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2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums

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2016 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
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A total of ten debates occurred among candidates in thecampaign for theDemocratic Party's nomination for thepresident of the United States in the2016 presidential election (This was in contrast to 12 Republican debates.).

Severalforums, in which candidates do not respond directly to each other, were later also announced, with the support of the DNC.[1]

Presidential debates

[edit]

Schedule

[edit]

TheDemocratic National Committee (DNC) announced on May 5, 2015, that there would be 6 debates, which they considered "a reasonable number and in line with what the national committee sanctioned in 2008."[2] On August 6, 2015, the DNC announced the locations for all six original debates, with exact venues still to be determined, and the specific dates for the first four debates.[3]

In late January 2016, trailing theNew Hampshire primary race, theClinton campaign requested asecond New Hampshire debate, which had already been scheduled to February 4, to be officially sanctioned by the DNC. TheSanders campaign said they would only agree with that proposal if a total of four additional debates would be held, one in February, March, April and May each. Both campaigns agreed to a March 3 debate in Flint, Michigan. There also seemed to be agreement on a California debate on May 24, but not at the remaining April 14 debate in Brooklyn, New York, as proposed by Sanders.[4] On February 3, just ahead of the second New Hampshire debate, Clinton's and Sanders's campaigns agreed in principle to holding four more debates, also sanctioned by the DNC, for a total of 10.[5]

Debates among candidates for the 2016 Democratic Party U.S. presidential nomination[6]
No.DateTimePlaceSponsor(s)Invitees*
 P  Participant    I  Invitee (to a future debate)    N  Non-invitee  A  Absent invitee O  Out of race (exploring or withdrawn)ChafeeClintonO'MalleySandersWebb
DNC sanctioned debates
1Tue Oct. 13, 20155:30 p.m. PDTWynn Las Vegas
Paradise, NV
CNN/FacebookPPPPP
2Sat Nov. 14, 20158 p.m. CSTDrake University
Des Moines, IA
CBS News/KCCI/
The Des Moines Register/Twitter
OPPPO
3Sat Dec. 19, 20158 p.m. ESTSt. Anselm College
Goffstown, NH
ABC News[7]OPPPO
4Sun Jan. 17, 20169 p.m. ESTGaillard Center
Charleston, SC
NBC News/YouTube/Congressional
Black Caucus Institute
OPPPO
5Thu Feb. 4, 20169 p.m. ESTUniversity of New Hampshire
Durham, NH
MSNBCOPOPO
6Thu Feb. 11, 20168 p.m. CSTUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
Milwaukee, WI
PBS/WETA-TV/FacebookOPOPO
7Sun Mar. 6, 20168 p.m. ESTThe Whiting inFlint Cultural Center[8]
Flint, MI
CNNOPOPO
8Wed Mar. 9, 20169 p.m. ESTMiami Dade College
Miami, FL
Univision/The Washington Post/CNNOPOPO
9Thu Apr. 14, 20169 p.m. EDTDuggal Greenhouse inBrooklyn Navy Yard
Brooklyn, NY
CNN/NY1OPOPO
10May 2016N/ASan Francisco, California (canceled)Fox News ChannelNNNNN
*^Participating in at least one debate listed above:   Former Gov. Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island  • Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York  • Former Gov. Martin O'Malley of Maryland  • Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont  • Former Sen. Jim Webb of Virginia

Ratings

[edit]

The following table lists the ratings (number of estimated viewers) of the debates to date.

DebateDateViewersNetwork
1October 13, 201515.8 millionCNN
2November 14, 20158.5 millionCBS
3December 19, 20157.8 millionABC
4January 17, 201610.2 millionNBC
5February 4, 20164.5 millionMSNBC
6February 11, 20168.0 million[9]PBS
7March 6, 20165.5 million[10]CNN
8March 9, 20165.9 million[11]Univision/CNN
9April 14, 20165.6 million[12]CNN/NY1
Map of United States showing sites of 2016 Democratic primary debates
CNN Las Vegas
CNN
Las Vegas
CBS Des Moines
CBS
Des Moines
ABC Goffstown
ABC
Goffstown
NBC Charleston
NBC
Charleston
MSNBC Durham
MSNBC
Durham
PBS Milwaukee
PBS
Milwaukee
Univision Miami
Univision
Miami
CNN Flint
CNN
Flint
CNN New York
CNN
New York
Sites of the 2016 Democratic primary debates

