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Catalan counties

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Countship
Not to be confused withCatalan Countries.
Part ofa series on the
History ofCatalonia
Arms of Catalonia
Principality of Catalonia, printed in Antwerp in 1608 by Jan Baptist Vrients
Prehistory  
Iberians c. 6th BC – c. 1st BC
Greek colonies c. 6th BC – c. 1st BC
Roman conquest of Hispania 218 BC – 19 BC
Tarraconensis 27 BC – 476 AD
Visigoths 5th century – c.720
Al-Andalus 713–1154
Catalan counties c.760 – 12th c.
County of Barcelona 801–1162
Crown of Aragon 1137–1715
Principality of Catalonia 1173 – 1714
Compromise of Caspe 1412
War of the Remences 1462–1486
Catalan Civil War 1462–1472
Timeline

TheCatalan counties (Catalan:Comtats Catalans,IPA:[kumˈtatskətəˈlans]) were those surviving counties of theHispanic March and the southernmost part of theMarch of Gothia that were later united to form thePrincipality of Catalonia.

In 778,Charlemagne led the first militaryFrankish expedition intoHispania to create a military buffer zone between theFrankish Empire and theEmirate of Córdoba, occasionally known as the "Hispanic March". The territory that he subdued would in later centuries become the kernel of Catalonia (not yet known like that since the first written mention ofCatalonia is in 1113). In 781, Charlemagne made his 3-year-old sonLouis the Pious (778 – 840)king of Aquitaine, who was sent there with regents and a court in order to secure the southern border of his kingdom against the Arabs and Moors and to expand southwards into Muslim territory.

These counties were originally primitivefeudal entities ruled by a small military elite. Counts were appointed directly by and owed allegiance to theCarolingian (Frankish) emperor. The appointment of heirs could not be taken for granted. However, with the rise of the importance of theBellonids and strong figures among them such as,Sunifred (fl. 844–848) andWilfred the Hairy (c.870-897), and the weakening of Carolingian royal power, the appointment of heirs eventually become a formality. This trend resulted in the counts becoming independent of the Carolingian crown underBorrell II in 987, and began calling themselvesdei gratia comes (counts by the grace of god) anddux catalanensis (Catalan dukes) or evenHispaniae subjogator (subjucator of Hispania) andpropugnator et murus christiani populi (wall and defender of the Christian folk).

The many counties (aside from the counties ofCounty of Pallars,County of Urgell andCounty of Empuries) were to be soon absorbed into theCounty of Barcelona. TheCount of BarcelonaRamon Berenguer IV, married the heiress of theKingdom of Aragon,Petronilla of Aragon, in 1150, uniting as equals theKingdom of Aragon and theCounty of Barcelona. Thus, their son,Alfonso II of Aragon, became the king of theCrown of Aragon.

Creation

[edit]
The Hispanic March counties between the late 8th and 12th centuries that would be united later as the Principality of Catalonia
The Catalan counties and the County of Barcelona (in blue-grey) at the death ofRamon Berenguer III (1131)

The Frankish conquest of the area from Muslim control began in 759, shortly after the capture ofNarbonne, with the establishment of theCounty of Rosselló, the first of what would later become the Catalan counties to be established.[1] In 785,Rostany (orRostaing) was madeCount of Girona, the first one south of the Pyrenees.Besalú andEmpúries were originally part of Girona. WhenUrgell andCerdanya were conquered by Carolingian forces around 798, they were also made counties of the Hispanic March andBorrell was made count. He took a very active part in the subsequent conquest ofOsona in 799 and the successful siege of Barcelona in 801. He was made count of Osona in 799, perhaps as a reward for his services. In 801, in the greatest military triumph of his long career, Louis the Pious, son of Charlamagne,took Barcelona from its Muslim rulers, making it the greatest city of the Hispanic March's littoral. TheCounty of Barcelona was established andBera was made its count. In 812, Count dilo of Girona (which included Besalú and Empúries) died and the county also passed to Bera.

In 804 and 805, Borrell participated in the expeditions toTortosa, but not in the subsequentcampaigns of 808 and 809. On Borrell's death in 820, Osona was given toRampon and Urgell and Cerdanya went toAznar Galíndez. Also in 820, Bera went into political disfavour and lost the countships of Barcelona and Girona, which also went to Rampon.

Around 813, Empúries became a separate county underErmenguer, and in 817, it was united to theCounty of Roussillon. From 835 to 844,Sunyer I was count of Empúries andPeralada whileAlaric I was count of Roussillon andVallespir.

Besalú was made a separate county in 878 forRadulf on the condition that it pass to the heirs ofWilfred the Hairy on his death. It went toMiro I the Younger in 912.

Barcelona soon overshadowed the other counties in importance, especially during the reign ofWilfred the Hairy in the late 9th century. At that time, the power of the Carolingian Empire was waning and the neglected Hispanic March counties were practically independent of its royal authority. In the early 11th century,Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona, was able to submit toSancho III of Navarre as his suzerain, even though he was still legally a vassal ofRobert II of France. With the accession of Robert's father,Hugh Capet, the first non-Carolingian king, in 987, most of the counts refused to pay homage to the new dynasty. Over the next century, most of the counties were absorbed or became vassals of the County of Barcelona. In 1137, the Count of BarcelonaRamon Berenguer IV married the heiress of theKingdom of AragonPetronella, daughter of the Aragonese king Ramiro II, thus uniting the County of Barcelona and its vassals with the Kingdom of Aragon to create theCrown of Aragon. After 1173, the Catalan counties, including the vassals of Barcelona, fell under the legal definition of Catalonia, which was officially defined as a principality in 1343. Several of the later Aragonese kings re-created some of the counties as appanages for younger sons.

Catalan Counties and Viscounties

[edit]
Catalan CountiesCatalan Viscounties

Appointed rulers

[edit]
RulerBornReignCountyDeathFamilyNotes
Rostany?785–801/11Girona??
Borrell I?798–820Cerdanya
Urgell
Osona
820?After his death his counties were annexed by theCounty of Aragon (820-834/38).
Odilon?801/11–817Girona??
Beggo755
Son ofGerard I of Paris and Rotrude
806 – 28 October 816Pallars
Ribagorça
28 October 816
aged 60-61
Girardids [fr]
Bera770790–820Razès
Conflent
844
aged 73-74?
?Nominated to three different counties in theHispanic March. Conflent merged in Razès.
801–820Barcelona
817–820Girona
Besalú
Ermenguer?813–817Empúries??
Gaucelm796
Second son ofWilliam of Gellone and Cunegonde
817–832Roussillon
Empúries
834
aged 37-38
Guilhelmids [fr]
828–832Razès
Rampon770820–825Girona
Besalú
Barcelona
Razès
825
aged 54-55?
?Osona merged in Barcelona from 820.
Bernard of Septimania795
First son ofWilliam of Gellone and Cunegonde
825–832
835–844
Girona
Besalú
Barcelona
Razès
844
aged 48-49
Guilhelmids [fr]MarriedDhuoda of Gascony, daughter of the Duke of Gascony.
835–844Pallars
Ribagorça
Berengar the Wise790
Son ofUnruoch II of Friuli and Ingeltrude
28 October 816 – 835Pallars
Ribagorça
835
aged 44-45
Unrochids
832–835Girona
Besalú
Barcelona
Roussillon
Empúries
Razès
Sunifred I?
First son ofBello of Carcassonne
834–848Cerdanya848BellonidsMarried Ermesinde (in 840), and had offspring, which succeeded him; SeeHereditary period below.
838–848Urgell
844–848Girona
Besalú
Barcelona
Sunyer I?
Second son ofBello of Carcassonne
835–848Roussillon?BellonidsBrother of Sunifred I.
835–842
843–848
Empúries
Alaric?842–843Empúries??
Argila?
Son ofBera
844–846Razès846?Son of Count Bera I.
Bera II?846–849Razès849?AlsoCount of Carcassonne.
Miro Eutili?849–850Razès850?AlsoCount of Carcassonne.
Fredelo?
Son ofFulcoald of Rouergue and Senegund
844–852Pallars
Ribagorça
852?AlsoCount of Carcassonne.
850–852Razès
Wilfred?848–852Girona??
William of Septimania826
Son ofBernard of Septimania andDhuoda of Gascony
848–850Barcelona
Roussillon
Empúries
850
aged 24-25
Guilhelmids [fr]AlsoDuke of Gascony.
Aleran of Troyes?850–852Barcelona
Roussillon
Empúries
?House of Blois
(possibly)
Joint rulers.
Isembard of Vergy??House of Vergy
Odalric?
Son ofHunfrid, Margrave of Istria
852–858Girona864?
Humfrid?858–864Roussillon
Barcelona
864Hunfridings
858-862Empúries
Girona
Otger?862–870Empúries
Girona
??
Bernard of Gothia?
Son ofBernard II, Count of Poitiers and Belihildis
864–878Roussillon
Barcelona
After 879Guilhelmids [fr]AlsoCount of Poitiers.

