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Caroline Buckee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Epidemiologist and Associate Professor

Caroline O'Flaherty Buckee
Born1979 (age 46–47)
Alma materUniversity of Edinburgh
University of York
University of Oxford
SpouseNathan Eagle (former)
Scientific career
FieldsEpidemiology
InstitutionsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
ThesisThe evolution and maintenance of pathogen diversity (2005)
Doctoral advisorSunetra Gupta

Caroline O'Flaherty Buckee (born 1979) is anepidemiologist. She is a Professor ofEpidemiology at theHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Buckee is known for her work indigital epidemiology, where mathematical models track mobile and satellite data to understand the transmission of infectious diseases through populations in an effort to understand the spatial dynamics of disease transmission. Her work examines the implications of conducting surveillance and implementing control programs as a way to understand and predict what will happen when dealing with outbreaks of infectious diseases likemalaria andCOVID-19.[1]

Early life and education

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Growing up, Buckee's family moved around the globe for her father's work in the oil industry, living inAlaska,Norway,Canada, theMiddle East, and theUnited Kingdom.[2] In 2000, Buckee received herBSc degree inzoology from theUniversity of Edinburgh. As an undergraduate, she conducted field research inTanzania in East Africa, where she first encountered amalaria clinic that sparked her interest ininfectious diseases.[2]

Buckee then attended theUniversity of York where she received herMaster of Research (MRes) degree inBioinformatics in 2002. She next began herdoctorate degree at theUniversity of Oxford in 2002, studyingMathematical Epidemiology working under the mentorship ofSunetra Gupta.[2] There, she studied how ecological factors influenced thepopulation dynamics and strain diversity of the bacterium that causesmeningitis,Neisseria meningitidis.[2] She completed her dissertation, entitledThe evolution and maintenance of pathogen diversity, in 2005[3] and received her PhD in 2006.

Career

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Following graduate school, Buckee became apostdoctoral researcher, supported by theWellcome Trust, at theKenya Medical Research Institute. There, she began working with mobile phone location data to understand the effect human migration patterns and onmalaria disease transmission.[4] She then became an Omidyar Fellow at theSanta Fe Institute, a multi-disciplinary nonprofit research institute that focuses on the study ofcomplex adaptive systems, to continue this work.[2]

In 2010, Buckee joined the faculty atHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Her research program centers on understanding how human pathogens spread and how their spread might be controlled using a combination ofgenomics to understand their biology and mathematical modeling techniques to understand and forecast their spread.[5] She is particularly interested in understanding and mitigating the burden ofinfectious diseases among low-income populations.[6] Buckee has become known as a pioneer indigital epidemiology, taking advantage of mobile phone and satellite data to understand patterns of human travel and their impact on the spread of diseases.[7]

Digital epidemiology

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In 2012, Buckee's research group published a study that used mobile phone data to track the spread ofmalaria inKenya.[7] Using data collected from text messages and cell phone calls between June 2008 and 2009, they found patterns of malaria transmission that mapped onto heavily trafficked roads. Thus, her group was able to map transmission risk, demonstrating that data derived from mobile phones were a powerful and low-cost epidemiological tool to better inform and prepare public health officials. Her group later used cell phone data from 40 million users, which was made available by the phone companyTelenor, in a proof of concept study forecastingDengue fever outbreaks inPakistan.[2][8]

Hurricane Maria

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In the wake ofHurricane Maria, which devastatedPuerto Rico in September 2017, Buckee worked with researchers atCarlos Albizu University to estimate the number of fatalities due to the storm.[2][9] She wanted to understand how far off the official death toll was and devised a strategy to arrive at a more accurate estimate. She and her colleagues met in Puerto Rico and surveyed over 3 thousand randomly chosen households to assess the damage and deaths caused by the storm, ultimately estimating the actual death toll was closer to 5,000 between 20 September and 31 December 2017.[9] Their calculated death toll was approximately 73 times the official fatality report.[10]

