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Amyotha Hluttaw

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One of the houses of the Myanmar legislature

Amyotha Hluttaw အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်

Type
Term limits	5 years; can serve for three consecutive years upon reelection
History
Founded	31 January 2011 (2011-01-31)
Preceded by	Pyithu Hluttaw (1974–1988)
Leadership
Speaker	Vacant since 31 January 2021
Deputy Speaker	Vacant since 31 January 2021
Seats	224MPs
Elections
Last Amyotha Hluttaw election	2025–26
Meeting place

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Complex,Naypyidaw
Website
www.amyothahluttaw.gov.mm

Politics of Myanmar


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TheAmyotha Hluttaw (Burmese:အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်,IPA:[ʔəmjóðál̥ʊʔtɔ̀];lit. 'National Assembly') is one of thede jure houses of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, thebicameral legislature ofMyanmar (Burma). It consists of 224 members, of which 168 are directly elected and 56 appointed by theMyanmar Armed Forces. The last elections to the Amyotha Hluttaw were held in November 2015.^[1] At its second meeting on 3 February 2016,Mahn Win Khaing Than andAye Thar Aung were elected Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw and Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as a whole.^[2] There is no upper house and lower house in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as bothPyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw enjoy equal status as per the constitution.^[3]

After thecoup d'état on 1 February 2021, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was dissolved by ActingPresident Myint Swe, who declared a one-yearstate of emergency and transferred all legislative powers toCommander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing.^[4]

Amyotha Hluttaw (National Assembly) Building

Composition

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The Amyotha Hluttaw consists of 224 members: 168 directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces, under a unique constitutional provision that has no parallel in the world. Twelve representatives are elected by eachstate or region (inclusive of relevant Union territories, and including one representative from each Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone).^[5]

2016–2021

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Amyotha Hluttaw elections, 2015^[6]
Party		Seats	Net gain/loss	Seats %	Votes %	Votes	+/−
	NLD	135	132	60.27
	USDP	11	113	4.91
	ANP	10	4	4.46
	SNLD	3	2	1.34
	TNP	2	2	0.89
	ZCD	2	2	0.89
	MNP	1	1	0.45
	NUP	1	4	0.45
	PNO	1	1	0.45
	Independent	2	2	0.89
	AMRDP	0	4	0
	SNDP	0	3	0
	Others	0	18	0
	Military appointees	56		25.00	–	–	0
Total		224		100	100

Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015
Region/State	NLD	USDP	ANP	SNLD	ZCD	PNO	TNP	MNP	NUP	Independent	Total
Kachin State	10								1	1	12
Kayah State	9	2								1	12
Kayin State	10	2									12
Chin State	9	1			2						12
Mon State	11							1			12
Rakhine State	1	1	10								12
Shan State	3	3		3		1	2^[7]				12
Sagaing Region	12										12
Tanintharyi Region	12										12
Bago Region	12										12
Magway Region	12										12
Mandalay Region	10	2									12
Yangon Region	12										12
Ayeyarwady Region	12										12
Total	135	11	10	3	2	1	2	1	1	2	168

The 2015 election results are as of 20 November 2015.Military appointees are not included in theAmyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015 table.^[8]

2011–2016

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General election, 2010
Party		Seats^[9]	%
	Union Solidarity and Development Party	129	57.59
	Rakhine Nationalities Development Party	7	3.13
	National Unity Party	5	2.23
	National Democratic Force	4	1.79
	All Mon Region Democracy Party	4	1.79
	Chin Progressive Party	4	1.79
	Shan Nationalities Democratic Party	3	1.33
	Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party	3	1.33
	Chin National Party	2	0.89
	Pa-O National Organisation	1	0.45
	Kayin People's Party	1	0.45
	Taaung (Palaung) National Party	1	0.45
	Wa Democratic Party	1	0.45
	Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State	1	0.45
	Kayin State Democracy and Development Party	1	0.45
	Independent	1	0.45
	Military appointees	56	25.00
Total		224	100

Changes between 2010 and 2012, which were not addressed by the 2012 by-election
Date	Constituency	Old MP	Party	New MP	Party	Note
August 2011	Rangoon Division No. 3	Phone Myint Aung	NDF	Phone Myint Aung	NNDP	Changed party membership^[10]
December 2011	Rangoon Region No. 4	Myat Nyana Soe	NDF	Myat Nyana Soe	NLD	Changed party membership^[11]
28 January 2012	Sagaing Division No. 2	Bogyi aka Aung Ngwe	USDP	–	–	Deceased^[12]