Hereditary Rulers

[edit]

Catalan Counties under Bellonid dynasty

[edit]
See also:Bellonids

Partitions of the Catalan counties under Bellonid/Barcelona domain

[edit]
            
            
County of
Roussillon

(878-1172)
(Bellonid line)
County of
Empúries

(905-1402)
(Barcelona line
from 1325)
      County of
Barcelona

(878-1410)
(Barcelona line)
County of
Besalú

(988-1118)
County of
Cerdanya

(1st creation)
(897-1118)
      
County of
Urgell

(992-1413)[2]
County of
Forcalquier

(1129-1209)
      Barcelona joined by
theKingdom of Aragon

(1137)
County of
Provence

(1127-1267)[3]
            
County of
Cerdanya

(2nd creation)
(1162-1344)[4]
Inherited by the
Kingdom of Naples
      
      
      
Annexed to the
Aragonese House
of Trastámara
Annexed to theAragonese House of Trastámara

Table of rulers

[edit]
RulerBornReignRuling part/
County
ConsortDeathNotes
Wilfred Ithe Hairy
El Pilós
c.840
Girona
Disputed filiation,
Presumed (first) son ofSunifred, Count of Barcelona and Ermesinde
878 – 897County of BarcelonaGuinidilda
877
ten children
897
Tremp
aged 46–47
Children of Sunifred, divided their lands. Wilfred was the first count to explicitly pass his titles to his children: with him begins the hereditary period in the Catalan counties. Radulf had no children and his county passed to his nephew Miro, Count of Cerdanya.
Miro Ithe Elder
El Vell
c.840
Second son ofSunifred, Count of Barcelona and Ermesinde
878 –895County of RoussillonQuíxol
one child
896
aged 55-56
Radulfc.845
Third son ofSunifred, Count of Barcelona and Ermesinde
878 –920County of BesalúUnmarried920
aged 74–75?
Besalú briefly annexed to Barcelona
Sunyer IIc.840
First son ofSunyer I, Count of Empúries
870 –894County of EmpúriesErmengarda
four children
915
aged 74–75
Children of Sunyer I, ruled jointly. In 895, after Miro I's death, Sunyer II assumed his inheritance, and left sole control of Empúries to his brother.
895 –915County of Roussillon
Delac.840
Second son ofSunyer I, Count of Empúries
870 –894County of EmpúriesCixilona
two children
894
aged 33–34
Empúries briefly annexed to Roussillon
Wilfred II Borrell I
(Guifré Borrell)
c.874
Girona
First son ofWilfred I and Guinidilda
897 – 26 April 911County of BarcelonaGarsenda
898
one child
26 April 911
Barcelona
aged 36–37
Children of Wilfredthe Hairy, divided their inheritance. Wilfred had no children, and Barcelona passed to a younger brother, Sunyer, who didn't participate in the first division. Sunifred's part was eventually reunited with Barcelona.
Miro IIthe Younger
El Jove
c.878
Second son ofWilfred I and Guinidilda
897 – October 927County of CerdanyaAva of Pallars
915
eight children
October 927
aged 48–49
Sunifred IIc.880
Fourth son ofWilfred I and Guinidilda
897 – 948County of UrgellAdelaide of BarcelonaBonafilla
(918-993)
no children
948
aged 67–68
Urgell briefly annexed to Barcelona
Sunyerc.890
Girona
Sixth son ofWilfred I and Guinidilda
26 April 911 – 947County of BarcelonaAimilda
914
one child

Richilda of Toulouse
925
five children
15 October 950
Lagrasse
aged 59–60
Younger brother of Wilfred II and Miro II, succeeded his brother in Barcelona. Abdicated.
Bencionc.870?
First son ofSunyer II and Ermengarda
915  – 1 September 916County of RoussillonGodlana of Barcelona
no children
1 September 916
aged 45–46
Children of Sunyer II, ruled jointly. Bencion was son-in-law of his uncle Mirothe Elder, but was Gausbert who assured the continuity of the inheritance.
Gausbertc.870?
Second son ofSunyer II and Ermengarda
915 –931Trudegarda
three children
931
aged 69–70
Regency ofAva of Pallars (927-942)Children of Miro II, divided their inheritance. Wilfred was the last Catalan count that paid tribute to a Carolingian king. After Wilfred II's death with no descendants, Sunifred reunited Besalú with Cerdanya. However, as Sunifred didn't have children himself, the county passed to his younger brother.
Sunifred II915
First son ofMiro II andAva of Pallars
October 927 – 30 October 968County of CerdanyaGodlana of Barcelona
no children
30 October 968
Cuxa
aged 52–53
Wilfred IIc.920
Second son ofMiro II andAva of Pallars
October 927 – December 957County of BesalúUnmarriedDecember 957
Besalú
aged 36–37
Besalú briefly annexed to Cerdanya
Gausfred Ic.900
Son ofGausbert and Trudegarda
931 –991County of RoussillonAva Guisla of Rouergue
four children

Sybille
no children
991
aged 90–91?
Miro I
c.926
Barcelona
Second son ofSunyer andRichilda of Toulouse
947 – 31 October 966County of BarcelonaUnmarried31 October 966
Barcelona
aged 39–40
Children of Sunyer, ruled jointly. In his testament, Borrell II, gave Barcelona, Girona and Osona toRamon Borrell (992-1017), while Urgell went to Ermengol I (992-1010), so that the Count of Urgell title became separated from theHouse of Barcelona.
Borrell II
c.927
Barcelona
Third son ofSunyer andRichilda of Toulouse
947 – 30 September 992Luitgard of Toulouse [es]
968
five children

Aimeruda [ca] (of Auvergne?)
980
no children
30 September 992
Castellciutat
aged 64–65
Miro III
El Bonfill
(The Good Son?)
c.920
Third son ofMiro II andAva of Pallars
968 –22 January 984County of CerdanyaUnmarried22 January 984
Girona
aged 63–64
AlsoBishop of Girona (968-984).
Oliba
Cabreta (?)
c.920
Fourth son ofMiro II andAva of Pallars
22 January 984 –988County of CerdanyaErmengarda of Roussillon-Empúries
966
five children
990
Montecassino
aged 69–70
Abdicated to his children in 988 to follow a monastic life.
Ramon Borrell
26 May 972
Girona
Son ofBorrell II andLuitgard of Toulouse [es]
30 September 992 –8 September 1017County of BarcelonaErmesinde of Carcassonne
993
two children
8 September 1017
Barcelona
aged 45
Children of Ramon Borrell, divided their inheritance.
Ermengol Iof Córdoba
El de Córdoba
973
Barcelona
Second son ofBorrell II andLuitgard of Toulouse [es]
30 September 992 – 1 September 1010County of UrgellTetberga of Gévaudan [ca]
c.1000
two children
1 September 1010
Córdoba
aged 36–37
Regency ofErmengarda of Roussillon-Empúries (988-994)Children of OlibaCabreta, divided the county. Oliba abdicated of Berga to become abbot and thenBishop of Vic (1018-1046).
Bernard ITaillefer
Tallaferro
c.970
First son ofOliba Cabreta andErmengarda of Roussillon-Empúries
988  – October 1020County of BesalúToda of Provence [es]
992
eight children
October 1020
Provence
aged 49–50
Wilfred IIc.970
Second son ofOliba Cabreta andErmengarda of Roussillon-Empúries
988 – 1035County of CerdanyaGuisla of Pallars
c.1006
(c.1020)
eight children
31 July 1049
Abbey of Saint-Martin-du-Canigou
aged 78–79
Oliba971
Third son ofOliba Cabreta andErmengarda of Roussillon-Empúries
988 – 1002County of Cerdanya
(atBerga)
Unmarried31 October 1046
Cuxa
aged 74–75
In 1002 Berga re-joined Cardanya
Hugh Ic.965
First son ofGausfred I andAva Guisla of Rouergue
991 – 1040County of EmpúriesGuisla of Béziers
five children
1040
aged 74–75
Children of Gausfred I, divided their inheritance.
Giselbert Ic.965
Third son ofGausfred I andAva Guisla of Rouergue
991 – 1014County of RoussillonBeliarda
three children
1014
aged 48–49
Regency ofRamon Borrell, Count of Barcelona (1010-1018)Began a war of conquest alongside his uncle and regent. Died in pilgrimage.
Ermengol IIthe Pilgrim
El Pelegrí
1009
Son ofErmengol I andTetberga of Gévaudan [ca]
1 September 1010 – 1038County of UrgellArsenda of Béziers [ca]
1026
no children

Velasquita-Constance of Besalú [ca]
1030
one child
1038
Jerusalem
aged 26–27
Gausfred IIc.1000
Son ofGiselbert I and Beliarda
1014 – 1074County of RoussillonAdelaide
five children
1074
aged 73–74
Regency ofErmesinde of Carcassonne (1017-1021)
Berenguer Ramon Ithe Crooked
El Corbat
1004
Son ofRamon Borrell andErmesinde of Carcassonne
8 September 1017 – 31 March 1035County of BarcelonaSancha Sánchez of Castile [es]
1021
two children