Tuesday October 13, 2015 – Paradise, Nevada

[edit]
CandidateAirtimePolls[13]
Clinton28:0543.3%
Sanders31:0525.1%
Webb15:350.9%
O'Malley17:560.4%
Chafee9:110.3%

TheDemocratic Party's first presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on October 13, 2015, at theWynn Hotel on theLas Vegas Strip inParadise, Nevada.

Starting at 8:30 p.m. and ending at 11:00 p.m. Eastern time,[14] it aired onCNN and was broadcast on radio byWestwood One.[15]Anderson Cooper was the moderator of the debate,[16] withDana Bash and Juan Carlos Lopez asking additional questions andDon Lemon presenting questions submitted by voters via Facebook.[15]

To be invited to the debate, a candidate had to achieve an average of at least 1% in three recognized national polls released between August 1 and October 10. In addition, a candidate had to either file a statement of candidacy with theFederal Election Commission or declare that one would be filed by October 14, the day after the debate.[17] The latter criterion would have accommodatedVice PresidentJoe Biden had he decided to enter the presidential race as late as the day of the debate.[15] CNN had an extra lectern available to install for Biden, but he took no action to enter the campaign before the debate.[18]

Analysis on the debate was largely mixed regarding who, between the top two candidates, won. Some analysts fromCNN andBBC viewed Clinton as the winner,[19][20] while other publications such asThe Washington Post, theChicago Tribune, and theFox News Channel, claimed that Sanders was the winner.[21][22][23] Conversely, Chafee, O'Malley and Webb were all widely regarded as the "losers".[23] One of the most memorable moments from the debate, which drew an average of 15.3 million viewers, a record for a Democratic debate,[24] came when Sanders replied to a question about Clinton'semail controversy that the American people were "sick and tired of hearing about your damn emails", which drew cheers and applause from the audience and a smile and handshake between the two candidates.[25] With regard to social media, Sanders had the biggest gains of the night onTwitter andFacebook, with an increase of 46,000 new followers and 35,000 new likes, respectively; over the course of the night, he was also the most-searched candidate onGoogle. Conversely, Clinton had the biggest gains onInstagram, with 25,000 likes for her photograph of her podium just before the debate started.[26] It was noted that Republican frontrunnerDonald Trump, who was live-Tweeting during the entire debate and mocking the candidates, gained more Twitter followers over the course of the night than all of the five candidates combined, with over 70,000 new followers.[27]

With the focus primarily being on Clinton and Sanders, a majority of subsequentfact-checking in the aftermath of the debate was regarding comments made by the two of them. Fact-checking by theAssociated Press andUSA Today pointed out mistakes in both of their presentations: specifically, Clinton was considered inconsistent in many of her policy stances, particularly with regard to the Obama administration's handling of theSyrian Civil War as well as theTrans-Pacific Partnership agreement that Clinton supported as Secretary of State, but changed to opposing while a candidate.[28] In contrast, Sanders was pointed out as making economic claims based on outdated information, particularly with regard to how much of America'sGDP actually goes to the wealthiest in the country.[29]

This was the first and only debate appearance of Chafee and Webb, who ended their campaigns on October 23 and October 20, respectively.[30][31]

Saturday November 14, 2015 – Des Moines, Iowa

[edit]
CandidateAirtime[32]Polls[13]
Clinton38:3354.7%
Sanders24:1733.0%
O'Malley21:282.7%

TheDemocratic Party's second presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on November 14, 2015, at the Sheslow Auditorium atDrake University inDes Moines, Iowa.

