Dame Barbara Windsor | |
|---|---|
Windsor in 2010 | |
| Born | Barbara Ann Deeks (1937-08-06)6 August 1937 Shoreditch,London, England |
| Died | 10 December 2020(2020-12-10) (aged 83) Stanmore, London, England |
| Resting place | Golders Green Crematorium |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1950–2017[1] |
| Spouses | |
recorded in 2012, as part of anaudio description of the Theatre Royal Stratford East forVocalEyes | |
Dame Barbara Windsor (bornBarbara Ann Deeks; 6 August 1937 – 10 December 2020)[2] was an English actress. She was known for her roles in theCarry On films and for playingPeggy Mitchell in theBBC One soap operaEastEnders.[3] She joined the cast ofEastEnders in 1994 and won the 1999British Soap Award for Best Actress, before leaving the show in 2016.
Windsor began her career on stage in 1950 at the age of 13, and made her film debut as a schoolgirl inThe Belles of St. Trinian's (1954) while studying shipping management at Bow Technical College.[4] She received aBAFTA Award nomination for the filmSparrows Can't Sing (1963), and aTony Award nomination for the 1964Broadway production ofOh, What a Lovely War!. In 1972, she starred oppositeVanessa Redgrave in theWest End production ofThe Threepenny Opera.
Between 1964 and 1974, she appeared in nine Carry On films, includingCarry On Spying (1964),Carry On Doctor (1967),Carry On Camping (1969),Carry On Henry (1971), andCarry On Abroad (1972). She also co-presented the 1977 Carry On compilationThat's Carry On!. Windsor also starred in all four "Carry On Christmas" Thames TV specials, and appeared in both series of the 1975 ATV sitcom "Carry On Laughing". Outside of Carry On, her other film roles includedA Study in Terror (1965),Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), and as the voice ofMallymkun, the Dormouse inAlice in Wonderland (2010) andAlice Through the Looking Glass (2016).
Windsor was made a Dame (DBE) in the2016 New Year Honours for services to charity and entertainment. She was awarded theBritish Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement in 2010, as well as theFreedom of the City of London in 2010.
Windsor was born on 6 August 1937 inShoreditch,London (though her birth was registered inStepney),[5] the only child of John Deeks, a bus driver, and his wife, Rose (née Ellis), a dressmaker.[6] The family lived on Angela Street. Her maternal great-grandmother was the daughter ofIrish immigrants who fled toGreat Britain fromIreland between 1846 and 1851 in order to escape theGreat Famine.[7]
In 1939, at the start ofWorld War II, Windsor's father was called up for the war, so Windsor and her mother went to live with her mother's family in Yoakley Road,Stoke Newington, where Windsor attended St Mary's Infants' School in nearby Lordship Road.[6][8]
Windsor's mother initially refused to let her be evacuated, but conceded after one of Windsor's school friends was killed by a bomb during anair raid.[9] Aged 6, Windsor was evacuated toBlackpool to live with a couple, but they attempted tosexually abuse her.[6] A neighbour heard Windsor's screams and alerted the authorities. The couple were arrested and were found to not be married, but to be brother and sister.[10]
Windsor moved in with a schoolfriend and her parents, although they struggled to cope with her loud behaviour. They sent Windsor to dancing school, which sparked her interest in performing, although one night after a class, Windsor found her friend's father kissing another woman in a bus shelter.[11] Humiliated by this, Windsor was sent back to London in 1944 along with a note from her dance teacher which read: "Barbara is a born show-off who loves to perform."[6]
Impressed by this, Windsor's mother sent her to Madame Behenna's Juvenile Jollities, a drama school at which she appeared in several charity concerts and pantomimes. After the war, she passed her11-plus exams, gaining the top mark in North London, and earned ascholarship for a place atOur Lady's Catholic High School, Stamford Hill,[6] although she was expelled because she argued with thereverend mother after the latter refused to let Windsor have time off to appear in a pantomime.[12]