Guisla de Lluçà [es]
1027
three children
31 March 1035
Barcelona
aged 30–31
William Ithe Fat [es]
El Gras
c.995
Son ofBernard I andToda of Provence [es]
October 1020 – 1052County of BesalúAdelaide (of Provence?)
1020
three children
1052
aged 56–57
Regency ofErmesinde of Carcassonne (1035-1039)Children of Berenguer Ramon, divided their inheritance, which was reunited after William's abdication in 1054. Ramon Berenguer was the first to have the intention of creating aPrincipality of Catalonia,[5] ideal then applied by his descendantAlfonso II of Aragon from 1162. Some authors argue that he may have ruled with his wifeAlmodis de La Marche,[6] although her status as sovereign is very disputed.
Ramon Berenguer Ithe Old
El Vell
1023
Girona
Son ofBerenguer Ramon I andSancha Sánchez of Castile [es]
31 March 1035 – 26 June 1076County of BarcelonaÉlisabeth de Nîmes [ca]
1039
three children

Blanche de Narbonne [ca]
16 March 1051
(annulled 1052)
no children

Almodis de La Marche
1056
Barcelona
(together since 1052)
four children
26 June 1076
Barcelona
aged 52–53
Regency ofGuisla de Lluçà [es] (1035-1054)
William [es]1028
Girona
Son ofBerenguer Ramon I andGuisla de Lluçà [es]
31 March 1035 – 1054County of Barcelona
(atOsona andManresa)
Unmarried1057
aged 28–29
Osona and Manresa reabsorbed in Barcelona
Ramonc.1010
First son ofWilfred II andGuisla of Pallars
1035 – 1068County of CerdanyaAdelaide
c.1040
two children
1068
aged 57–58
Children of Wilfred II, divided their inheritance.
Bernard Ic.1010
Second son ofWilfred II andGuisla of Pallars
1035 – 1050County of Cerdanya
(atBerga)
Unmarried1050
aged 39–40
Regency ofVelasquita-Constance of Besalú [ca] (1038-1050)He was given the rule ofBarbastro following its conquest during theCrusade of Barbastro (1064).
Ermengol IIIof Barbastro
El de Barbastre
June 1032
Monzón
Son ofErmengol II andVelasquita-Constance of Besalú [ca]
1038 – 17 April 1066County of UrgellAdelaide of Besalú [ca]
1050
two children

Clemence of Bigorre [ca]
1055
three children

Sancha of Aragon
1063
no children
17 April 1066
Barbastro
aged 33–34
Ponce I [es]990
Son ofHugh I andGuisla of Béziers
1040 – 1078County of EmpúriesAdelaide of Besalú [ca]
3 August 1364
eight children
1078
aged 87–88?
Transferred the viscounty ofPeralada to his son Berengar.
Berenguerc.1010
Third son ofWilfred II andGuisla of Pallars
1050County of Cerdanya
(atBerga)
Unmarried1093
aged 57–58
Younger brother of Bernard, succeeded him in Berga, but abdicated of the county to Cerdanya to becomeBishop of Girona (1050-1093).
Berga rejoined Cerdanya
William IITrunus
El Tro
c.1020
First son ofWilliam I [es] and Adelaide (of Provence?)
1052 – 10661066
aged 45–46
County of Besalú[7]
Stephanie (of Provence?)
two children
Regency ofSancha of Aragon (1066-1075)His second marriage expanded his authority into the ProvençalCounty of Forcalquier.
Ermengol IVof Gerb
El de Gerb
1056
Son ofErmengol III andAdelaide of Besalú [ca]
17 April 1066 – 11 March 1092County of UrgellLucie of Upper Pallars
(d.bef.1079)
1077
one child

Adelaide, Countess of Forcalquier
1079
two children
11 March 1092
Gerb
aged 35–36
Bernard IIc.1020
Second son ofWilliam I [es] and Adelaide (of Provence?)
1066 – 1097County of BesalúErmengard of Empúries
one child
1097
aged 56–57
Probably intended as regent for his nephew, he took his place and ruled until his own death.
William I Raymondc.1040
Son ofSunyer II and Ermengarda
1068 – 1095County of CerdanyaAdelaide of Carcassonne
no children

Isabella of Urgell
1071
no children

Sancha of Barcelona [ca]
c.1080
two children
1095
aged 54–55
Giselbert IIc.1025
Son ofGausfred II andAva Guisla of Rouergue
1074 – 1102County of RoussillonStephanie
one child
1102
aged 76–77
Made a treaty with his cousin Ponce I of Empúries.
Ramon Berenguer IIthe Towhead
El Cap d'Estopes
c.1053
Girona
Twin children ofRamon Berenguer I
andAlmodis de La Marche
26 June 1076 – 6 December 1082County of BarcelonaMafalda of Apulia-Calabria
1078
Barcelona
three children
6 December 1082
Sant Feliu de Buixalleu
aged 28–29
Twin children of Ramon Berenguer and Almodis, ascended jointly. Berenguer Ramon probably perpetrated his brother's murder (hence his cognomen). After the event, his nephew was associated to the co-rulership.
Berenguer Ramon IIthe Fratricide
El Fratricida
26 June 1076 – 1097Unmarried1097
Jerusalem
aged 43–44
Hugh II1035
Son ofPonce I [es] andAdelaide of Besalú [ca]
1078 – 1116County of EmpúriesSancha of Urgell [ca]
c.1070
six children
1116
aged 80–81
His brother Berenguer was the forefather of theViscounts of Rocabertí.
Ramon Berenguer IIIthe Great
El Gran
11 November 1082
Rodez
Son ofRamon Berenguer II
andMafalda of Apulia-Calabria
6 December 1082 –19 July 1131County of BarcelonaMaría Rodríguez de Vivar
1103
two children

Almodis de Mortain
1106
no children

Douce I, Countess of Provence
3 February 1112
Arles
seven children
19 July 1131
Barcelona
aged 48
Ruled jointly with his uncle until 1097. His last marriage with the heiress of theCounty of Provence brought it under Barcelona domain. His reign saw a proliferation of Provençal culture in Catalonia.
1112 – 19 July 1131County of Provence
Ermengol Vof Mollerussa
El de Mollerussa
1078
Son ofErmengol IV andLucie of Upper Pallars
11 March 1092 – 11 September 1102County of UrgellMaría Pérez of Valladolid [es]
1095
five children
11 September 1102
Mollerussa
aged 23–24
Children of Ermengol IV. Ermengol V was the first count since Ermengol I to not be a minor at the time of his accession. His marriage brought Urgell into the Leonese-Castilian court. William received his mother's inheritance in Forcalquier.
William IIIc.1080
Son ofErmengol IV andAdelaide, Countess of Forcalquier
1129 –7 October 1129County of ForcalquierGersende of Albon
c.1080
two children
7 October 1129
Avignon
aged 48–49
William II Jordan1079
First son ofWilliam I andSancha of Barcelona [ca;Sancha of Barcelona]
1095 – August 1109County of CerdanyaUnmarriedAugust 1109
Tripoli
aged 29–30
Died in crusade. He left no heirs and was succeeded by his brother.
Bernard III [ca]c.1065
Son ofWilliam II and Stephanie (of Provence?)
1097 – 1111County of BesalúXimena, Countess of Osona [ca]
1 October 1107
no children
1111
aged 45–46
Besalú annexed to Barcelona
Girard Ic.1070?
Son ofGiselbert II and Stephanie
1102 – 1113County of RoussillonAgnes
two children
1113
aged 62–63
Regency ofPedro Ansúrez, Lord of Valladolid (1102-1108)His close bonds with the Castlian court (started by his father) rendered him his nickname.
Ermengol VIof Castile
El de Castella
1096
Valladolid
Son ofErmengol V andMaría Pérez of Valladolid [es;María Pérez of Valladolid]
1102 – 28 June 1154County of UrgellArsenda of Cabrera [ca]
1119[8]or 1126
one child

Elvira Rodríguez de Lara
1135
three children
28 June 1154
aged 57–58
Bernardc.1080
Second son ofWilliam I andSancha of Barcelona [ca;Sancha of Barcelona]
August 1109 – 1118County of CerdanyaTeresa of Urgell
no children

