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| Calycanthaceae | |
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| Calycanthus floridus | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Calycanthaceae Lindl.[2] |
| Genera | |
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TheCalycanthaceae (sweetshrubs orspicebushes) are a smallfamily offlowering plants in the orderLaurales. The family contains three genera and only 10 known species[3], restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions:
| Calycanthaceae |
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They are aromatic,deciduousshrubs growing to 2–4 m tall, except forIdiospermum, which is a largeevergreentree. Theflowers are white to red, with spirally arrangedtepals. DNA-based phylogenies indicate the Northern HemisphereCalycanthus andChimonanthus diverged from each other in the mid-Miocene, while the AustralianIdiospermum had already diverged by the Upper Cretaceous and likely represents a remnant of a formerGondwanan distribution of Calycanthaceae.
The oldest definitive fossil of the family isJerseyanthus from theTuronian ofNew Jersey; the even earlierAraripia from theAptian ofBrazil andVirginianthus from theAlbian ofVirginia may also represent members of the family, but may also be stem-Calycanthaceae or more basal Laurales.[1] In 2024,Araripia was placed in its own order,Araripiaceae.[4]
In theAPG IV system of 2016, Calycanthaceae is placed in the Laurales order in themagnoliids clade.[5]
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