Windsor moved to theAida Foster School,Golders Green, and tookelocution lessons. When Windsor's father came to watch a performance, she was ridiculed by the others as her father had begun working as atrolley bus conductor and had come in his uniform. Enraged, Windsor covered the girls in theatrical face powder, throwing more over the chaperone who tried to stop her.[13] Despite this, Windsor was chosen to appear in the chorus of the successful musicalLove From Judy in theWest End in 1952, which ran for two years.[14] Her stage name of "Windsor" was inspired by theCoronation of Elizabeth II in 1953.[15] By the time she was 16, Windsor's parents divorced, and she was unwillingly made to testify against her father in court. Because custody of her had been awarded to her mother following the divorce, Windsor's father ceased all contact with Windsor, and would ignore her if he saw her in the street for many years afterwards.[16]
Windsor made her film debut as an uncredited extra in 1954 playing a schoolgirl inThe Belles of St. Trinians;[17] she followed this with several other uncredited roles until she appeared inToo Hot to Handle (1960) withJayne Mansfield. According to Windsor, Mansfield demanded that she appear at the back of the scene they shared, as she was worried Windsor's blonde hair and large chest would overshadow her own.[18] After this, Windsor made her television debut whenJohnny Brandon, with whom Windsor had starred inLove from Judy, asked her to appear in his television seriesDreamer's Highway. Windsor later appeared in musical showsVariety Parade,The Jack Jackson Show, andSix-Five Special, regularly singing with bands. She then became a regular cabaret act atRonnie Scott's Jazz Club in Soho, and went on to do the same at the Winston's club alongsideDanny La Rue andAmanda Barrie.[6][19]
After joiningJoan Littlewood'sTheatre Workshop at the Theatre Royal, Stratford East,[20] she came to prominence in their 1959 stage productionFings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be[20] and Littlewood's filmSparrows Can't Sing (1963), achieving a BAFTA nomination forBest British Film Actress.[21] She also appeared in the comedy filmsCrooks in Cloisters (1964) andSan Ferry Ann (1965),[22] the thriller filmA Study in Terror (1965), the fantasy filmChitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) andKen Russell's musical filmThe Boy Friend (1971), and the TV sitcomsThe Rag Trade andWild, Wild Women.[23]
Windsor came to prominence with her portrayals of a "good-time girl"[24] in nineCarry On films. Her first wasCarry On Spying in 1964 and her final one wasCarry On Dick in 1974.[25] She also appeared in severalCarry On... television and compilation specials between 1964 and 1977.[26]
One of her best known scenes was inCarry On Camping (1969), where her bikini top flew off during outdoor aerobic exercises. In typical Carry On style, exposure is implied, but little is, in fact, seen.[27]
From 1973 to 1975, she appeared with several of theCarry On team in the West End revueCarry On London!.[28]
She was strongly identified with the Carry On films for many years, which restricted the roles she was offered later in her career.[29]
Windsor starred onBroadway in theTheatre Workshop'sOh, What a Lovely War! and received a 1965Tony Award nomination forBest Featured Actress in a Musical.[6] She also appeared in several stage productions includingLionel Bart's musical flopTwang!! (1965) (directed byJoan Littlewood),The Beggar's Opera (1967),Come Spy with Me (1966–67) withDanny La Rue and in 30 pantomimes between 1950 and 2011.[6]
In 1970, she landed the role of music hall legendMarie Lloyd in the musical-biopicSing A Rude Song. In 1972, she appeared in the West End inTony Richardson'sThe Threepenny Opera with Vanessa Redgrave. In 1975, she toured the UK,New Zealand, and South Africa in her own show,Carry On Barbara!, and followed this with the role of Maria inTwelfth Night at theChichester Festival Theatre.[6]
In 1981, she played sex-mad landlady Kath inJoe Orton's black comedyEntertaining Mr Sloane at theLyric Hammersmith, directed by her friendKenneth Williams. She reprised the role for a national tour with theNational Theatre in 1993 co-starringJohn Challis ofOnly Fools and Horses fame.[30]