Sancha de Álvar
no children
1118
aged 37–38
Cerdanya annexed to Barcelona
Regency ofArnau Gausfred of Roussillon (1113-1121)
Gausfred III1103
Son ofGirard I and Agnes
1113 – 24 February 1164County of RoussillonErmengarde of Béziers
(d.1156)
c.1110
(annulled 1152)
one child
24 February 1164
aged 60–61
Ponce II [ca]
(Ponç Hug I)
1070
Son ofHugh II andSancha of Urgell [ca]
1116 – 1154County of EmpúriesBrunesilda
(d.c.1175)
one child
1154
aged 83–84
Guigues [fr]c.1090?
First son ofWilliam III of Forcalquier andGersende of Albon
7 October 1129 – 1149County of ForcalquierUnknown
one child
1149
aged 58–59
His child probably predeceased him, as he was succeeded by his brother.
Ramon Berenguer IVthe Saint
El Sant
c.1113
Barcelona orRodez
First son ofRamon Berenguer III
andDouce I, Countess of Provence
19 July 1131 – 6 August 1162County of BarcelonaPetronilla, Queen of Aragon
August 1150
Lleida
five children
6 August 1162
Borgo San Dalmazzo
aged 48–49
Children of Ramon Berenguer III, divided their inheritance. While Ramon Berenguer IV's marriage with the queen of Aragon united Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon, in Provence, Berenguer Ramon took an offensive againstGenoa.
Berenguer Ramon IFebruary 1114
Second son ofRamon Berenguer I andDouce I, Countess of Provence
19 July 1131 – March 1144County of ProvenceBeatrice of Melgueil
c.1135
one child
March 1144
Melgueil
aged 30
Regency ofRamon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona (1144–1157)In August 1161, he travelled toTurin with his uncle to obtain confirmation of his countship in Provence from theEmperor Frederick I, for Provence was legally a fief of theHoly Roman Empire.
Ramon Berenguer IIc.1135
Son ofBerenguer Ramon I andBeatrice of Melgueil
March 1144 – March 1166County of ProvenceRicheza of Poland
17 November 1161
one child
March 1166
Nice
aged 30–31
Bertrand I1104
Second son ofWilliam III of Forcalquier andGersende of Albon
1149 – 1151County of ForcalquierJosserande de la Flotte
1130
three children
1151
aged 46–47
Bertrand IIc.1130?
First son ofBertrand I andJosserande de la Flotte
1151 – 13 May 1207County of ForcalquierCecilia of Béziers
two children
13 May 1207
aged 76–77
Left no male heirs, and was succeeded by his brother.
Ermengol VIIof Valencia
El de València
c.1130
Son ofErmengol VI andArsenda of Cabrera [ca]
28 June 1154 – 11 August 1184County of UrgellDouce of Foix [ca]
1157
two children
11 August 1184
Requena
aged 26–27
Continued the Castilian bonds of his ancestors: inherited Castilian land from his grandmother and wasMajordomo ofFerdinand II of León.
Hugh III [ca]c.1110/20
Son ofPonce II [ca] and Brunesilda
1154 – 1173County of EmpúriesJussiana d'Entença [ca]
five children
1173
aged 62–63?
Petronilla29 June 1136
Huesca
Daughter ofRamiro II of Aragon
andAgnes of Aquitaine
6 August 1162 – 18 July 1164County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Ramon Berenguer IV
August 1150
Lleida
five children
15 October 1173
Barcelona
aged 37
After the death of her husband, she, as Queen of Aragon, assumed the reins of his lands until her own abdication.
Girard IIc.1120?
Son ofGausfred III andErmengarde of Béziers
24 February 1164 – July 1172County of RoussillonUnmarriedJuly 1172
aged 74–75
His will determined that the county should be inherited by his relative,Alfonso II of Aragon.
Roussillon annexed to Barcelona-Aragon, then aligned with Cerdanya
Regency ofRicheza of Poland (1166-1167)She ruled a few months, as her half brother-in-law,Alfonso II of Aragon, claimed Provence for himself on the basis of the imperial enfeoffment of 1162.
Douce IIc.1162
Daughter ofRamon Berenguer II andRicheza of Poland
March 1166 – 1167County of ProvenceUnmarried1172
Nice
aged 9–10
Council of Regency (1164-1172)Formal union of theKingdom of Aragon and Barcelona, and with various feudal dependencies. In 1173, Alfonso, who held Provence, gave it to his younger brother, Ramon Berenguer.
Alphonse Ithe Troubadour
El Trobador
Alfons I1-25 March 1157
Huesca
Son ofRamon Berenguer IV andPetronilla
18 July 1164 – 25 April 1196County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
[9]
Sancha of Castile
18 January 1174
Zaragoza
seven children
25 April 1196
Perpignan
aged 44
1167 – 1173

1185 – 1195
County of Provence
Peter - Ramon Berenguer IIIc.1158
Son of CountRamon Berenguer IV of Barcelona andPetronilla of Aragon
1162 – 1168County of Cerdanya
(withRoussillon)
Unmarried5 April 1181
Montpellier
aged 22–23
Abdicated of Cerdanya to his brother Sancho. In 1173, assuming the county of Provence, changed his name toRamon Berenguer. In 1176, he joined Sancho in conqueringNice fromGenoa. He was assassinated.
1173 – 5 April 1181County of Provence
Sanchoc.1161
Son of CountRamon Berenguer IV of Barcelona andPetronilla of Aragon
1168 – 1223County of Cerdanya
(withRoussillon)
Ermesinde of Rocabertí
1184
one child

Sancha Núñez de Lara
1185
one child
1223
Montpellier
aged 61–62
Received from his brother the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon, and in 1181, received also the County of Roussillon, in the sequence of the same brother's death. In 1184, Sancho signed a treaty of alliance with the count of Forcalquier, the count of Toulouse and theRepublic of Genoa agreeing to oppose the king of Aragon's efforts to dominate Genoa and to take the city ofMarseille from him. Abdicated from Provence in 1185, but ruled in Cerdanya-Roussillon until his death.
1181 – 1185County of Provence
Ponce III [ca]
(Ponç Hug II)
1135
Son ofHugh III [ca] andJussiana d'Entença [ca]
1173 – 1200County of EmpúriesAdelaide of Montcada
two children

Ermesinde of Peratellada
no children
1200
aged 64–65
Ermengol VIIIof Sant Hilari
El de Sant Hilari
1158
Son ofErmengol VII andDouce of Foix [ca]
11 August 1184  – 1209County of UrgellElvira Núñez de Lara[10]
(1145-1220)
one child
1209
Sant Hilari Sacalm
aged 50–51
Ensured his daughter's succession to the county.
Alphonse II1180
Barcelona
Second son ofAlfonso I andSancha of Castile
1195 – 2 February 1209County of ProvenceGarsenda, Countess of Forcalquier
July 1193
Aix-en-Provence
one child
2 February 1209
Palermo
aged 28–29
His reign was marked by his conflicts with the count of Forcalquier, to whose granddaughter he was married.
Peter Ithe Catholic
El Catòlic
Peter IJuly 1178
Huesca
First son ofAlfons I andSancha of Castile
25 April 1196 – 13 September 1213County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Marie of Montpellier
15 June 1204
two children
12 September 1213
Battle of Muret
aged 35
Died in theBattle of Muret, in which he retaliated theCathar Crusade.
Hugh IV [ca]1170
Son ofPonce III [ca] andAdelaide of Montcada
1200 – April 1230County of EmpúriesMaria, Lady of Vilademuls
19 June 1373
five children
April 1230
Majorca
aged 59–60
Joined theConquest of Majorca.
William IVc.1130
Second son ofBertrand I andJosserande de la Flotte
13 May 1207 – 7 October 1209County of ForcalquierAdelaide of Béziers
one child
7 October 1209
aged 78–79
Left a daughter, Garsenda, who predeceased him; he was succeeded by his granddaughter, also named Garsenda.
Garsendac.1180
Daughter ofRainou of Sabran andGarsenda of Forcalquier
7 October 1209 – 1220[11]County of Forcalquier
(half 1,House of Sabran)
Alfonso II, Count of Provence
July 1193
Aix-en-Provence
one child
1242
aged 60–61
Despite Garsenda being the recognised heir of William IV, his sister Alice claimed the county for herself, with the aid of her son. Garsenda's part was, formally in 1209, andde facto in 1220, absorbed by Provence.
Alice [ca]c.1140
Daughter ofBertrand I andJosserande de la Flotte
7 October 1209 – 1219County of Forcalquier
(half 2)
Guiraud II Amic
three children
1219
aged 78-79?
William of Sabran [it]c.1190
Daughter of Guiraud II Amic andAlice [ca]
7 October 1209 – 1250?Bertranda of Porcelet
no children

Marguerite de Salins
1211
three children
1250
aged 59-60?
Forcalquier (both parts) annexed to Provence
Regency ofGarsenda, Countess of Forcalquier (1209–1220)Supporter of the Provençal lyric and culture and theAlbigensian Crusade. He also helped his father-in-law in his conflict withTurin andGuigues VI of Viennois. His surviving four daughters all married kings, causing a dispute about his succession.
Ramon Berenguer IV1198
Son ofAlfonso II andGarsenda, Countess of Forcalquier
February 1209 – 19 August 1245County of ProvenceBeatrice of Savoy
5 June 1219
Aix-en-Provence
six children
19 August 1245
Aix-en-Provence
aged 46–47
Regency ofElvira Núnez de Lara (1209-1220)Made atreaty of concubinage with James I of Aragon in 1209, and was his concubine until 1228. Some authors argue that the claimantGuerau IV of Cabrera had effective control of the county during her stay in the Aragonese court (1213-1228). In 1229, she married Peter of Portugal, and made him her co-ruler.
Aurembiaix1196
Balaguer
Daughter ofErmengol VIII andElvira Núnez de Lara
1209 – 1231County of Urgell[12]
Álvaro Pérez de Castro
1212
(annulled 1228)
no children

