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Alma Rišaia Rba

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Religious text of Mandaeism
Alma Rišaia Rba
Five plants sprouting from a wellspring (aina) (DC 41)
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ReligionMandaeism
LanguageMandaic language
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Alma Rišaia Rba orDiwan Alma Rišaia Rabbā (Classical Mandaic:ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ, "The Great Supreme World" or "The Great First World") is aMandaean religious text. The text is used for Mandaean priestly initiation ceremonies.[1] It is written as a scroll and has numerous illustrations.Alma Rišaia Rba complementsAlma Rišaia Zuṭa, or "The Smaller Supreme World", a related Mandaic text used for priestly rituals.[2]

Manuscripts and translations

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An English translation of the text was published byE. S. Drower in 1963, which was based on manuscript 41 of theDrower Collection (abbreviatedDC 41). The manuscript consists of 8 parts. It was copied in 1224 A.H. (1809 or 1810 A.D.).[3] The DC 41 manuscript contains an illustration withQulasta prayer 79 in scrambled form, and the text also has a scrambled version of Qulasta prayer 82 (which is also quoted in the Book 4 of theRight Ginza).[2]

BL Add. 23,602B, titledKholasta sive liturgica Sabiorum Libri Joannis Fragmenta Mendaice, is a book of fragments that was probably obtained by ColonelJohn George Taylor. It contains fragments ofMaṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziua andAlma Rišaia Rba.[4]

Manuscripts ofAlma Rišaia Rba held in theRbai Rafid Collection areRRC 2P andRRC 3D. There are two additional manuscripts that are privately held byMandaeans in Australia. One of the manuscripts was copied atSuq eš-Šuyūḵ in 1244 A.H. (1828–1829 A.D.), and another manuscript was copied atQalˤat Ṣāleḥ in 1343 A.H. (1924–1925 A.D.).[5]

Illustrations

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DC 41 contains illustrations of various heavenly trees, which are named Haneil, Marmag, Mašqeil, Nahreil, Nahureil, Rahimeil (depicted twice), Samkieil, andTarwan.[6]

The manuscript also contains an illustration ofAdam Kasia labeled with the letters of theMandaic alphabet. Similarly, theJewish mystical textsSefer Yetzirah and theBahir associate the letters of theHebrew alphabet with various aspects of the creation of the universe.[7]: 217 

Below are the main illustrations in DC 41:

  • Illustration of two birds and two trees, at the beginning (top) of the scroll
    Illustration of two birds and two trees, at the beginning (top) of the scroll
  • Two doves standing on a wellspring (aina)
    Two doves standing on a wellspring (aina)
  • Five plants sprouting from a wellspring (aina)
    Five plants sprouting from a wellspring (aina)
  • Heavenly garden of plants
    Heavenly garden of plants
  • Heavenly garden of plants (continued)
    Heavenly garden of plants (continued)
  • Concentric circles labeled with the names of sacramental clothing and body parts
    Concentric circles labeled with the names of sacramental clothing and body parts
  • An illustrated figure of Adam Kasia labeled with the letters of the Mandaic alphabet
    An illustrated figure ofAdam Kasia labeled with the letters of theMandaic alphabet
  • Twenty trees. Translation of the Mandaic text (adapted from Drower 1963): "These are trees; the strength of light is great in them."
    Twenty trees. Translation of the Mandaic text (adapted from Drower 1963): "These are trees; the strength of light is great in them."

Prayer sequence

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See also:List of Qulasta prayers

InAlma Rišaia Rba, the prescribed sequence ofQulasta prayers (numbered below according to Drower's 1959Canonical Prayerbook) to be recited is as follows.[3]

  • 1, 3, 5, 19
  • 7
  • 33–34
  • 75–77
  • 9, 35
  • 34
  • 45–70
  • 29
  • 71–72
  • 91
  • 32–34
  • 75–77
  • 9, 35
  • 44–49
  • 3
  • 50–64, 66–69
  • 91–99
  • 71
  • 100
  • 71–72
  • 101–103
  • 63
  • 108
  • 3
  • 35
  • 9
  • 58
  • 65
  • 71
  • 170
  • 36
  • 59–60
  • 72
  • 80
  • 2, 4
  • 1, 3, 5, 19
  • 32–34
  • 75–77
  • 9
  • 35–70
  • 91
  • 96
  • 79–80
  • 33
  • 81
  • 34
  • 1
  • 75–77
  • 9
  • 35–36
  • 44–69
  • 91–99
  • 70
  • 102
  • 71–72
  • 80
  • 101–102
  • 63
  • 58 (?)
  • 3
  • 35
  • 58 (?)
  • 65 (?)
  • 76
  • 170
  • 80 (?)
  • 178

See also

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References

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  1. ^van Rompaey, Sandra (2023-12-04). "The Ceremonial Creation of the Body of Adam in Alma Rišaia Rba".Šalmūtā Šapīrtā. Gorgias Press. p. 101–136.doi:10.31826/9781463245429-010.ISBN 978-1-4632-4542-9. Retrieved2025-05-20.
  2. ^abBuckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-515385-5.OCLC 65198443.
  3. ^abDrower, E. S. 1963.A Pair of Naṣoraean Commentaries: Two Priestly Documents, the Great First World and the Lesser First World. Leiden: Brill.
  4. ^Vinklát, Marek (2020-07-06). "Two Unidentified Fragments of Mandaean Ritual Scrolls in the British Museum".Coptica, Gnostica und Mandaica. De Gruyter. pp. 188–195.doi:10.1515/9783110619904-010.ISBN 9783110619904.S2CID 241365971.
  5. ^Morgenstern, Matthew (2013).New Manuscript Sources for the Study of Mandaic. In: V. Golinets et. al (eds.),Neue Beiträge zur Semitistik. Sechstes Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Semitistik in der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft vom 09.–11. Februar 2013 in Heidelberg. AOAT, Ugarit Verlag.
  6. ^van Rompaey, Sandra (2024).Mandaean Symbolic Art. Turnhout: Brepols.ISBN 978-2-503-59365-4.
  7. ^Deutsch, Nathaniel (1999–2000)."The Date Palm and the Wellspring:Mandaeism and Jewish Mysticism"(PDF).ARAM.11 (2):209–223.doi:10.2143/ARAM.11.2.504462.Archived from the original on 2022-06-26. Retrieved2022-05-06.

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