COVID-19

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Buckee co-leads the COVID-19 Mobility Network, a coalition of infectious disease epidemiologists from over a dozen universities working to understand thecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.[11] The group is now utilising mobility data provided byFacebook's Data for Good program, which released a series of disease prevention maps for research use, both to understand the impact ofsocial distancing measures and to utilise forcontact tracing and disease forecasting.[11][12] In April 2020, she co-authored anop-ed inThe Washington Post noting the various approaches to social distancing taken by different states has created a natural set of experimental conditions with which to test the efficacy of different policies.[13] She and her colleagues have since advocated for the use of aggregated and anonymised mobility data—taking into account appropriate user privacy and security measures—to understand the effectiveness of these different policies, as well as their accompanying public health messaging, in effectively executing large-scale social distancing measures.[14][15][16]

Selected works and publications

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Awards and honors

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References

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  1. ^Glidden, Scott (19 October 2018)."Caroline Buckee, Harvard Data Science Initiative".Harvard Data Science Initiative.
  2. ^abcdefghSweeney, Chris (6 February 2020)."The uses of outrage".Harvard Public Health Magazine. Retrieved21 April 2020.
  3. ^Buckee, Caroline O'Flaherty (2005).The evolution and maintenance of pathogen diversity (Ph.D. thesis). University of Oxford.
  4. ^"The population structure and expression patterns of Plasmodium falciparum var gene repertoires | Wellcome".wellcome.ac.uk. Retrieved22 April 2020.[dead link]
  5. ^Greenwood, Veronique (15 October 2015)."Networks Untangle Malaria's Deadly Shuffle".Quanta Magazine. Retrieved22 April 2020.
  6. ^Buckee, Caroline (January 2017). "Using Cell Phones to Fight Infectious Disease".Trends in Parasitology.33 (1):1–2.doi:10.1016/J.PT.2016.10.011.PMID 27890329.Wikidata ()
  7. ^abcGriggs, Brandon (October 2013)."The CNN 10: Thinkers".CNN. Retrieved21 April 2020.
  8. ^Greenfieldboyce, Nell (8 September 2015)."Cellphone Records Could Help Predict Dengue Outbreak".NPR.org. Retrieved22 April 2020.
  9. ^abHarris, Richard (29 May 2018)."Study Puts Puerto Rico Death Toll From Hurricane Maria Near 5,000".www.wbur.org. Retrieved22 April 2020.
  10. ^Emery, Gene (29 May 2018)."Puerto Rican death toll from Hurricane Maria 73 times official tally: study".Reuters. Retrieved22 April 2020.
  11. ^abLevien, Simon J.; Li, Austin W. (17 April 2020)."Harvard COVID-19 Researchers to Use Facebook Data for Disease Forecasting | News | The Harvard Crimson".www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved22 April 2020.
  12. ^Newton, Casey (6 April 2020)."Facebook begins sharing more location data with COVID-19 researchers and asks users to self-report symptoms".The Verge. Retrieved22 April 2020.
  13. ^Barnett, Michael L.; Buckee, Caroline O.; Grad, Yonatan H. (1 April 2020)."What we need to know before we can end social distancing".The Washington Post. Retrieved21 April 2020.
  14. ^Buckee, Caroline O.; Balsari, Satchit; Chan, Jennifer; Crosas, Mercè; Dominici, Francesca; Gasser, Urs; Grad, Yonatan H.; Grenfell, Bryan; Halloran, M. Elizabeth; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Lipsitch, Marc; Metcalf, C. Jessica E.; Ancel Meyers, Lauren; Perkins, T. Alex; Santillana, Mauricio; Scarpino, Samuel V.; Viboud, Cecile; Wesolowski, Amy; Schroeder, Andrew (10 April 2020)."Aggregated mobility data could help fight COVID-19".Science.368 (6487):145–146.Bibcode:2020Sci...368..145B.doi:10.1126/science.abb8021.PMID 32205458.Wikidata ()
  15. ^Leung, Gabriel (6 April 2020)."Opinion: Lockdown Can't Last Forever. Here's How to Lift It".The New York Times.
  16. ^Knight, Will (18 March 2020)."The Value and Ethics of Using Phone Data to Monitor Covid-19".Wired.
  17. ^"Caroline Buckee - For using metadata to fight disease".Foreign Policy. 2013. Retrieved21 April 2020.
  18. ^"Caroline Buckee".MIT Technology Review. Retrieved21 April 2020.

External links

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