Peter of Portugal
1229
no children
1231
Balagueraged 34–35
Peter (I) of Portugal23 February 1187
Coimbra
Sixth son ofSancho I of Portugal andDulce of Aragon
1229 – 1231County of UrgellAurembiaix, Countess of Urgell
1229
no children
2 June 1258
Balearic Islands
aged 71
Co-ruler with his wife. He then ruled theBalearic Islands (1231–44 and 1254–56).
Regency ofSancho, Count of Cerdanya (1213-1218)In his reign, by theTreaty of Corbeil (1258) withLouis IX of France, Aragon formally renounced all possessions beyond thePyrenees; In compensation, Aragon-Barcelona expands its borders south against theMoors; Aragon conquers also theBalearic Islands, where it is established theKingdom of Majorca.
James Ithe Conqueror
El Conqueridor
James I2 February 1208
Montpellier
Son ofPeter I the Catholic andMarie of Montpellier
13 September 1213 – 27 July 1276County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
[13]
Eleanor of Castile
6 February 1221
Ágreda
(annulled 1229)
one child

Violant of Hungary
8 September 1235
Barcelona
ten children

Teresa Gil de Vidaure
(lover, then wife)
1255
(uncanonical marriage, repudiated 1260)
two children
27 July 1276
Valencia
aged 68
Nuño Sancho1185
Son ofSancho andSancha Núñez de Lara
1223 – 1242County of Cerdanya
(withRoussillon)
Petronilla, Countess of Bigorre
1215
(annulled 1216)
no children

Teresa López de Haro
1234
no children
1242
aged 56–57
After his death without heirs, the county was briefly annexed to Barcelona-Aragon.
Cerdanya-Roussillon briefly annexed to Barcelona-Aragon
Ponce IV [ca]
(Ponç Hug III)
1205
Son ofHugh IV [ca] and Maria of Vilademuls
April 1230 – 1269County of EmpúriesBenedetta of Torres
no children

Teresa Fernández de Lara
1234
four children
1269
aged 63–64
His brother, Ponce Hugh, was the forefather of theHouse of Entença.
Ponce1216
First son ofGuerau IV de Cabrera andEylo Pérez de Castro
1231 – 1243County of Urgell
(House of Cabrera)
María González Girón
six children
1243
aged 26–27
Grandson of Marquesa, daughter of Ermengol VII. After a period of dynastic squabbles,James I of Aragon acknowledged him as the successor to the County of Urgell.
1st regency ofMaría González Girón andJames of Cervera (1243)Died as a minor. He was succeeded by his brother.
Ermengol IX1235
First son ofPonce andMaría González Girón
1243County of Urgell
(House of Cabrera)
Unmarried1243
Balaguer
aged 7–8
2nd regency ofMaría González Girón andJames of Cervera (1243-1253)
Álvarothe Castilian
El Castellà
1239
Burgos
Second son ofPonce andMaría González Girón
1243 – 1268County of Urgell
(House of Cabrera)
Constance of Béarn
one child

Cecilia of Foix [ca]
1256
three children
1268
Foix
aged 28–29
Beatrice1229
Daughter ofRamon Berenguer IV andBeatrice of Savoy
19 August 1245 – 23 September 1267County of ProvenceCharles I, King of Sicily
31 January 1246
Aix-en-Provence
seven children
23 September 1267
Nocera Inferiore
aged 37–38
Her inheritance caused tense relations with her sisters; Her husband installed his French court in Provence and, after her death, inherited the county.
Provence annexed to theKingdom of Naples
Regency ofCecilia of Foix [ca] (1268-1270)
Regency ofRoger-Bernard III, Count of Foix (1268-1278)
Ermengol X1254
Son ofÁlvaro andCecilia of Foix [ca]
1268 – 1314County of Urgell
(House of Cabrera)
Sybille of Montcada
no children

Faydida of L'Isle-Jourdain
1300
no children
1314
Camporrélls
aged 59–60
Hugh V [ca]1240
Son ofPonce IV [ca] andTeresa Fernández de Lara
1269 – 1277County of EmpúriesSybilla de Palau [ca]
1262
two children
1277
Majorca
aged 59–60
Peter IIthe Great
El Gran
Peter IIJuly or August 1240
Valencia
Son ofJames I andViolant of Hungary
27 July 1276 – 2 November 1285County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Constance of Sicily
13 June 1262
Montpellier
six children
2 November 1285
Vilafranca del Penedès
aged 45
Children of James I, divided their possessions. Peter kept Aragon and the majority of the counties, and James inherited Majorca and the more remote counties (Roussillon and Cerdanya). In Peter's reign, Aragon conquers theKingdom of Sicily, during theSicilian Vespers.
James IIJames I31 May 1243
Montpellier
Son ofJames I of Aragon andViolant of Hungary
27 July 1276 – 29 May 1311County of Cerdanya-Roussillon
(withKingdom of Majorca, 1276–86; 1295–1311)
Esclaramunda of Foix
1275
six children
29 May 1311
Palma de Mallorca
aged 68
Ponce V
(Ponç Hug IV)
1264
Son ofHugh V [ca] andSybilla de Palau [ca]
1277 – 1313County of EmpúriesMarquesa, Viscountess of Cabrera [ca]
1282
three children
1313
aged 48–49
Alphonse IIthe Liberal
El Liberal
Alfons II4 November 1265
Valencia
Son ofPeter II andConstance of Sicily
2 November 1285 – 18 June 1291County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Eleanor of England
15 August 1290
(by proxy and not consummated)[14]
no children
18 June 1291
Barcelona
aged 27
James IIthe Just
El Just
James II10 August 1267
Valencia
Son ofPeter II andConstance of Sicily
18 June 1291 – 2 November 1327County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Isabella of Castile
1 December 1291
Soria
no children

Blanche of Anjou
29 October or 1 November 1295
Vilabertran
ten children

Marie de Lusignan
15 June 1315
(by proxy)
Nicosia
27 November 1315
(in person)
Girona
no children

Elisenda de Montcada
25 December 1322
Tarragona
no children
5 November 1327
Barcelona
aged 60
Sancho
1276
Perpignan
Son ofJames II of Majorca andEsclaramunda of Foix
29 May 1311 – 4 September 1324County of Cerdanya-Roussillon
(withKingdom of Majorca)
Maria of Naples
20 September 1304
no children
4 September 1324
Formiguera
aged 48
Ponce VI [ca]
Malgaulí (?)
(Ponç Hug V)
1290
Son ofPonce V andMarquesa, Viscountess of Cabrera [ca]
1313 – 1322County of EmpúriesSybilla of Narbonne
no children

Elisabeth of Sicily
1313
one child
1322
aged 31–32
Teresa1300
Daughter of Gombau d'Entença and Constance of Antillón
1314 – 20 October 1327County of Urgell
(House of Entença)
Alfonso IV of Aragon
1314
Lerida
seven children
20 October 1327
Zaragoza
aged 26–27
Daughter of Constance, niece of Ermengol X. She married the heir to the crown of Aragon, and by this, she returned the county to theHouse of Barcelona.
Regency ofElisabeth of Sicily (1322)Deposed because she was a minor, and died as so. The county passed to Hug de Cardona, the nearest relative of the family.
Marquesa [ca]1322
Daughter ofPonce VI [ca] andElisabeth of Sicily
1322County of EmpúriesUnmarried1327
aged 4–5
Hugh VI [ca]1307
Son ofRamon Folch VI of Cardona [ca] andMaría Alfonso de Haro
1322 – 1325County of Empúries
(House of Folch de Cardona)
Unmarried25 August 1334
aged 26–27
Grandson of Sybilla, daughter of Ponç IV. Also Viscount of Cardona. He was deposed byJames II of Aragon, who replaced him with his own son.
Regency ofPhilip of Majorca (1324-1329)Nephew of Sancho. Deposed by Peter the Ceremonious, in his attempt to reunite the domains of theCrown of Aragon.
James III5 April 1315
Catania
Son ofFerdinand of Majorca andIsabelle of Sabran
4 September 1324 – 1344County of Cerdanya-Roussillon
(withKingdom of Majorca)
Constance of Aragon
24 September 1336
Perpignan
two children

Violante of Vilaragut
10 November 1347
one child
25 October 1349
Llucmajor
aged 34
Cerdanya-Roussillon reabsorbed in Barcelona
Peter I1305
Barcelona
Eighth son ofJames II andBlanche of Anjou
1325 – 1341County of EmpúriesJoanna of Foix
(d.1358)
12 May 1331
Castelló d'Empúries
four children
4 November 1381
Pisa
aged 74–75
Son of James II of Aragon, he was appointed as count of Empúries. Abdicated to his brother in 1341.
James I1321
Zaragoza
Fourth son ofAlphonse (future Alphonse III of Barcelona) andTeresa d'Entença
20 October 1327 – 15 November 1347County of UrgellCecilia of Comminges
1335
two children
15 November 1347
Barcelona
aged 25–26
Son of Alfonso IV of Aragon (III as Count of Barcelona), he was appointed as count of Urgell.
Alphonse IIIthe Kind
El Benigne
Alfons III2 November 1299
Naples
Son ofJames II andBlanche of Anjou
2 November 1327 – 24 January 1336County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Teresa d'Entença
1314
Lerida
seven children

Eleanor of Castile
5 February 1329
Tarazona
two children
27 January 1336
Barcelona
aged 37
Peter IIIthe Ceremonious
El Cerimoniós
Peter III5 October 1319
Balaguer
Son ofAlphonse III andTeresa d'Entença
24 January 1336 – 5 January 1387County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Maria of Navarre
25 July 1337
Zaragoza
two children

Leonor of Portugal
14 or 15 November 1347
Barcelona
no children

Eleanor of Sicily
27 August 1349
Valencia
four children

Sibila of Fortia
11 October 1377
Barcelona
three children
5 January 1387
Barcelona
aged 68
Ramon Berenguer [ca]1308
Barcelona
Fifth son ofJames II andBlanche of Anjou
1341 – 1364County of EmpúriesBlanche of Taranto
(1309-1337)
1327
two children

María Alvárez de Xérica
(1310-1364)
1338
Valencia
one child
1366
aged 57–58
Abdicated of the county to his son, and died two years later.
Regency ofCecilia of Comminges (1347-1357)
Peter II1340
Son ofJames I andCecilia of Comminges
15 November 1347  – June 1408County of UrgellBeatrice of Cardona
22 August 1363
no children

Margaret Palaiologina of Montferrat
1375
eight children
June 1408
Balaguer
aged 67–68
John Ithe Old [es]
El Vell
1338
Son ofRamon Berenguer [ca] and María Alvárez de Xérica
1364 – 1398County of EmpúriesBlanche of Sicily
3 August 1364
one child

Joanna of Aragon
19 June 1373
five children
1398
Castellví de Rosanes
aged 59–60
During his reign, in 1386–1387, the county was briefly occupied by Barcelona-Aragon.
Johnthe Hunter
El Caçador
John I27 December 1350
Perpignan
Son ofPeter III andEleanor of Sicily
5 January 1387 – 19 May 1396County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
[15]
Martha of Armagnac
24 June 1373
Barcelona
five children

Violant of Bar
2 February 1380
Perpignan
seven children
19 May 1396
Foixà
aged 46
Martinthe Humanist
l'Humà
Martí I1356
Girona
Son ofPeter III andEleanor of Sicily
19 May 1396 – 31 May 1410County of Barcelona
(withKingdom of Aragon)
Maria de Luna
13 June 1372
Barcelona
four children

Margaret of Prades
17 September 1409
Barcelona
no children
31 May 1410
Barcelona
aged 54
Left no surviving heirs at the time of his death. Barcelona (and Aragon) entered in a period of convulsion that ended with theCompromise of Caspe (1412).
John II [ca]c.1375
First son ofJohn I [es] andJoanna of Aragon
1398 –1401County of EmpúriesElfa of Cardona [hu]
no children
1401
Castelló d'Empúries
aged 74–75
Left no heirs, and was succeeded by his brother.
Peter II [ca]1377
Second son ofJohn I [es] andJoanna of Aragon
1401 –1402County of Empúries20 October 1399
no children
1402
aged 23–24
Joana of Rocabertí [ca]1358
Daughter ofPhilip Dalmau I of Rocabertí [ca] and Esclarmunda of Fenollet
1402County of Empúries1416
aged 57–58
Widow of Peter II, ruled for a brief period before the county was annexed to Aragon.
Empúries annexed to Barcelona
James IIthe Unlucky
El Dissortat
1380
Balaguer
First son ofPeter II andMargaret Palaiologina of Montferrat
June 1408 – 31 October 1413County of UrgellIsabella of Aragon
29 June 1407
Valencia
five children
1 June 1433
Xàtiva
aged 52–23
Pretender in the Aragonese War of Succession (1410–12), which caused him the loss of his properties. In 1413 Urgell was annexed to Aragon.
Urgell annexed to theKingdom of Aragon

Catalan Counties under House of Pallars/Bigorre

[edit]

(Note: According to some authors, the county of Pallars (and by extension Ribagorça) aren't exactly part of the Catalan group of counties[16] )

Partitions of the Catalan counties under Bigorre/Pallars dynasty domain

[edit]
County of Pallars
(872-1011)
      County of
Ribagorça

(920-1017)
County of
Upper Pallars

(Pallars Sobirà)
(1011-1487)
[17]
      
County of
Lower Pallars

(Pallars Jussà)
(1011-1192)
Annexed to the
Taifa of Zaragoza
(1017-1018),
Pamplona
(1018-1035)
andAragon
(from 1035)
Annexed toAragon
(from 1192)

Table of rulers

[edit]
RulerBornReignRuling part/
County
ConsortDeathNotes
Raymond Ic.860
(Probable) Son ofLop Donat, Count of Bigorre [it] andFaquilo of Toulouse [ca]
872 – 920County of PallarsGuinigenta
(d.c.865)
five children

A daughter of
Mutarrif ibn Lop [ca]

no children
920
aged 59-60
Possibly a descendant of the Ducal House of Gascony and the Comital House of Toulouse, Raymond was the first known member of the family to rule Pallars.
Bernard I [it]c.890?
First son ofRaymond I and Guinigenta
920 – 955County of RibagorçaToda Galíndez of Aragon [es]
two children
955
aged 64-65
Children of Raymond I, divided their inheritance. The eldest, Bernard, received Ribagorça; the younger ones received Pallars and ruled it together. Bernard was probably the father of the countessAva of Cerdanya.
Loup Ic.890?
Second son ofRaymond I and Guinigenta
920 – 947County of PallarsGoltregoda of Cerdanya
five children
947
aged 56-57
Isarnc.890?
Third son ofRaymond I and Guinigenta
920 – 948Senegunda

Adelaide

two children
(in total)
948
aged 57-58
Raymond II [it]c.930
First son ofLoup I andGoltregoda of Cerdanya
948 – 992County of PallarsUnmarried992
aged 61-62
Children of Loup, Raymond, Borrell and Sunyer ruled jointly. After Borrell's death, his son Ermengol was associated to the co-rulership. After Sunyer's death in 1011, Ermengol was forced out of power by his cousins, sons of Sunyer, who split the county between them.
Borrell Ic.930
Second son ofLoup I andGoltregoda of Cerdanya
948 – 995Ermengard of Rouergue
six children
995
aged 64-65
Sunyer Ic.940
Third son ofLoup I andGoltregoda of Cerdanya
948 – 1011Toda, Countess of Ribagorça
five children
1011
aged 61-62
Ermengol [it]c.970
Son ofBorrell I and Ermengard of Rouergue
995 – 1011Unmarried1030
aged 59-60?
Raymond II [it]c.920
Son ofBernard I [it] andToda Galíndez of Aragon [es]
955 – 970County of RibagorçaGarsenda of Fézensac[18]
six children
970
aged 49-50?
Unifred [it]c.940
First son ofRaymond II [it] andGarsenda of Fézensac
970 – 979County of RibagorçaSancha
one child
979
aged 38-39?
Left no heirs, and was succeeded by his brother.
Arnald [it]c.940
Second son ofRaymond II [it] andGarsenda of Fézensac
979 – 990County of RibagorçaUnmarried990
aged 49-50?
He also left no heirs, and was succeeded by his younger brother.
Isarn [it]c.950
Third son ofRaymond II [it] andGarsenda of Fézensac
990 – 1003County of Ribagorça1003
aged 52-53?
Left no legitimate heirs, and was succeeded by his sister.
Todac.950
Daughter ofRaymond II [it] andGarsenda of Fézensac
1003 – 1011County of RibagorçaSunyer I
five children
1019
aged 68-69?
Abdicated in 1011 to her nephew, illegitimate son of her brother Isarn.
Raymond IIIc.995
First son ofSunyer I andToda, Countess of Ribagorça
1011 – 1047County of Lower PallarsMayor García of Castile [it]
c.1010
(annulled 1020)
no children

Ermesinde
three children
1047
aged 51-52
Children of Sunyer, divided the county of Pallars between them. Through his wife Mayor, Raymond was involved in the Ribagorzan succession, as Mayor was a maternal granddaughter of Raymond II of Ribagorza. However, their divorce placed Raymond on Mayor's opposite side, and supporting the claim ofSancho III of Pamplona.
William II [it]c.995
Second son ofSunyer I andToda, Countess of Ribagorça
1011 – 1035County of Upper PallarsStephanie of Urgell (I) [ca]
four children
1035
aged 39-40
William Isarnc.970
Illegitimate son ofIsarn [it]
1011 – 1017County of RibagorçaUnmarried1017
aged 46-47
William ascended to power, helped by her aunt Toda (who wanted to avoid her husband's intrusion in Ribagorza's affairs) and his cousin, countSancho García of Castile. William divided the county with Mayor, sister of Sancho García (as both were children of Ava, Toda's sister).[19] William's death caused a succession crisis in the county. Mayor García's part was contested by Pamplona, asSancho III of Pamplona was married to Mayor's heir,Muniadona of Castile. Mayor was expelled in 1025, and her part inherited by theKingdom of Pamplona and then by theKingdom of Aragon. William's part, after a brief annexation by the taifa of Zaragoza, also joined Pamplona.
Mayor García of Castile [it]c.970
Daughter ofGarcía Fernández, Count of Castile andAva of Ribagorça
1011 – 1025Raymond III, Count of Lower Pallars
c.1010
(annulled 1020)
no children
1035
aged 46-47
Ribagorça annexed to theTaifa of Zaragoza (1017-1018), theKingdom of Pamplona (1018/1025-1035), and then inherited by theKingdom of Aragon
Bernard II [it]c.1020
First son ofWilliam II [it] andStephanie of Urgell (I) [ca]
1035 – 1049County of Upper PallarsUnmarried1049
aged 28-29
Left no heirs and was succeeded by his brother.
Raymond IVc.1030
Son ofRaymond III and Ermesinde
1047 – 1098County of Lower PallarsValença de Tost [ca]
1056
four children
1098
aged 67-68
Artald Ic.1020
Second son ofWilliam II [it] andStephanie of Urgell (I) [ca]
1049 – 1081County of Upper PallarsConstance
(d.bef.1058)
1050
three children

Lucie of La Marche [ca]
1058
one child
1081
aged 60-61
Artald IIc.1050
Son ofArtald I and Constance
1081 – 1124County of Upper PallarsEslonza Martínez
c.1085
one child
1124
aged 73-74?
Arnaud Raymondc.1060
First son ofRaymond IV andValença de Tost [ca]
1098 – 1111County of Lower PallarsAlmodis of Cerdanya
two children

Adelaide
one child
1111
aged 50-51
Elder children of Raymond IV, ruled jointly.
Peter Raymond [it]c.1060
Second son ofRaymond IV andValença de Tost [ca]
1098 – 1113Unmarried1113
aged 52-53
Bernard Raymond [it]c.1070
Third son ofRaymond IV andValença de Tost [ca]
1113 – 1126County of Lower PallarsToda
one child
1126[20]
aged 53-54
Younger brother of the predecessors.
Artald III [it]c.1090
Son ofArtaud II and Eslonza Martínez
1124 – 1167County of Upper PallarsAgnes
1130
two children

Ximena Pérez d'Alagón [ca]
1135[21]
one child
1167
aged 76-77?
His child from his second wife, Palacín, founded a new branch of the family, which continued the maternal surnameAlagón [es].
Arnaud Miro1113
Son ofArnaud Raymond andAlmodis of Cerdanya
1126 – 1174County of Lower PallarsStephanie of Urgell (II) [ca]
(annulled)
no children

Oria d'Entença
c.1145
two children
1174
aged 60-61
Son of Arnald Raymond.
Artald IV [it]1132
Son ofArtald III [it] and Agnes
1167 – 1182County of Upper PallarsGuillema
c.1170
two children
1182
aged 49-50
Raymond V [it]c.1150
Son ofArnaud Miro andOria d'Entença
1174 – September 1177County of Lower PallarsAnglesa of Cardona
(d.1177)
1167
one child
September 1177
aged 26-27
Regency ofAlphonse II of Aragon (1178-c.1180)[22][23].Left no children. She nominated her grandfather's cousin Douce as her heir.
Valença [it]1167
Daughter ofRaymond V [it] andAnglesa of Cardona
September 1177 – 1182County of Lower PallarsUnmarried1182
aged 14-15
Regency of Guillema (1182-c.1185)Left no children, and was succeeded by his sister.
Bernard III [it]1170
Son ofArtald IV [it] and Guillema
1182 – 1199County of Upper PallarsUnmarried1199
aged 28-29
Douce [it]c.1110
Daughter ofBernard Raymond [it] and Toda
1182 – 1192County of Lower PallarsUnmarried1198
aged 87-88?
Daughter of Bernard Raymond, and the last living member of the Lower Pallars branch. In 1192 she donated the county to theCounty of Barcelona.
Lower Pallars annexed to theCounty of Barcelona
Guillema [it]1180
Daughter ofArtald IV [it] and Guillema
1199 – 1229County of Upper PallarsGuilhem d'Erill
no children

Roger I [it]
1216
no children
1250
Vallbona de les Monges
aged 69-70
Sister of Bernard. Associated her husband to the county in 1216. In 1229, she retired to a monastic life, and left her husband the entire county. As they didn't have children, the Pallars dynasty was deemed extinct after Guillema's death.

Successor families in the County of Upper Pallars

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In 1229, Countess Guillema of Upper Pallars sold her domains to her husband Roger I (grandson ofBernard III, Count of Comminges [ca]), with whom she had no children. The rights were transmitted to the children of Roger's other marriage, and as so with no close family connection with the Pallarese dynasty. However, if the Bigorre family and the Comminges family share an ancestor in theDucal House of Gascony, they may have a distant relation.

In 1327, after the death of countess Sybilla, her inheritance went to her children, from the Mataplana family, which was dispossessed of the county in 1491.

RulerBornReignConsortDeathNotes
House of Comminges (1216-1327)
Roger I [it]1182
Couserans
Son of Roger II, Viscount of Couserans and Sybille of Foix
1216 – 1236Cecilia of Forcalquier
c.1200
two children

Guillema [it]
1216
no children
1240
aged 61-62
Also Viscount of Couserans. Had no children from his second wife, but she left him the county in 1229. He abdicated to his son (from his first wife) in 1236.
Roger II [it]c.1230
Son ofRoger I [it] and Sybille of Saga
1236 – 1256Sybilla of Berga
1234
two children
1256
aged 25-26
Arnald Roger I [it]1236
First son ofRoger II [it] and Sybilla of Berga
1256 – 1288Sancha of Villamur
no children

Lascara Lascaris of Ventimglia [it]
1281
three children
1288
aged 51-52
Raymond Roger I [it]c.1240
Second son ofRoger II [it] and Sybilla of Berga
1288 – 1295Blanca de Bellera
no children
1295
aged 54-55
Sybilla [it]1282
Daughter ofArnald Roger I [it] andLascara Lascaris of Ventimglia [it]
1295 – 1327Hug VII, Lord of Mataplana
1297
seven children
1327
aged 44-45
Through marriage, the county passed to the Catalan Mataplana family.
Mataplana family (1327-1487)
Arnald Roger II [it]1290
First son of Hug VII de Mataplana andSybilla [it]
1327 – 1343Alamanda of Rocabertí
(d.1320/21)
1320
no children

Eleanor of Comminges
1340
no children
1343
aged 52-53
Raymond Roger II [it]1305
Second son of Hug VII de Mataplana andSybilla [it]
1327 – 1343Sybilla of Cardona
1322
six children
1350
aged 44-45
Hugh Roger I [it]1322
Son ofRaymond Roger II [it] andSybilla [it]
1350 – 1366Geralda de Cruïlles
1342
four children
1366
aged 44-45
Arnald Roger III [it]1347
First son ofHugh Roger I [it] and Geralda de Cruïlles
1366 – 1369Beatrice of Requesens
1363
no children
1369
aged 21-22
Hugh Roger II [it]1350
Second son ofHugh Roger I [it] and Geralda de Cruïlles
1369 – 1416Blanche of Foix-Castelbon
1368
eight children
1416
aged 75-76
Roger Bernard [it]1370
Son ofHugh Roger II [it] andBlanche of Foix-Castelbon
1416 – 1424Beatrice of Cardona
1390
two children
1424
aged 53-54
Arnald Roger IV [it]1401
Son ofRoger Bernard [it] andBeatrice of Cardona
1424 – 1451Joana of Cardona
1421
four children
1451
aged 49-50
Hugh Roger III of Pallars Sobirà1430
Son ofArnald Roger IV [it] andJoana of Cardona
1451 – 1491Caterina Albert [ca]
1478
two children
26 November 1508
Xàtiva
aged 77-78?
After a siege ofFerdinand II of Aragon, led byJohn Ramon III, Count of Cardona, the county eventually capitulated to Aragonese domain in 1491.
Upper Pallars annexed to theAragonese House of Trastámara

The House of Trastámara and successors

[edit]
See also:House of Trastámara

House of Trastámara (1412-1516) and the Catalan Civil War (1462-1472)

[edit]
See also:Catalan Civil War

Martin died without legitimate descendants (interregnum 31 May 1410 – 24 June 1412). By theCompromise of Caspe of 1412 the County of Barcelona and the rest of the dominions of theCrown of Aragon passed to a branch of theHouse of Trastamara.

NamePortraitReignNotes
Ferdinand I the Honest3 September 1412 – 2 April 1416He was the nephew of Martin I and the first Count of Barcelona of the House of Trastámara.
Alphonse IV the Magnanimous2 April 1416 – 27 June 1458He was the son of Ferdinand I.
John II the Faithless or the Just27 June 1458 – 1462He was the brother of Alphonse IV. The Catalans confronted him during theCatalan Civil War and in 1462 transferred the title of count to another Trastamara House pretender
During theCatalan Civil War, a war between the Catalan government and the king|John II, the Catalan authorities transferred the title of Count of Barcelona to a succession of 3 foreign sovereigns.
Henry I the Impotent
(House of Trastámara)
1462 - 1463He was the Ferdinand I grandson and thus also from the Trastámara House.
Peter IV of Portugal
(House of Aviz)
1463 – 1466He was the greatgrandson ofPeter III.
René I
(House of Valois-Anjou)
1466 – 1472He was the grandson ofJohn the Hunter. He was also theCount of Provence.
After theCatalan Civil War, theHouse of Trastámara was restituted as tenants of the Count of Barcelona title and thus sovereigns of the Principality of Catalonia.
John II the Faithless or the Just1472 – 20 January 1479He was the brother of Alphonse IV. The Catalans confronted him during theCatalan Civil War and afterward reinstated him as Count of Barcelona.
Ferdinand II20 January 1479 – 23 January 1516He was the son ofJohn II.
Joanna23 January 1516 – 12 April 1555She was the daughter ofFerdinand II. Her rule was nominal as it was his son Charles who co-ruler.

