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Bungandidj language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Australian Aboriginal language

Bungandidj
Buwandik
RegionSouth-eastSouth Australia
South-westVictoria
EthnicityBungandidj
Extinct(date missing)
Revivalby 2017
Pama–Nyungan
  • Southeastern
    • Victorian
      • Kulin–Bungandidj
        • Bungandidj
Dialects
  • Bungandidj
  • Pinejunga
  • Mootatunga
  • Wichintunga
  • Polinjunga[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xbg
Glottologbung1264
AIATSIS[2]S13
ELPBuandig

Bungandidj is a language ofAustralia, spoken by theBungandidj people,Indigenous Australians who lived in an area which is now in south-easternSouth Australia and in south-westernVictoria. According toChristina Smith and her book on the Buandig people, the Bungandidj called their languagedrualat-ngolonung (speech of man), orBooandik-ngolo (speech of the Booandik).[3] As of 2017, there is a revival and maintenance programme under way for the language.[4]

Historical variants of the name include:Bunganditj,Bungandaetch,Bunga(n)daetcha,Bungandity,Bungandit,Buganditch,Bungaditj,Pungantitj,Pungatitj,Booganitch,Buanditj,Buandik,Booandik,Boandiks,Bangandidj,Bungandidjk,Pungandik,Bak-on-date,Barconedeet,Booandik-ngolo,Borandikngolo,Bunganditjngolo, andBurhwundeirtch.

Phonology

[edit]

Bungandidj phonology is typical of Australian languages generally, sharing characteristics such as a single series of stops (no voicing contrast) at six places of articulation, a full corresponding set of nasals, laminals at all four coronal places of articulation and two glides.[5] Extrapolating from historical written sources and knowledge of surrounding languages, Blake posits the following consonant inventory:[5]

Consonants

[edit]
PeripheralLaminalApical
BilabialVelarDentalPalatalAlveolarRetroflex
Plosivep[p]k[k]th[]tj[c]t[t]rt[ʈ]
Nasalm[m]ng[ŋ]nh[]ny[ɲ]n[n]rn[ɳ]
Flap/Trillrr[r]
Laterallh[]ly[ʎ]l[l]rl[ɭ]
Approximantw[w]y[j]r[ɻ]

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closei[i]u[u]
Opena[a]

Notes on orthography

[edit]
  • Early descriptions of Bungandidj made no distinction between the trill/flap/r/ and approximant/ɻ/ and evidence for this contrast is based on comparative evidence only. Blake transcribes both as⟨r⟩.[5]
  • Although there is no voicing distinction, stops are transcribed with voiced symbols⟨b, g, dh, d, rd⟩ in homorganic nasal-stop clusters (where voicing is expected).[5]
  • Syllable-final palatals are transcribed with the digraphs⟨yt, yn, yl⟩ to avoid a final -y being confused with a vowel.[5]
  • Historical sources include five vowel graphemes including⟨e⟩ and⟨o⟩; however, it is likely that⟨e⟩ belongs to the/i/ phoneme and⟨o⟩ belongs to the/u/ phoneme. However, Blake conservatively retains some⟨e⟩ and⟨o⟩ segments where they are consistently transcribed in this way across historical sources.

A poem

[edit]

Smith (1880), on pages 138–139, records a poem written in Bungandidj :[3]

yul-yul, thumbal (Fly beetle, bat, night)
kallaball, moonarerebul (Fly, march-fly, beetle)
nana nan molanin (parrot, little parrot.)
korotaa, king nal (wattle bird,)
yongo birrit. (minah bird.)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Dixon, R. M. W. (2002).Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxv.
  2. ^S13 Bungandidj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  3. ^abChristina Smith,The Booandik Tribe of South Australian Aborigines: A Sketch of Their Habits, Customs, Legends, and Language, Spiller, 1880
  4. ^Monaghan, Paul (2017)."1. Structures of Aboriginal life at the time of colonisation in South Australia"(PDF). In Brock, Peggy; Gara, Tom (eds.).Colonialism and its aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia. Extract, pp.i-xxiii. Wakefield. p. 17.ISBN 9781743054994.
  5. ^abcdeBlake, Barry J. (2003).The Bunganditj (Buwandik) language of the Mount Gambier region. Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.ISBN 9780858834958.OCLC 56054287.
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