WhenEastEnders was launched in 1985, the producers said they would not cast well-known actors (althoughWendy Richard was a rare exception). Windsor has said that she would have liked to have been part of the original cast.[31] By 1994, this policy was relaxed, and Windsor accepted an offer to joinEastEnders. She took over the role ofPeggy Mitchell (who was previously a minor character played byJo Warne in 1991). Peggy was the widowed mother of established key characters Phil and Grant Mitchell, and younger sister Samantha. For this role, she received theBest Actress award at the1999 British Soap Awards,[32] and aLifetime Achievement Award at the2009 British Soap Awards.[6]
A debilitating case of theEpstein–Barr virus forced a two-year absence from the role between 2003 and 2005, although Windsor was able to make a two-episode guest appearance in 2004. She rejoined the cast full-time in the summer of 2005. In October 2009, Windsor announced she was to leave her role as Peggy Mitchell, saying she wanted to spend more time with her husband.[33] On 10 September 2010, her character leftAlbert Square after a fire destroyedthe Queen Victoria pub, of which she was the owner.[34]
In July 2013, it was announced that Windsor was to return for one episode, which aired on 20 September 2013.[35] She again returned for a single episode on 25 September 2014,[36] and made a further appearance forEastEnders 30th anniversary on 17 February 2015.[37] In February 2015, Windsor, along withPam St Clement (Pat Evans), took part inEastEnders: Back to Ours to celebrate 30 years ofEastEnders. Windsor and St. Clement looked back on some of their characters' most dramatic moments.[38]
In November 2015, Windsor secretly filmed a return toEastEnders, which was shown in January 2016. After this, the character was confirmed to be killed off later in the year. This was Windsor's decision, as she said that she would always be open to a return to the show unless bosses decided to kill the character off.[39] Her last appearance aired onBBC One on 17 May 2016.[40] On 25 January 2022, by which time Windsor had died, an episode aired in which Peggy's sonPhil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) hears his mother's voice giving him advice. The scene was made using archived audio from previous episodes.[41]
Windsor hosted two series of the BBC documentaryDisaster Masters in 2005.[42] She provided the voice of the Dormouse in Walt Disney's live-action adaptation ofLewis Carroll'sAlice in Wonderland (2010), directed byTim Burton.[43] Windsor starred in the pantomimeDick Whittington at theBristol Hippodrome over the Christmas/New Year period of 2010/2011.[44] In September 2010, it was announced that Windsor would be fronting a TV campaign for online bingo site Jackpotjoy as the Queen of Bingo.[45] She appeared as herself in one episode ofCome Fly with Me in January 2011.[46]

From 2011 onwards, she regularly did presenting work forBBC Radio 2 music and showbusiness history programmes, and also was a regular stand in forElaine Paige onElaine Paige on Sunday. She reprised her voice role of the Dormouse in the filmAlice Through the Looking Glass (2016).[47]
In 2016, Windsor was invited to switch on theBlackpool Illuminations 57 years after her co-star in the filmToo Hot to Handle,Jayne Mansfield, had performed the task during a break in filming.[48]
In May 2017, Windsor appeared in a cameo role as herself inBBC Television'sbiopic about her life,Babs, written byEastEnders scriptwriterTony Jordan. It showed Windsor in the 1990s as she prepared to go on stage, and recalled events from her life, including her childhood, marriage to gangsterRonnie Knight, and her roles in the Carry On films.[49]
Windsor was married three times, and had no children. She was married to:
Prior to her marriage to Knight, Windsor had aone-night stand withEast End criminalReggie Kray, and a longer relationship with his older brotherCharlie Kray.[53] During the time of making her laterCarry On films, she had a well-publicised affair with her fellow actor and co-starSid James, which lasted three years, until 1976.[2] Windsor was initially disinterested in James, 24 years her senior, but later stated that she thought she would have sex with him once, and then he would leave her alone;[54] however, James reportedly became obsessed with Windsor and suffocatingly possessive of her, to the extent that during theCarry On London! stage show, he shouted atBernard Bresslaw because he had helped Windsor off the stage, the only reason being that Bresslaw had touched Windsor.[55]
