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| 1st Belorussian Front | |
|---|---|
 Standard of the 1st Belorussian Front | |
| Active | 1943–1945 |
| Country |  Soviet Union |
| Branch | .svg) Red Army |
| Type | Army group |
| Role | Co-ordination and conduct of Red Army Operations in Ukraine, Poland, and Germany |
| Size | Several Armies |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Marshal Konstantin K. Rokossovsky (October 1943 – November 1944) Marshal Georgy K. Zhukov (November 1944 – June 1945) |
The1st Belorussian Front (Russian:Пéрвый Белорусский фронт,Pervyy Belorusskiy front, also romanized "Byelorussian"), known without a numeral as theBelorussian Front between October 1943 and February 1944, was amajor formation of theRed Army duringWorld War II, being equivalent to a Westernarmy group. Alongside the1st Ukrainian Front, it was the largest and most powerful among all Soviet fronts, as their main effort was tocapture Berlin, the capital ofNazi Germany.
Initially, the Belorussian Front was created on 20 October 1943 as the new designation of the existingCentral Front. It was placed under the command of GeneralKonstantin K. Rokossovsky, who had been commanding the Central Front. It launched theGomel-Rechitsa Offensive in 1943 and then theKalinkovichi-Mozyr Offensive in 1944.
It was then renamed the 1st Belorussian Front (1BF) on 17 February 1944 following theDnieper–Carpathian Offensive. A few days later, on 21 February, theRogachev-Zhlobin Offensive commenced, which continued until 26 February.[1] The next operation was theBobruysk Offensive, part ofOperation Bagration, and on 26 June the attacks of 1BF encircled Bobruisk, trapping 40,000 troops of the German 41st Panzer Corps (part of 9th Army). From 18 July - 2 August the Front was part of theLublin-Brest Offensive. From 2 August to 30 September, the Front was engaged cleaning out Germans to the east of the Vistula (during which theBattle of Radzymin took place from 1–10 August). Its8th Guards,28th,47th,65th,69th, and70th Armies were involved at Radzymin. Later during that same period on 14 September, with the support of Polish forces, 1BF capturedPraga, a suburb of Warsaw.
The next attack was theWarsaw-Poznań Operation, a part of theVistula-Oder Offensive. On 13 January, 1BF began an offensive towardPillkallen (Schlossberg between 1938 and 1945) inEast Prussia, against which they met stiff resistance from the3rd Panzer Army. The 1st Belorussian Front opened its attack on the German Ninth Army from theMagnuszew andPuławy bridgeheads at 08:30 on 14 January, again commencing with a heavy bombardment.[2] The33rd and69th Armies broke out of the Puławy bridgehead to a depth of 30 km, while the5th Shock and8th Guards Armies broke out of the Magnuszew bridgehead. The2nd and1st Guards Tank Armies were committed after them to exploit the breach. On 25 January, the Front cut off the fortress city ofPoznań which held 66,000 Germans, and continued its 80 km a day advance, leaving the8th Guards Army tolay siege to the city, which they finally took on 23 February.[3]
Along with the1st Ukrainian Front, 1BF then stormed Berlin in the climacticBattle of Berlin.
Marshal Georgy Zhukov was appointed commander of the 1BF in November 1944, for its last two great offensives of World War II. After the capture of Poland and East Prussia (its capture was finished on 25 April with capture ofPillau) from January–March 1945, the Soviets redeployed their forces during the first two weeks of April. Marshal Georgy Zhukov concentrated 1BF, which had been deployed along the Oder river fromFrankfurt in the south to the Baltic, into an area in front of theSeelow Heights. The 2nd Belorussian Front moved into the positions being vacated by the 1BF north of the Seelow Heights. While this redeployment was in progress, gaps were left in the lines and the remnants of the German II Army which had been bottled up in a pocket nearDanzig managed to escape across the Oder.
In the early hours of 16 April theBerlin Offensive Operation started with the objectives ofcapturing Berlin and linking up with Western Allied forces on theElbe. The operation started with anassault on the Seelow Heights by 1BF and by MarshalKonev's1st Ukrainian Front (1UF) to the south. Initially the 1BF had great difficulty smashing through the German lines of defence, but after three days they had broken through and were approaching the outskirts of Berlin. By 22 April 1BF had penetrated the northern and eastern suburbs of Berlin. They finished the encirclement of Berlin on 25 April when units of the 1BF and 1UF met at Kietzen west of Berlin. After heavy street-by-street andhouse to house fighting,General Weidling, the commander of Berlin's garrison, met with Marshal Chuikov and surrendered Berlin unconditionally at 15:00 hours local time on 2 May.
On 8 May, after a signing ceremony in Berlin, the German armed forces surrendered to the Allies unconditionally andthe war in Europe was over. Following the war, the Front headquarters formed theGroup of Soviet Forces in Germany.
The Front's Commissars included
The 1st Belorussian Front included: