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Akshamsaddin (Muhammad Shams al-Din bin Hamzah,Turkish:Akşemseddin) (1389 inDamascus – 16 February 1459 inGöynük,Bolu), was an influentialOttomanSunni Muslimscholar,poet, andmysticsaint.
He was the grandson ofShahab al-Din al-Suhrawardi and a descendant ofAbu Bakr al-Siddiq.[1] He was an influentialtutor and adviser to SultanMehmed the Conqueror.[2][3] After completing his work with his master SheikhHacı Bayram-ı Veli, he founded the Shamsiyya-BayramiyyaSufi order. He discovered the lost grave ofAbu Ayyub al-Ansari (thecompanion ofMuhammad) inConstantinople preceding theSiege of Constantinople.[4][5][6]
In addition to his fame in religious sciences andTasawwuf, Akshemsaddin was popular in the fields ofmedicine andpharmacology. There is not much reference to how he acquired this knowledge, but theOrientalistElias John Wilkinson Gibb notes in his workHistory of Ottoman Poetry that Akshamsaddin learned from Haji Bayram Wali during his years with him.[7] Akshamsaddin was also knowledgeable in the treatment ofpsychological andspiritual disorders.[8][9][10][11][12] Akshamsaddin mentioned themicrobe in his workMaddat ul-Hayat (The Material of Life) about two centuries prior toAntonie van Leeuwenhoek's discovery through experimentation:
It is incorrect to assume that diseases appear one by one in humans. Disease infects by spreading from one person to another. This infection occurs through seeds that are so small they cannot be seen but are alive.[13][14]
It is known that he had 7 sons and 5 or 3 daughters.[15] His youngest son was the noted poetḤamd Allāh Ḥamdī.[16]
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