Lower part of the Hudson Palisades, New Jersey, United States
Rail routes across Bergen Hill and their terminals ca. 1900 Bergen Hill refers to the lowerHudson Palisades inNew Jersey , where they emerge onBergen Neck ,[ 1] Hackensack andHudson Rivers , and their bays. InHudson County , it reaches a height of 260 feet.[ 2]
Western portals of Bergen Hill Tunnels, Long Dock Tunnel, Bergen Arches, and Route 1 Extension Western portal of North River Tunnels Artificial features of Bergen Hill include the 19th century and early 20th century railroadrights-of-way .Cuts andtunnels created to provide access to the terminals and ferries on theNorth River (Hudson River) andUpper New York Bay , and eventually under the river. From south to north they are:
Freight in Bergen Hill Cut TheBergen Hill Cut (1838)- opened byNew Jersey Rail Road and Transportation Company , eventually toPennsylvania Railroad toPRR Station atExchange Place orHarsimus Branch along theHarsimus Stem Embankment toHarsimus Cove . Now used byPATH Journal Square andNewark lines.[ 4] The Erie Cut (1910), whose portals are known as theBergen Arches -Erie Railroad toPavonia Terminal , now unused.[ 5] TheLong Dock Tunnel (1860)- the first Erie Cut, nowConrail Shared Assets (CRCX) freight line[ 6] [ 7] TheBergen Tunnels (1876) & (1908) underJersey City Heights , built byMorris and Essex Railroad and theDelaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad , Later, theErie Lackawanna , and now,New Jersey Transit rail lines toHoboken Terminal .[ 8] [ 9] [ 7] [ 10] 9th Street-Congress Street (HBLR station) provides elevator service between the platform inHoboken andPaterson Plank Road inJersey City Heights .The never-builtAccess to the Region's Core project included a tunnel that would have connectedSecaucus Junction with an expandedPennsylvania Station . TheGateway Program , aNortheast Corridor infrastructure expansion project includes a tunnel from its portal in North Bergen to Weehawken Cove, under the Hudson River to New York Penn. TheNorth River Tunnels (1910), part of the Northeast Corridor their western entrance called the Bergen Portal[ 11] Liberty Place inWeehawken , was a cut and tunnel for the rail line connecting the waterfront elevator to the entrance of 19th centuryEldorado Park , later used by theNorth Hudson Railway streetcar lines.[ 12] Weehawken Tunnel , (1861)West Shore Railroad , now part of theHudson Bergen Light Rail [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] Edgewater Tunnel (1894)[ 16] [ 17] New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway cut and tunnel; the western portal Is inFairview and the east end inEdgewater [ 18] [ 19] TheNorth Hudson County Railway or its predecessor was responsible for many of the innovative engineering works which madestreetcar travel on the east face of Bergen Hill possible, includingfunicular wagon lifts, aninclined elevated , a luxuriouselevator ,horseshoe curves , andviaducts .[citation needed
Other major excavations and structures for vehicular traffic have significantly altered Bergen Hill.Kennedy Boulevard atJournal Square andJournal Square Transportation Center both span the large ravine created there.The divided highway connecting thePulaski Skyway to theHolland Tunnel runs parallel to theLong Dock Tunnel . TheLincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix connects theLincoln Tunnel , which itself enters the Palisades before submerging under theHudson River .Paterson Plank Road , theWing Viaduct ,Hackensack Plank Road ,Pershing Road ,Gorge Road are located on the face of the cliffs.Shippen Street inWeehawken is small street that makes a doublehairpin turn .[citation needed
Jersey City section [ edit ] Bergen Hill, Jersey City has sometimes been called colloquially "The Hill",[ 20] The Bergen Hill Historic District [ 21] Jersey City Medical Center (which since 2005 is being renovated and restored as an emerging neighborhood known asBeacon ) and theJersey City High School .Summit Avenue , which starts at The Junction in theBergen-Lafayette Section follows the route of a path used byNative Americans from their settlement atCommunipaw , and was used byNew Netherlanders from that village on the bay to the one on the ridge atBergen . It intersectedNewark Plank Road , an early colonial "turnpike" which ran fromPaulus Hook over the hill, atFive Corners , and continued north throughBergen Woods ,[ 22] Paterson Plank Road andHackensack Plank Road .[citation needed
^ Manchester, James G. (1919)."The Minerals of the Bergen Archways" .American Mineralogist .4 :107– 116.Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2012 . ^ "Hudson County High Point, New Jersey" .Peakbagger.com .^ "Pennsylvania Railroad cut, Mt Pleasant, Bergen Hill, Jersey City, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA" .Mindat.org . Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. RetrievedNovember 11, 2009 .^ Bulger, Teresa D. (May 7, 2019)."Feats of Engineering: Bridging the Hackensack River and Cutting through Bergen HillDocumentation for Three Historic Resources that Help Move Commerce and Commuters throughout the Port of New York and New Jersey" (PDF) . NJDOT.Archived (PDF) from the original on October 29, 2020. RetrievedMay 5, 2020 . ^ Karnoutsos, Carmela."Bergen Arches" .Jersey City Past and Present . New Jersey City University. Archived fromthe original on January 6, 2017. ^ "Stone above Long Dock Tunnel" . Archived fromthe original on October 14, 2013.^a b "The New Bergen Tunnel" (PDF) .New York Times . May 12, 1877.Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2021. RetrievedJune 13, 2018 .^ French, Kenneth (2002).Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City . Images of Rail. Arcadia Publishing. p. 125.ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2 ^ NJ Transit (May 10, 2001)."NJ Transit to Begin Rehabilitation of Aging Bergen Tunnel in Early Summer" (Press release). Archived fromthe original on October 19, 2011. RetrievedOctober 4, 2010 . ^ "Bergen Tunnel" .Bergen Hill Tunnel & Waldo Yard Tunnel .Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. RetrievedAugust 22, 2014 .^ "Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910The Bergen Hill Tunnels. Paper No. 1154" .Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers .LXVIII . September 1910.Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. RetrievedMarch 29, 2015 – via Project Gutenberg.^ "A Substantial El Dorado; Weehawken's Counterpart of the City of Gold" (PDF) .New York Times . July 17, 1892.Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2021. RetrievedJune 13, 2018 .^ "Design and Construction of the Weehawken Tunnel and Bergenline Avenue Station for the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Transit System" .TRB Publications Index . The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine. November 2003.Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2017 .^ "New York - West Shore & Buffalo RR tunnel, Weehawken, Bergen Hill, Hudson Co., New Jersey, USA" .Mindat.org . Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.Archived from the original on March 15, 2011. RetrievedNovember 11, 2009 .^ "at western portal" .State of New Jersey .[permanent dead link ^ "Palisades Tunnel completed" .New York Times . May 14, 1894.Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. RetrievedJuly 27, 2018 .(subscription required) ^ "The Palisades Tunnel; It May Be Completed Before the Year Ends" (PDF) .New York Times . March 17, 1893.Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2021. RetrievedJune 13, 2018 .^ "Palisades Tunnel" .New York Times . Archived fromthe original on May 15, 2003.^ "New York - Susquehanna & Western Railroad tunnel, Edgewater, Bergen Co., New Jersey, USA" .Mindat.org . Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. RetrievedNovember 11, 2009 .^ "Jersey City History" .City of Jersey City .[permanent dead link ^ "Bergen Hill Historic District map" .City of Jersey City .Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. RetrievedJune 25, 2009 .^ Olszewski, Anthony (2002)."From Before the Revolutionary War! Jersey City's Oldest House" .City of Jersey City .Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2009 .
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