TheHouses of Habsburg and Bourbon 1516-1808

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See also:House of Bourbon
NamePortraitReignNotes
Charles I (emperor)14 March 1516 – 12 April 1555 (as regent)
12 April 1555 – 16 January 1556 (as sole ruler)
He was the son ofQueen Joanna andPhilip I of Castile. Till the death of her mother, in 1555, he was regent but the de facto ruler. From 155 to 1556, he was the sole ruler. As he was not the Count (till her mother died) and had good relations with Catalan authorities, they awarded him the title of Prince of Catalonia.[24]
Philip I16 January 1556 – 13 September 1598He was the son ofCharles I.
Philip II13 September 1598 – 31 March 1621He was the son ofPhilip I.
Philip III31 March 1621 – 1641He was the son ofPhilip II. He wanted to reduce the Catalan sovereignties, and the Catalan authorities confronted him during theReapers' War. The title of Count of Barcelona was transferred by theCatalan Courts to the House of Bourbon in France.
Louis I
(Louis XIII of France)
27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643
1641–1643During theReapers' War, theStates-General (Braços Generals) of thePrincipality of Catalonia on 21 January 1641 declared the French king Louis XIII Count of Barcelona as Louis I.[25][26]
Louis II
(Louis XIV of France)
5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715
1643–1652 and 1697He inherits the title of Count of Barcelona from his father during theReapers' War. In 1652 he renounces the title in favor of Philip III in exchange for theRoussillon.
Philip III1641 – 17 September 1665He was the son ofPhilip II. He was reinstated as Count of Barcelona.
Charles II17 September 1665 – 1 November 1700He was the son ofPhilip III. In 1697 theDuke of Vendôme briefly re-conquers Catalan capital city ofBarcelona, and Louis XIV was reinstated as Count of Barcelona for some months. On January 9, 1698, Catalonia is returned to Charles II after signing theTreaty of Rijswijk.
Philip IV1700 – 1705Philip was a great-grandson ofPhilip III, and Charles was a cousin of the same king.Charles II's testament in favor of the former destabilized Western Europe because it meant too much power for theKingdom of France. The rest of the European powers tried to impose another pretender to theCrown of Spain: theArchduke Charles of Austria. The Catalans were caught in the middle of this major conflict: theSpanish Succession War. They initially supported Philip but afterward shifted their allegiance towardsArchduke Charles, who was committed to maintaining thecomposite monarchy system and thus respect theCatalan Constitutions. In 1714, Philip owned the Spanish possessions of the Habsburgs.
Charles III1705 – 1714

House of Bourbon (Spanish branch) 1714-1808

[edit]
See also:House of Bourbon

In 1714, Catalonia, which had backed theHabsburg pretender to the Spanish crownArchduke Charles of Austria, was defeated in theWar of the Spanish Succession by theBourbon forces supportingPhilip of Anjou's claim to the Spanish crown. Through theNueva Planta decrees, the new Bourbon king of SpainPhilip V abolished theCatalan Constitutions and merged theCrown of Aragon and theCrown of Castile to form theKingdom of Spain. ThePrincipality of Catalonia became another province and thus the title of the Count of Barcelona was emptied of real political power.

Since then, the numbering of the Counts of Barcelona, which had followed that of the Crown of Aragon, followed that of the former Crown of Castille. That is the reason whyPhilip of Anjou was called by the Catalan authorities 'Felip IV' in 1702 but called himself 'Felipe V' when he seized the title of the Count of Barcelona in 1714, after defeating the Habsburg pretender and his Catalan backers.

House of Bonaparte 1808-1813

[edit]
See also:House of Bonaparte

In 1808Charles IV and his sonFerdinand resign from theirCrown of Spain titles and transfer them toEmperor Napoleon, who kept for himself the title of Count of Barcelona. By 1812, once he had full military control over thePrincipality of Catalonia, he separated it from the Crown of Spain and annexed it to theFrench Empire.

NamePortraitReignNotes
Napoleon I, Emperor1808–1813Napoleon annexed Catalonia to the French Empire as4 new departments. In 1813, after much fighting, it was returned to Spain.

House of Bourbon (Reannexation to Spain) 1813-1931; 1975-present day

[edit]
See also:House of Bourbon

After theNapoleonic Wars, Barcelona returned to Spanish domain. During the2nd Spanish Republic andFrancoist Dictatorship the Bourbons remained in exile and retained their dynastic titles, including 'Count of Barcelona'.Although on 26 July 1947, Spain was declared a kingdom, no monarch was designated until 1969, when Franco established Juan Carlos of Bourbon as his official heir-apparent. With the death of Franco on 20 November 1975,Juan Carlos became the King of Spain.

NamePortraitReignNotes
John III
(Juan III)
1977–1993claimed the title from 1941; officially granted by his sonJuan Carlos I as a courtesy in exchange for renouncing his claim to the Spanish throne

Timeline

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References

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  1. ^Lewis, Archibald Ross.The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
  2. ^Between 1231 and 1327, Urgell was in possession of theHouse of Cabrera.
  3. ^Not originally part of the group of the Catalan counties, Provence was inherited by theHouse of Barcelona through marriage.
  4. ^From 1276 united withKingdom of Majorca
  5. ^Fidel Fita i Colomer:Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tomo 40 (1902): Principado de Cataluña - Razón de este nombre:Ya en las cortes del año 1064, que son las primeras de la colección académica, aparece en elUsaje 65 con el nombre dePrincipado la demarcación del territorio al que entonces se aplicaba, es decir al de la vieja Cataluña ó al de los tres condados de Barcelona, Ausona y Gerona, que regían como soberanosD. Ramon Berenguer I y su mujerDoña Almodis
  6. ^Albertí, Elisenda (2007).Dames, reines, abadesses, 18 personalitats femenines a la Catalunya medieval. Archived fromthe original on 2014-11-08. Retrieved2014-11-08.{{cite book}}:|website= ignored (help)
  7. ^William II was engaged withLucie de La Marche in 1054, but the marriage agreement was not fulfilled.
  8. ^Fernández-Xesta Vázquez, Ernesto (2020).Algunos datos, teorías e hipótesis genealógicas relativas a diferentes personajes pertenecientes al linaje de los Vizcondes de Cabrera. Paratge. pp. 215–240.
  9. ^Between 1159 and 1162, Alfonso was engaged withMafalda of Portugal, but the agreement was not fulfilled,
  10. ^The origins of Elvira have been subject to recent scholarly reevaluation. She was once identified as daughter ofManrique Pérez de Lara, but Canal Sánchez-Pagín showed that Ermengol's wife was Elvira Pérez, daughter ofPedro Alfonso of Asturias. However, Sánchez de Mora has presented evidence that Aurembiaix was close kin to the Lara family and suggests that a documented countess Elvira Nuñez de Lara, daughter ofNuño Pérez de Lara, was in fact a second wife of Ermengol, to whom he married after the death of Elvira Pérez, and that Aurembiaix was her daughter. Sánchez de Mora, pp. 300-305.
  11. ^She abdicated for her son in 1209, but as he was a minor until 1220, she can be considered thede facto ruler until 1220
  12. ^Aurembiaix was engaged withJames I of Aragon in 1209, but the marriage contract was not fulfilled.
  13. ^James was engaged withAurembiaix, Countess of Urgell in 1209, but the marriage agreement was not fulfilled.
  14. ^Alfonso III died while Eleanor was travelling to Aragon
  15. ^John was engaged withJeanne-Blanche of France in 1370-1371, but the marriage agreement was not fulfilled.
  16. ^Whether Pallars is referred to as a part ofCatalonia or not depends on the author. Lewis,passim, treats it as independent of Catalonia proper.
  17. ^Upper Pallars came to be inherited by theHouse of Comminges (1229-1330) and theMataplana family (1330-1487)
  18. ^"Textos navarros del Codice de Roda, cap. 27, pag. 55, nota 27 (Regemundus)"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved2024-12-02.
  19. ^Martínez Díez, Gonzalo. (2007). Sancho III el Mayor : Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus. Marcial Pons Ediciones de Historia. ISBN 978-84-15817-42-0. OCLC 847412670.
  20. ^c."#ES Enciclopèdia.cat: Bernat Ramon I de Pallars Jussà".
  21. ^Araldicasardegna: Alagón
  22. ^#ES Enciclopèdia.cat: Valença I de Pallars-Jussà
  23. ^#ES Valença I de Pallars-Jussà[dead link]
  24. ^Testamento de Carlos V,ISBN 84-276-0606-0
  25. ^Grau, Jaume. Pau Claris. Una vida amb misteris (in Catalan). Sàpiens [Barcelona], núm. 121, octubre 2012, p.54-57.ISSN 1695-2014
  26. ^Gelderen, Martin van; Skinner, Quentin (2002).Republicanism: Volume 1, Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe: A Shared European Heritage. Cambridge University Press. p. 284.ISBN 978-1-139-43961-9

Sources

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External links

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Al-Andalus (711-1492)
Lists of monarchs of the Iberian Peninsula
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