| Achang | |
|---|---|
| Ngachang အာချန် / ငါချန် | |
| Pronunciation | [ŋa˨˩tʂhaŋ˨˩] |
| Native to | China,Myanmar |
| Ethnicity | Achang |
Native speakers | (60,000 cited 1990–2007)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | acn |
| Glottolog | acha1252 |
| ELP | Xiandao |
TheAchang language (Achang:Ngachang;Chinese:阿昌,Burmese:အာချန်) is aTibeto-Burman language spoken by theAchang (also known as Maingtha and Ngochang) inYunnan,China, and northernMyanmar.[1]
Achang is spoken in the following locations:
The three main dialects of Achang in China are:[2]
TheXiandao dialect (100 speakers;autonym:Chintaw /kʰan³¹tau³¹/) is spoken in the following two locations inYingjiang County,Dehong Prefecture (Xiandaoyu Yanjiu).
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-Alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | |||||||
| Stop | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | tʃʰ | cʰ | kʰ | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | dz | dʒ | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | ç | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||
Voiced sounds/b,d,dz,dʒ,ɟ,ɡ/ can also be heard as voiceless[p,t,ts,tʃ,c,k] in free variation among speakers.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɯ | u |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | aˑa | ||
| Syllabic | ŋ̍ |
/i,ɛ,aˑ/ can also have lax vowel counterparts as[ɪ,æ,ʔaˑ].[5]
Achang word order issubject–object–verb. There is no dominant order for nouns and their adjective modifiers.[6]
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WesternHimalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| EasternHimalayas (Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
| ||||
| East andSoutheast Asia |
| ||||
| Dubious (possible isolates,Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
Authority control databases: National |
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