| Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud | |
|---|---|
| Emir ofHama | |
| Reign | 1284–1300 |
| Predecessor | Al-Mansur Muhammad II |
| Successor | Abu'l-Fida |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 1300 |
| Dynasty | Ayyubid |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud was theKurdishAyyubidemir ofHama from 1284 to 1300. He was the son ofAl-Mansur Muhammad II whom he succeeded. Hama was at this time was ruled by a line ofKurdish Muslim princes from theAyyubid dynasty and was also a tributary emirate of theMamluk Sultanate.
Al-Muzaffar took part in thesiege of Acre in 1291, bringing a largemangonel fromKrak des Chevaliers to support the assault on the city.[1] Although a few smallCrusader enclaves survived, the fall of Acre marked the end of the Crusader period in Syria and thereafterMamluk rule was unchallenged.
UnlikeSaladin atJerusalem in 1187, Al-Muzaffar did not keep his word to protect his captives atAcre in1291. According toal-Maqrizi, Al-Muzaffar "had sworn to the people of the citadel with strong oaths and on the Qur’an and divorcing (his wives). When they came down from the citadel he betrayed them, beheaded its governor and massacred the rest."[2]
According to al-Maqrizi:
The emir was violent, powerful, awe-inspiring and liable to attack suddenly… When he rode, the troops use to walk behind him as if they were between two threads, out of fear they would trample over crops, and nobody out of fear dared to trample on a single stem (of them) nor march his horse on them… If anyone transgressed, he was crucified. He (Al-Muzaffar) used to say: "It does not happen that there is more than one tyrant (meaning himself) at one time."[3]
When he died in 1300 Hama was briefly under direct Mamluk rule, but in 1310 Al-Muzaffar’s cousinAbu'l-Fida was made emir, and there was a final period of Ayyubid tributary rule in the city.[4]
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