It aired onCBS News and was also broadcast byKCCI andThe Des Moines Register. This was the first debate to be broadcast over nationwide network television, the previous debate having gone over cable.[33]

CBS News Political DirectorJohn Dickerson was the principal moderator, with participation by Kevin Cooney ofKCCI.[33]

The day before the debate, November 13, was the day of theNovember 2015 Paris attacks, where nearly 130 civilians were killed by radical Jihadist terrorists - specifically, members ofISIS - across the city ofParis. As a result of the attacks, after initial speculation that the debate might be cancelled, CBS announced that, while the debate would go on as planned, the focus of the debate's content would be dramatically shifted over to foreign policy and terrorism.[34][35] In addition, a moment of silence was held at the beginning of the debate in memory of the victims.

One of the most memorable moments of the debate was when Clinton defended against claims that she had ties to Wall Street bankers, particularly when Sanders pointed out that some of Clinton's largest donors were from Wall Street. Clinton retaliated by claiming that, as the Senator from New York during theSeptember 11 attacks, she had to work closely with Wall Street since the attacks were so close to Wall Street.[36] Clinton immediately received scrutiny over these comments, including when Dickerson highlighted a Tweet from a viewer reading, "Never before have I heard someone use 9/11 to justify millions of Wall Street donations," which drew thunderous applause from the audience, and led to both Sanders and O'Malley also attacking Clinton for those comments.[37] Post-debate criticisms arose from all across the political spectrum, fromRepublican National Committee ChairmanReince Priebus, to Clinton's own former campaign manager, Patti Solis Doyle, who said that the 9/11 reference would've been better used in the previous discussion on terrorism and foreign policy, not justifying her Wall Street connections.[38]

The New York Times and many other media organizations have heavily criticized Clinton for invoking9/11 to cover herWall Street connections.[39]

Saturday December 19, 2015 – Goffstown, New Hampshire

[edit]
CandidateAirtime[40]Polls[13]
Clinton38:1456.3%
Sanders30:2030.6%
O'Malley24:204.3%

TheDemocratic Party's third presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on December 19, 2015, atSt. Anselm College, inGoffstown, New Hampshire.

It aired onABC News and was moderated by journalistDavid Muir, anchor ofWorld News Tonight, and Chief Global Affairs CorrespondentMartha Raddatz.[41] On December 11, 2015, the DNC had announced that it would revoke the sponsorship of the debate byWMUR-TV because of a labor dispute with its unionized employees.[7] The topics covered during the debate included Sanders' campaign's breach of Clinton's campaign data, strategy fordefeating ISIS, gun control, the issue of whether to depose President Assad of Syria, if Wall Street favored each candidate, stability in the Middle East enforced by dictators and whether regime change was necessary, and the role of theFirst Spouse.[41][42][43]

Sunday January 17, 2016 – Charleston, South Carolina

[edit]
CandidateAirtime[44]Polls[13]
Clinton30:1251.0%
Sanders27:3138.3%
O'Malley14:292.3%

TheDemocratic Party's fourth presidential debate ahead of the2016 Democratic primaries, and the first one in 2016, was held on January 17, 2016, at the Gaillard Center, a venue for performing arts inCharleston, South Carolina.

Held from 9 to 11 pm ET, it was facilitated byLester Holt andAndrea Mitchell. The location was 7.6 miles southeast of the North Charleston Coliseum, where the last Republican debate had been held on January 14, and the debate aired onNBC News andYouTube.[45] It was also sponsored by theCongressional Black Caucus. It was notable as being the final debate before the start of precinctcaucuses andprimary voting. On January 8, NBC News announced that in order to qualify for the debate, a candidate must have reached an average of at least 5% either in national polls, or in Iowa, New Hampshire, or South Carolina, based on the five most recent polls recognized by NBC News released before January 14.[46]

Both before and after the debate, commentators said the debate was focused on Sanders and his voting record on gun control and slights against President Obama, among other issues. During the debate, O'Malley interrupted to take 30 seconds to talk about "homeland security and preparedness".[47] Also during the debate, Clinton and Sanders had some back-and-forth exchanges to define themselves on Wall Street, foreign policy, and gun control.[47]

Chris Cillizza ofThe Washington Post viewed Sanders as the winner of the debate, while also praising O'Malley. According to Cillizza, Clinton was, "as always, solid," but "she did nothing in the debate to slow the momentum that Sanders is building in Iowa and New Hampshire."[48][49]

This was the fourth and final debate appearance of O'Malley, who suspended his campaign on February 1.[50]

Thursday February 4, 2016 – Durham, New Hampshire

[edit]
CandidateAirtime[51]Polls[13]
Clinton~ 1 hour50.4%
Sanders~ 1 hour36.3%

TheDemocratic Party's fifth presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on February 4, 2016, inDurham, New Hampshire.

