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Avagraha

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Symbol used in Indian languages

ऽ
Avagraha

Avagraha (ऽ,IPA:[ɐʋɐɡrɐɦɐ]) is a symbol used to indicateprodelision of anअ(a) in many Indian languages like Sanskrit as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in theSanskrit philosophical expressionशिवोऽहम्Śivo'ham (Śivaḥ aham), which is asandhi of (शिवः +अहम्) ‘I amShiva’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for exampleHindiमाँऽऽऽ! for ‘Mā̃ā̃ā̃ā̃!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated asकूऽल.^{[citation needed]} This symbol is more frequently used in theEastern Hindi andBihari languages.

In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, inmetrical poetry. For example, the syllables in the wordछंदःchandaḥ ‘metre’ (innominative) can be denoted as "ऽऽ", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "Systems of scansion".)

Avagraha in Unicode

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The avagraha symbol is encoded at severalUnicode points, for variousBrahmic scripts that use it.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Avagraha characters in Unicode
Character	Unicode character number	Full Unicode name
ऽ	U+093D	Devanagari sign avagraha
꣱	U+A8F1	Combining Devanagari sign avagraha
ꣷ	U+A8F7	Devanagari signcandrabindu avagraha
ঽ	U+09BD	Bengali sign avagraha
ઽ	U+0ABD	Gujarati sign avagraha
ଽ	U+0B3D	Odia sign avagraha
ఽ	U+0C3D	Telugu sign avagraha
ಽ	U+0CBD	Kannada sign avagraha
᤹	U+1939	Limbu sign mukphreng
ഽ	U+0D3D	Malayalam sign avagraha
ᮺ	U+1BBA	Sundanese sign avagraha
𑓄	U+114C4	Tirhuta sign avagraha
྅	U+0F85	Tibetan sign paluta
ៜ ‍‍	U+17DC	Khmer sign avakraha
ᢅ	U+1885	Mongolian Galik sign baluda

References

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^Devanagari(PDF), Unicode
^Bengali(PDF), Unicode
^Oriya(Odia)(PDF), Unicode
^Telugu(PDF), Unicode
^Malayalam(PDF), Unicode
^Tibetan(PDF), Unicode

v t e Diacritics
In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek	◌́ ◌̋ acute andRoman apex,double acute ◌̆ ◌̑ breve,inverted breve ◌̌ caron, háček ◌̧ cedilla ◌̂ circumflex ◌̈ diaeresis,umlaut,other ◌̇ ◌̣ dot ◌̀ ◌̏ grave,double grave ◌̉ hook above ◌̡ ◌̢ palatal hook,retroflex hook ◌̛ horn ◌ͅ iota subscript ◌̄ macron ◌̨ ogonek,nosinė ◌̊ ◌̥ overring,underring ◌͗ sicilicus ◌̃ tilde,perispomene ◌᷃ Vietnamese tilde ◌῾ ◌᾿ rough breathing,smooth breathing
InEarly Cyrillic	◌҄ palatalization sign ◌҇ pokrytie ◌҃ titlo
InIndic	ं ং ଂ ം anusvara ऽ ঽ ଽ ఽ ഽ ྅ avagraha ँ ఁ ྃ chandrabindu ़ nuqta ् ് ్ ್ ් ် virama ः ঃ ଃ ஃ visarga
In other scripts	Arabic diacritics Greek diacritics Gurmukhī diacritics Hebrew diacritics diacritics in IPA Japanesekana diacritics ◌゙ ◌゚ dakuten, handakuten Khmer diacritics Syriac diacritics Thai diacritics
Marks used as diacritics	’ apostrophe / bar : colon , comma . full stop/period ˗ hyphen ′ prime
Non-diacritic uses	^ caret ° degree symbol ~ tilde § Mathematics
InUnicode	◌ dotted circle (placeholder glyph character) combining character § Unicode ranges
See also: English terms with diacritical marks Metal umlaut Punctuation marks Category: Diacritics

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