James, who, like Windsor, was also already married, would send her a dozen red roses with a note attached with the words "Love Romeo", and even arranged to see her in Australia during herCarry On Barbara one-woman show, as he could not bear to be without her.[56] He would also state his love for her in public and to Windsor's friends, but after the affair began damaging Windsor's mental health, she ended it. Devastated by her decision, James became depressed and started to drinkwhisky; he died soon afterwards from aheart attack.[57]
Another of Windsor'sCarry On co-stars,Kenneth Williams, accompanied Windsor and Knight on their honeymoon, also bringing his mother and sister with him.[58]
Windsor also datedGary Crosby in the 1960s[59] and had brief sexual encounters withVictor Mature,[59]Anthony Newley,[60]Ronnie Scott,[61]James Booth,[62]George Best[63] andMaurice Gibb,[64] the latter two while she was still married. In the late 1950s, Windsor became engaged to singer Cliff Lawrence, but he physically beat her.[59] In her autobiography,All of Me, Windsor stated that she often turned up at Winston's, the club where she sang, with a black eye, and detailed one occasion when Lawrence dragged her down the street by her hair.[59] Windsor ended the relationship, and then started dating Knight. Windsor said that Lawrence would spy on her and Knight fromtelephone boxes, only leaving them alone after Knight threatened him.[65]
In her autobiography, Windsor discussed her fiveabortions: three in her 20s, and the last at the age of 42. She said that she never wanted children as a result of her father rejecting her after her parents' divorce.[66]
Windsor was best friends with fellow actressAnna Karen, whom she met while filmingCarry On Camping and who later went on to playPeggy Mitchell's sisterAunt Sal inEastEnders on and off for 20 years.[67]
Windsor was friends withAmy Winehouse, and in 2012 became a patron of theAmy Winehouse Foundation.[68] In 2014, Windsor unveiled a statue of Winehouse inCamden Market.
In April 2014, Windsor was diagnosed withAlzheimer's disease. She chose not to make news of the condition public, but it was known to her friends and colleagues. On 10 May 2018, Windsor's husband, Scott Mitchell, publicly revealed her condition.[69] In January 2019, Mitchell and some of Windsor's former co-stars fromEastEnders announced that they would be running theLondon Marathon in aid of adementia campaign.[70] Mitchell said that Windsor's health and mental state had been deteriorating, and she had moments when she no longer recognised him.[71]
On Windsor's 82nd birthday in August 2019, she and Mitchell became ambassadors for theAlzheimer's Society. On the same day, Mitchell and Windsor appeared in a video for the charity, in which Windsor said, "Unite with me, against dementia". Mitchell highlighted the problems many face with the disease, and urged viewers to sign a letter toPrime MinisterBoris Johnson, saying he "urgently needs to address these challenges."[72] In August 2020,BBC News reported that Windsor had been moved into acare home in London.[73]
Windsor died at Anita Dorfman House, aJewish Care home inStanmore, North West London, on 10 December 2020, aged 83.[74][75][76]
The next episode ofEastEnders, broadcast on 11 December 2020, was dedicated to Windsor's memory. As well as this, the 2017 biopicBabs, which documented Windsor's life, was also broadcast.[77] Among those who paid tributes to her were herEastEnders co-stars, entertainers, politicians including then Prime Minister Boris Johnson, former Prime MinisterDavid Cameron, the thenLeader of the OppositionKeir Starmer and members of theRoyal family,Prince William, Duke of Cambridge – who described Windsor as "a true national treasure ... a giant of the entertainment world" – andCharles, Prince of Wales with his wifeCamilla, Duchess of Cornwall.[78][79][80]