On January 26, NBC News and theNew Hampshire Union Leader announced plans to hold an unsanctioned debate in New Hampshire on February 4, to be moderated by Chuck Todd and Rachel Maddow.[52] Clinton, Sanders, and O'Malley all received an invitation to the debate, with O'Malley being the first to confirm his participation.[53] On January 31, the DNC officially sanctioned the debate but removed theUnion Leader as a sponsor, and each major Democratic candidate confirmed their attendance.[54][55] O'Malley suspended his campaign after a poor showing in theIowa caucuses, thereby leaving Clinton and Sanders as the remaining participants. The debate aired on February 4, 2016, from 9 to 11 pm ET on MSNBC.[56]

Commentators of the debate cited the elevated discourse between the candidates. There was discussion on the death penalty (federal versus state), money in politics, and assessing Russia, Iran, and North Korea as threats to national security. Clinton demanded that Sanders explain his "artful smears" of Clinton receiving campaign donations. Sanders responded by critiquing the inherently "quid-pro-quo" nature of Wall Street campaign donations. The exchange between the two candidates was called by Eric Levitz one of the best 10-minute exchanges in the history of American political debates.[57]

Thursday February 11, 2016 – Milwaukee, Wisconsin

[edit]
CandidateAirtimePolls[13]
Clinton~ 1 hour49.3%
Sanders~ 1 hour36.0%

TheDemocratic Party's sixth presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on February 11, 2016, at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, inMilwaukee, Wisconsin.

Starting at 8:00 pmCST, the debate was aired onPBS andsimulcast byCNN.[58] Two anchors ofPBS NewsHour,Gwen Ifill andJudy Woodruff, moderated for the two candidates.[59][60]

The debate preshow ran for 30 minutes before the debate. Clinton noted it was a new milestone among presidential debates as more women were on the debate stage than men (3:1). After opening statements with Sanders going first, each candidate had 90 seconds to answer and then the other was given a 30-second response. There were two short breaks. During a break, highlights of the debate were shown byHari Sreenivasan with political commentary fromLisa Desjardins,Amy Walter, andTamara Keith weighing in on what had been said.

The candidates debated on race relations, the size of government, funding their goals,Medicaid/Medicare, campaign contributor's influence, the prospect of a first woman president, affordable college, reducing areas of government, readiness for an attack onAmerica,Henry Kissinger, Russian relations, the U.S. role with respect to refugees, influential leaders on foreign policy, and criticism of PresidentBarack Obama. In closing statements, Sanders talked about bringing people together to create a representative government. Clinton's closing talked about not being a single issue candidate and taking on all barriers to people achieving their individual potentials.

After the debate, the commentators were asked if the candidates did what they needed to do. Then Sreenivasan interviewed journalistsDavid Brooks andMark Shields in the postdebate coverage.

Sunday March 6, 2016 – Flint, Michigan

[edit]
CandidateAirtime[61]Polls[13]
Clinton42:1149.6%
Sanders42:4140.2%

TheDemocratic Party's seventh presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on March 6, 2016, atThe Whiting,Flint Cultural Center, inFlint, Michigan.

The city chosen was the epicenter of the ongoingFlint water crisis. Starting at 8.00 pm EST, the debate aired on CNN and was moderated by Anderson Cooper.[62][63] He was joined by CNN'sDon Lemon in asking questions. The debate ran for almost two hours. At the end of the debate, Cooper announced alabor union fund had committed $25 million in low-interest loans towards repairing the water system.