By-election, 2012
Party		Seats won	Change	Seats before	Seats after^[13]
	Union Solidarity and Development Party	1	5	128	123
	Rakhine Nationalities Development Party	0		7	7
	National Unity Party	0		5	5
	National League for Democracy	4	4	1	5
	National Democratic Force	0		2	2
	New National Democracy Party	0		1	1
	All Mon Region Democracy Party	0		4	4
	Chin Progressive Party	0		4	4
	Shan Nationalities Democratic Party	1	1	3	4
	Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party	0		3	3
	Chin National Party	0		2	2
	Pa-O National Organization	0		1	1
	Kayin People's Party	0		1	1
	Taaung (Palaung) National Party	0		1	1
	Wa Democratic Party	0		1	1
	Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State	0		1	1
	Kayin State Democracy and Development Party	0		1	1
	Independent	0		1	1
Vacant		0		1	1
	Military appointees	–	–	56	56
Total		6		224	224

Changes between 2012 and 2015
Date	Constituency	Old MP	Party	New MP	Party	Note
5 February 2013	Rangoon Division No. 6	Tin Shwe	NDF	–	–	Became a Deputy Minister^[12]
2013	Arakan State No. 4	Maung Sa Pru	RNDP	–	–	Deceased^[12]

References

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^"Myanmar election commission publishes election final results". Xinhuanet. 17 November 2010. Archived fromthe original on 20 November 2010.
^"Burma's parliament opens new session".BBC News. 31 January 2011.
^Egreteau, Renaud (2022).Crafting Parliament in Myanmar's Disciplined Democracy, 2011-2021). Oxford University Press. pp. 56.ISBN 9780192858740.
^
- "Amid Coup, Myanmar's NLD Lawmakers Form Committee to Serve as Legitimate Parliament".The Irrawaddy. 8 February 2021. Retrieved7 April 2021.
- "Myanmar coup: Week of Feb.1 to Feb. 21, EU action in focus as foreign ministers set to meet".Nikkei Asia. 1 February 2021. Retrieved7 April 2021.
- Ratcliffe, Rebecca (5 February 2021)."'We're not brainwashed': a week of turmoil in Myanmar".The Guardian. Retrieved7 April 2021.
- Smith, Patrick; Mogul, Rhea; Eppler, Kyle (1 February 2021)."Aung San Suu Kyi urges people to resist Myanmar military coup".NBC News. Retrieved7 April 2021.
^2008 Constitution, Myanmar. Pg. Article 141 (a)
^"Announcement 93/2015".Union Election Commission. Archived fromthe original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved20 November 2015.
^"Announcement 95/2015".Union Election Commission. Retrieved26 November 2015.
^"Announcement 93/2015".Union Election Commission. Archived fromthe original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved20 November 2015.
^"Burma's 2010 Elections: A comprehensive report"(PDF). Burma Fund UN Office. 31 January 2011. Retrieved26 November 2015.
^"New political party says it wants to work for a peaceful Burma". Mizzima. 24 August 2011. Retrieved24 November 2015.
^"NDF MPs rejoin NLD". Mizzima. 9 April 2012. Archived fromthe original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved24 November 2015.
^^a ^b ^c"National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch".ALTSEAN Burma. Archived fromthe original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved24 November 2015.
^"National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch".ALTSEAN Burma. Archived fromthe original on 19 July 2012.

Government ofMyanmar

Executive

In government	President list President's Office Vice President State Counsellor Cabinet State Security and Peace Commission State Administration Council Chairman Union Consultative Council Naypyidaw Council Chief Ministers
In exile	National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma Acting Cabinet of the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw National Unity Government

Legislative

In government	Assembly of the Union Speaker House of Nationalities Speaker House of Representatives Speaker State and Region Hluttaws
In exile	Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

Judiciary

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State-owned
entities

v t e Legislatures of Myanmar
Government of Myanmar
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw	Amyotha Hluttaw (upper house) Pyithu Hluttaw (lower house)
State Hluttaws	Chin State Hluttaw Kachin State Hluttaw Kayah State Hluttaw Kayin State Hluttaw Mon State Hluttaw Rakhine State Hluttaw Shan State Hluttaw
Region Hluttaws	Ayeyarwady Region Hluttaw Bago Region Hluttaw Magway Region Hluttaw Mandalay Region Hluttaw Sagaing Region Hluttaw Taninthayi Region Hluttaw Yangon Region Hluttaw
In exile	Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
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