Windsor's funeral took place on 8 January 2021. Her body was cremated atGolders Green Crematorium. The service was attended byAnna Karen,Christopher Biggins,Ross Kemp,David Walliams andMatt Lucas, amongst others, although numbers were limited due to theCOVID-19 pandemic. Floral decorations on Windsor's coffin spelled out the words "The Dame", "Saucy" (Windsor's catchphrase in theCarry On films) and "The Queen Peggy". Windsor's funeral programme featured the famous photo of her inCarry On Camping, a photo that she said "will follow me right to the end".[81]
Windsor was played bySamantha Spiro inTerry Johnson's playCleo, Camping, Emmanuelle and Dick, which premiered at theNational Theatre in 1998.[82] Rachel Clarke took over the role of Windsor in the touring production of the play in 2001.[83] Spiro reprised the role in the subsequent TV film adaptation,Cor, Blimey! (2000). The latter also featured a cameo appearance from Windsor, playing herself.[84]
In the 2006 BBC television filmKenneth Williams: Fantabulosa!, Windsor was again played by Rachel Clarke.[85] Spiro reprised her role as Windsor in the TV biopicBabs in 2017, withJaime Winstone andHonor Kneafsey playing younger versions of Windsor.[86]
Windsor was appointedMember of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the2000 New Year Honours, and in the same year she was the first person to be inducted into the newly created BBC Hall of Fame.[87] In August 2010 she was given theFreedom of the City of London,[88] and in November 2010 she was honoured by theCity of Westminster at a tree-planting and plaque ceremony.[89]
She was inducted into theHackney Empire Walk of Fame on 25 May 2017.[90][91]
Windsor was appointedDame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the2016 New Year Honours for services to charity and entertainment.[92][93]
In November 2014, she was awarded an honorary doctorate from theUniversity of East London.[94]
| Country | Date | Appointment | Post-nominal letters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–2016 | Member of Order of the British Empire (Civil Division) | MBE | |
| 2016–10 December 2020 | Dame Commander of Order of the British Empire (Civil Division) | DBE |
| Location | Date | School | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015–10 December 2020 | Royal Central School of Speech and Drama | Honorary Fellow[95] |
| Location | Date | School | Degree | Gave Commencement Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 November 2014 | University of East London | Doctor of Arts (D.Arts)[96][97] | Yes[98] |
| Years | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1954–1955 | Dreamer's Highway | Unknown | 2 episodes | [105] |
| 1961–1963 | The Rag Trade | Gloria | 15 episodes | [26] |
| 1962 | The Edgar Wallace Mystery Theatre | Babs Newton | Episode: "Death Trap" | [26] |
| A Christmas Night with the Stars | Gloria | The Rag Trade segment | [106] | |
| 1963 | The Plane Makers | Marlene | Episode: "Any More for the Skylark?" | [107] |
| The Rag Trade | Judy | 8 episodes | [26] | |
| 1964 | Comedy Playhouse | Cynthia Spooner | Episode: "The Hen House" | [108] |
| Two Plus Two | Louella | Episode: "A Funny Thing Happened To Me on My Way To the Altar" | [26] | |
| 1965 | The Des O'Connor Show | Nurse | Episode: #2.1 | [108] |
| 1967 | Before the Fringe | Various | 2 episodes | [108] |
| 1968 | Dad's Army | Laura la Plaz | Episode: "Shooting Pains" | [26] |
| Ooh La La! | Chiquette/Giboulette | 2 episodes | [109][110] | |
| 1968–1969 | Wild, Wild Women | Millie | All 7 episodes | [26] |
| 1969 | The Rolf Harris Show | Maid Marion | Episode #3.12 | [105] |
| Carry On Christmas | Various | TV film | [26] | |
| 1970 | Comedy Playhouse | Polly | Episode: "Meter Maids" | [108] |
| Up Pompeii! | Nymphia | Episode: "Guess Who's Coming to Sin'Er Nymphia" | [108] | |
| Carry On Christmas | Jim Hawkins | TV film | [26] | |
| 1972 | Carry On Christmas | Various | TV film | [26] |
| 1973 | Ooh La La! | The Shrimp | Episode: "The Lady from Maxims" | [105] |
| The Bob Monkhouse Offensive | Stripper | TV film | [26] | |
| Carry On Christmas | Various | TV film | [26] | |
| The Punch Review | Various | Episode: #1.3 | [105] | |
| Whodunnit? | Panelist | TV Game Show | [26] | |
| 1975 | Carry On Laughing | Vera Basket | Episode: "The Prisoner of Spenda" | [26] |
| Marie | Episode: "The Baron Outlook" | [26] | ||