TheMichigan Democratic Party claimed the organization had no tickets to distribute leading up to the debate for the general public, party volunteers & major party donors, however sent out open public emails with links to open invites for any person interested in attending a pre-debate reception and dinner on March 5, combined with debate tickets for March 6, that would be willing to purchase tickets for $1,000 to $20,000 per package viaEventBrite.[64]

Candidates were given 75 seconds to respond and 30 seconds for follow-ups. Members of the audience, made up of Democrats and Independents, were also given the chance to field questions, which were screened to avoid overlapping in content. Sanders and Clinton were given 60 seconds for opening statements and for closing statements at the end of the debate.

A subsequent WikiLeaksemail dump suggested that DNC vice chairDonna Brazile gave Clinton an unfair advantage in the debate with Sanders, revealed by Brazille's email message on March 5, 2016, toJohn Podesta andJennifer Palmieri with the title: "One of the questions directed to HRC tomorrow is from a woman with a rash." The message continued, "her family has lead poison and she will ask what, if anything, will Hillary do as president to help the ppl of Flint."[65]

Wednesday March 9, 2016 – Miami, Florida

[edit]
CandidateAirtimePolls[13]
Clinton23:2951.0%
Sanders17:5139.6%

TheDemocratic Party's eighth presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on March 9, 2016, in Building 7 of the Kendall Campus ofMiami Dade College inMiami, Florida.

Starting at 9:00 pm Eastern Standard Time, it was broadcast through a partnership betweenUnivision andThe Washington Post.[66][67] The debate was discussed during a job interview conducted in early 2015 between theDemocratic National Committee's then-Communications DirectorMo Elleithee and future Hispanic Media Director Pablo Manriquez. After starting at the DNC in April 2015, Manriquez "talked about the idea for a debate for Democratic candidates on Univision to anyone who had ears to listen."[68] The debate was officially announced on November 2, 2015.[69]

Thursday April 14, 2016 – Brooklyn, New York

[edit]

TheDemocratic Party's ninth presidential debate ahead of the2016 U.S. presidential election was held on April 14, 2016, at the Duggal Greenhouse inBrooklyn Navy Yard. The debate aired on CNN andNY1.[70]Wolf Blitzer of CNN served as moderator.[71]

Planned May debate/Potential Sanders/Trump debate

[edit]

Despite previously agreeing to a tenth debate in the state of California, before the last day of primary elections, Hillary Clinton declined to participate. As a result of this, the debate was cancelled. Bernie Sanders called it insulting to the people of California, the largest primary state.[72]

After it had been established that a California debate would not take place, Donald Trump offered a debate with Bernie Sanders ahead of the June 7th primary. The only condition for this debate was for the profits to be donated to a charity, which the candidates would agree on. Bernie Sanders accepted the offer; however, Donald Trump eventually declined to participate, stating there was no need to debate a candidate who would not win the Democratic nomination.

Forums

[edit]

In addition to the main debates, twelveforums were scheduled for the candidates to discuss the issues.

Schedule

[edit]
Forums among candidates for the 2016 Democratic Party U.S. presidential nomination
No.DateTimePlaceSponsor(s)Invitees*
 P  Participant    I  Invitee (to a future debate)    N  Non-invitee
 A  Absent invitee O  Out of race (exploring or withdrawn)
Fmr. Sec. of StateClintonFmr. Gov.O'MalleySen.Sanders
Forums
1Nov. 6, 20158 p.m. ESTWinthrop University
Rock Hill, SC
MSNBCPPP
2Nov. 24, 2015N/Avirtual
MoveOn.org
MoveOn.orgAPP
3Jan. 11, 20167 p.m. CSTDrake University
Des Moines, IA
FusionPPP
4Jan. 25, 20169 p.m. ESTDrake University
Des Moines, IA
CNNPPP
5Feb. 3, 20169 p.m. ESTAdams Memorial Opera House
Derry, NH
CNNPOP
6Feb. 18, 20169 p.m. ESTKeep Memory Alive Event Center
Las Vegas, NV
MSNBC/TelemundoPOP
7Feb. 23, 20168 p.m. ESTUniversity of South Carolina
Columbia, SC
CNNPOP
8Mar. 7, 20166 p.m. ESTGem Theatre
Detroit, MI
Fox News ChannelPOP
9Mar. 13, 20168 p.m. ESTMershon Auditorium
Columbus, OH
CNN/TV OnePOP
10Mar. 14, 20166 p.m. ESTOhio State UniversityColumbus, OH
Old Capitol BuildingSpringfield, IL
MSNBCPOP
11Mar. 21, 20168 p.m. EDTWashington, D.C.CNNPOP
12Mar. 30, 20167 p.m. EDTWisconsin andNew York CityMSNBCPOP
13Apr. 25, 20168 p.m. EDTNational Constitution Center
Philadelphia, PA
MSNBCPOP
*^Participating in at least one debate listed above:   Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York  • Former Gov. Martin O'Malley of Maryland  • Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont
Map of United States showing sites of 2016 Democratic primary forums
MSNBC Rock Hill
MSNBC
Rock Hill
Fusion, CNN Des Moines
Fusion, CNN
Des Moines
CNN Derry
CNN
Derry
MSNBC/Telemundo Las Vegas
MSNBC/Telemundo
Las Vegas
CNN Columbia
CNN
Columbia
FOX Detroit
FOX
Detroit
CNN, MSNBC Columbus
CNN, MSNBC
Columbus
MSNBC Springfield
MSNBC
Springfield
CNN D.C.
CNN
D.C.
MSNBC New York
MSNBC
New York
Sites of the 2016 Democratic primary forums

November 6, 2015 – Rock Hill, South Carolina

[edit]

Rachel Maddow was selected to moderate the First in the South Candidates Forum with Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Martin O'Malley, which was held atWinthrop University inRock Hill, South Carolina, on November 6, co-sponsored by the Democratic Parties of 13 southern states.[73] The forum was not in debate format; instead, each candidate was interviewed individually and sequentially.[74] Lincoln Chafee and Jim Webb were also invited, but their campaigns never responded to the invitations,[75] and both subsequently withdrew from the race. Lessig attempted multiple times to enter the debates but was systematically excluded by the DNC.[76][77][78][79][80]

A Public Policy Poll of South Carolina Democratic voters conducted from November 7–8, after the forum, discovered that 67% of viewers thought Clinton won the forum, 16% thought Sanders won, and 6% thought O'Malley won, with 11% unsure.[81]

November 24, 2015 – MoveOn.org

[edit]

The second forum for the Democratic primaries occurred on November 24, 2015. On October 21, 2015,MoveOn announced that it would host a candidate forum to be recorded and aired online in mid-November. The announcement came amid ongoing unrest within the Democratic party over the unusually low number of Democratic debates allowed by the DNC.[1] While five candidates – Lincoln Chafee, Hillary Clinton, Lawrence Lessig, Martin O'Malley, and Bernie Sanders – were invited,[1] only Sanders and O'Malley appeared at the event.[82] Although this was the first forum between the candidates in which Lessig was invited, he dropped out of the race before the forum was to be held.[83]

The two candidates delivered responses on Social Security, student debt, gun violence, immigration, campaign finance reform, climate change, the progressive movement, the Syrian refugee crisis, the economy, racial profiling, and police brutality, and gave closing statements.[84]

January 11, 2016 – Des Moines, Iowa

[edit]

The third forum, theIowa Brown and Black Forum, occurred on January 11, 2016, atDrake University inDes Moines, Iowa. Focusing on minority issues, it aired onFusion.[85]

  • Jorge Ramos moderating the forum
    Jorge Ramos moderating the forum
  • Clinton during the forum
    Clinton during the forum
  • Sanders during the forum
    Sanders during the forum
  • O'Malley during the forum
    O'Malley during the forum
  • Sanders contingent in the spin room
    Sanders contingent in thespin room

January 25, 2016 – Des Moines, Iowa

[edit]
CNN broadcasting van outside of the fourth forum

The fourth forum was a Town Hall held on January 25, 2016, also atDrake University inDes Moines, Iowa. Focusing on "Progressive revolution and change", it aired onCNN.[86]

February 3, 2016 – Derry, New Hampshire

[edit]

The fifth forum, a Town Hall event, happened on February 3, 2016, at "Adams Opera House" inDerry, New Hampshire. Focusing on the several topics for "progressive proposals", it aired onCNN.[87]

February 18, 2016 – Las Vegas, Nevada

[edit]

The sixth forum, aTown Hall event, occurred on February 18, 2016, at the Keep Memory Alive (KMA) event center inLas Vegas, Nevada. It aired onMSNBC andTelemundo.[88] Sanders was asked a series of questions before the microphone was turned over to Hillary Rodham Clinton. A number of questions were directed at Latino and American-Islamic issues and some questions were asked in Spanish. Young voters and first-time voters also spoke.