| Sarah | Episode: "The Sobbing Cavalier" | [26] | ||
| Lady Miranda | Episode: "Orgy and Bess" | [26] | ||
| Maisie | Episode: "The Nine Old Cobblers" | [26] | ||
| Lottie | Episode: "Who Needs Kitchener?" | [26] | ||
| Lady Mary | Episode: "Lamp-Posts of the Empire" | [26] | ||
| 1976 | The Mike Reid Show | Various | Episode: #1.0 | [26] |
| 1980 | Both Ends Meet | Doris White | TV pilot | [26] |
| Worzel Gummidge | Saucy Nancy | 4 episodes | [26] | |
| 1983 | Carry On Laughing's Christmas Classics | Barbara Windsor | TV film | [26] |
| 1987 | Filthy Rich & Catflap | Mum | Episode #1.1 | [26] |
| Super Gran | Ethel | Episode: "Supergran and the Heir Apparent" | [26] | |
| The Grand Knockout Tournament | Lady Knock of Alton | Television special | [111] | |
| 1988 | The Nephew | Aunty Vicky | 3 episodes | [26] |
| Terry in Pantoland | Various | TV film | [112] | |
| 1989 | Norbert Smith: A Life | Greenham Women's Leader | TV film | [26] |
| Bluebirds | Mabel Fletcher | 6 episodes | [113] | |
| 1990 | Family Fortunes | Fairy | Episode: "Celebrity Christmas Special 2" | [26] |
| 1991 | You Rang, M'Lord? | Myrtle | 2 episodes | [114] |
| 1992 | Double Vision | Snow Queen Boss | TV film | [26] |
| 1993 | Frank Stubbs | Barbara Windsor | Episode: "Starlet" | |
| The Great Bong | Mabel | Voice | [26] | |
| 1994–2010 2013–2016 | EastEnders | Peggy Mitchell | Series regular, 1,671 episodes | [26] |
| 1995 | One Foot in the Grave | Millicent | Episode: "The Affair of the Hollow Lady" | [105] |
| 1999 | The Nearly Complete and Utter History of Everything | Highwayman Robbery Victim | TV film | [26] |
| 2000 | Cor, Blimey! | Barbara Windsor | TV film | [26] |
| 2001 | Second Star to the Left | Babs | Voice | [115] |
| 2006 | Doctor Who | Peggy Mitchell | Episode: "Army of Ghosts" | [116] |
| 2006 | Who Do You Think You Are? | Herself | Season 3, Episode 1: "Barbara Windsor" | |
| 2009 | Walk on the Wild Side | Mouse | Voice; Episode: #1.3 | [108] |
| 2011 | Little Crackers | Shop Assistant | Episode: "My First Brassiere" | [108] |
| Come Fly With Me | Barbara Windsor | Episode: #1.4 | [117] | |
| 2015 | Children in Need | Star Wars sketch | [108] | |
| 2016 | The Tube: Going Underground | Herself | Documentary | [118] |
| 2017 | Babs | Herself | TV film[105] |
Windsor later spoke positively about her early stage career, particularly her time with Joan Littlewood’s Theatre Workshop, which she regarded as formative. Reflecting on the experience, she said that the company’s rigorous and improvisational methods helped her become “more in touch with her real self” as a performer, an approach she felt informed her later work across stage, film and television.[119] Critics have noted that her stage work demonstrated a discipline and theatrical grounding that underpinned her later popular success, with one assessment describing her as a “mischievous and instinctive stage performer” whose early theatre training gave depth to her comic screen persona.[120]
| Year | Production | Role | Venue / Company | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | Love from Judy | Chorus | Saville Theatre, London | [121] |
| 1959 | Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be | Ensemble | Theatre Royal Stratford East / Garrick Theatre, London | [122] |
| 1963–1964 | Oh, What a Lovely War! | Performer | Theatre Royal Stratford East / Broadway | [123] |
| 1965 | Twang! | Ensemble | Prince of Wales Theatre, London | [124] |
| 1966 | Come Spy with Me | Performer | West End | [125] |
| 1970 | Sing a Rude Song | Marie Lloyd | West End | [126] |
| 1972 | The Threepenny Opera | Lucy Brown | West End revival | [127] |
| 1973–1974 | Carry On London! | Performer | West End revue | [128] |
| 1981 | Entertaining Mr Sloane | Kath | Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith | [129] |
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help){{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help){{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help){{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help)| Acting roles | ||||
| First actress | Saucy Nancy actress fromWorzel Gummidge 1980 | Succeeded by | ||
| Preceded by | Peggy Mitchell actress 1994–2010; 2013–'16 | Succeeded by | ||