February 23, 2016 – Columbia, South Carolina

[edit]

The seventh forum and Town Hall event was held at 8:00 pm EST on February 23, 2016, at the campus of theUniversity of South Carolina inColumbia, South Carolina. It was aired onCNN.[89]

March 7, 2016 – Detroit, Michigan

[edit]

The eighth forum, a Town Hall event, was held at 6:00 p.m. EST on March 7, 2016, at theGem Theatre inDetroit, Michigan, on theFox News Channel.[90] The forum was moderated byBret Baier.

March 13, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio

[edit]

The ninth forum was held at 8:00 pm EDT on March 13, 2016, at the campus ofOhio State University inColumbus, Ohio, and aired onCNN.[91]

March 14, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio and Springfield, Illinois

[edit]

The tenth forum was held at 6:00 pm EDT on March 14, 2016, at the campus ofOhio State University inColumbus, Ohio, and at theOld State Capitol State Historic Site inSpringfield, Illinois. It aired onMSNBC. The first section of the town hall with Bernie Sanders was moderated byChuck Todd in Columbus; the second section of the town hall with Hillary Clinton was moderated byChris Matthews in Springfield.

March 21, 2016 – Washington, D.C.

[edit]

The eleventh forum was held at 8:00 pm EDT on March 21, 2016. This was known as the Final Five Forum byCNN, and includedHillary Clinton,Donald Trump,Ted Cruz andJohn Kasich live, withBernie Sanders participating remotely. The event was hosted byAnderson Cooper.

March 30, 2016 – Wisconsin and New York City

[edit]

The twelfth forum was held at 7:00 pm EDT on March 30, 2016. This was a four-hour special onMSNBC, with the first hour featuringJohn Kasich in Queens, New York in a town hall format moderated byChuck Todd, with the next hour being a town hall withDonald Trump in Green Bay, Wisconsin moderated byChris Matthews.Rachel Maddow conducted back-to-back one-on-one interviews withHillary Clinton andBernie Sanders.

April 25, 2016 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

[edit]

The thirteenth forum was held on April 25, 2016, at theNational Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania onMSNBC.[92]Chris Hayes interviewed Bernie Sanders at 8:00 pm EDT, andRachel Maddow interviewed Hillary Clinton at 9:00 pm EDT.

Criticism and controversy

[edit]

Number of debates

[edit]

Bernie Sanders andMartin O'Malley criticized the number of DNC debates, saying that there should have been more of them.[93][94] The DNC had scheduled six debates, the same number it had scheduled in the previous two contested primaries, 2004 and 2008.[95] Democratic Party candidates are not formally allowed to participate in non-sanctioned debates if they want to participate in the official DNC debates.[96] However, that rule is unenforceable if candidates jointly agree to additional debates or if the sanctioned debates are already over, as was the case in 2016 and in previous years when additional debates were scheduled.[97]

Criticism over the number of debates reached a peak at the DNC's national meeting inMinneapolis on August 28. State SenatorMartha Fuller Clark, vice chair of the New Hampshire Democratic Party, reportedly had an "intense discussion" about the number of debates with DNC chairwomanDebbie Wasserman Schultz.[98] During the national meeting, candidate Martin O'Malley criticized DNC officials for the lack of debates. Cecil Benjamin, chair of the Democratic Party of the US Virgin Islands, interrupted the meeting to offer a motion to increase the number of debates; the motion received applause and cheers from the audience.[99]

In early September, CongresswomanTulsi Gabbard and former Mayor of MinneapolisR. T. Rybak released a statement calling for more debates and for releasing the restrictions imposed to keep candidates from participating in non-DNC debates.[100] Former DNC chairHoward Dean expressed his disappointment in the rule barring candidates from non-DNC debates, saying "It's not right."[101] A small protest took place outside the DNC headquarters in Washington, D.C., on September 16 calling for more debates.[102] On September 18, House Minority LeaderNancy Pelosi echoed calls for more debates in an interview with theLos Angeles Times.[103]

On September 19, 2015, during her speech at theNew Hampshire Democratic Party convention, DNC chair Wasserman Schultz was heckled with shouts for more debates.[104] On September 22, theVermont Democratic Party sent a letter to the DNC calling for more debates.[105]

Black Lives Matter debate

[edit]

A week after the first debate was held in Las Vegas, the organization Black Lives Matter (which plays a central part inthe movement of the same name) launched a petition targeted at the DNC and chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz demanding more debates, and "specifically for a #BlackLivesMatter themed Presidential debate."[106][107] The petition received over 10,000 signatures within 24 hours of being launched,[108] and had over 33,000 signatures as of October 27.[109] The DNC said that it would permit presidential candidates to attend a presidential town hall organized by activists, but that it would not add another debate to its official schedule.[110] In response, the organization released a press statement on its Facebook page stating that "[i]n consultation with our chapters, our communities, allies, and supporters, we remain unequivocal that a Presidential Town Hall with support from the DNC does not sufficiently respond to the concerns raised by our members", continuing to demand a full additional debate.[108]

Candidates invited to debate

[edit]

Harvard professorLawrence Lessig, who announcedhis campaign on September 6, criticized the requirement that Democratic candidates must earn at least 1% in three major national polls in the six weeks before the debate. His criticism was centered on the fact that he was excluded from most polls because the Democratic National Committee (DNC) did not officially welcome him to the campaign as it had done for all five other candidates. In the two weeks following his announcement, Lessig was only included in one national poll, in which he met the 1% requirement; other national polls included Vice President Biden, who had yet to announce whether he was running.[111][112] The day before the CNN debate, the Bloomberg Editorial Board published an editorial entitled, "Let All the Candidates Debate, Democrats," calling for the DNC to include Lessig in the debate, but this demand went unheeded.[113]

Lessig, upon his withdrawal from the campaign, was quoted as saying that "from the start it was clear that getting into the Democratic debates was the essential step in this campaign. I may be known in tiny corners of the tubes of the internets, but I am not well-known to the American public generally." Lessig acknowledged that in order to raise the discussion of campaign finance reform in the 2016 election, getting into debates was key. "But last week, we learned that the Democratic party has changed its rules for inclusion in the debate," he said. The DNC debate-qualifying rule originally required a candidate to poll at least 1% in three national pollsduring the six weeks prior to a debate. Under the new rule, which Lessig stated was the reason for his campaign suspension, a candidate is required to poll at least 1% in three national polls at least six weeksbefore a debate. Lessig said that "unless we can time travel, there is no way that I can qualify." He then announced the suspension of his campaign.[114]

Dates with low expected ratings

[edit]

The campaigns of both Bernie Sanders and Martin O'Malley criticized the days and times for the debates, as well as stating that more of them were needed.[115] Of the nine debates, two took place on a Saturday, two on Sunday, three on a Thursday, one on a Tuesday and one on a Wednesday.[116] The choice of Saturday was criticised because it generally has lower television viewership according toNielsen ratings,[117] with only Friday nights having lower ratings.[118] While the first Democratic debate took place on a Tuesday night and drew 15.3 million viewers,[119] the second Democratic debate took place on a Saturday night and drew only about 8.5 million viewers.[120] The third Democratic debate also took place on a Saturday night, and drew slightly lower but comparable ratings to the second debate.[121] In the event, the Saturday night debates were the third- and fifth-most watched debates.[116]

One of the Saturday night debates took place the Saturday before Christmas, and another took place on Sunday night of Martin Luther King Day weekend, a scheduling that Vox.com says is also expected to make for poor ratings.[118]

Democratic National Committee (DNC) chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz has denied claims that the DNC wants to protect frontrunner Hillary Clinton by picking dates that will receive poor viewership.[122]

See also

[edit]

References

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