Calendar year
December 9 : Spain's commanding General de la Serna surrenders to Sucre at the decisiveBattle of Ayacucho in Peru.1824 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1824 (MDCCCXXIV ) was aleap year starting on Thursday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1824th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 24th year of the19th century , and the 5th year of the1820s decade. As of the start of 1824, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 8 – After much controversy,Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of theRoyal Society in London, with only one vote against him.[ 1] January 21 –First Anglo-Ashanti War :Battle of Nsamankow – forces of theAshanti Empire crush British forces in theGold Coast (modern-dayGhana ), killing the British governorSir Charles MacCarthy .[ 2] February 10 –Simón Bolívar is proclaimed dictator ofPeru .[ 3] [ 4] February 20 —William Buckland formally announces the nameMegalosaurus [ 5] February 21 – TheChumash Revolt of 1824 begins against the Spanish presence inAlta California (now the U.S. state ofCalifornia ) as an uprising by theChumash people atMission Santa Inés (nowSolvang ,Mission Santa Barbara , andMission La Purisima (nowLompoc in what is nowSanta Barbara County, California . ByJune 28 , the uprising ends after the Spanish government and the Chumash leaders reach a peace agreement.[ 6] March 4 – TheRoyal National Lifeboat Institution is founded in the British Isles.[ 7] March 5 – TheFirst Anglo-Burmese War begins in much of what is nowBangladesh , and lasts for almost two years until the surrender of territories by the Kingdom of Burma on February 24, 1826.[ 8] [ 9] March 7 – In theFlorida Territory , the announcement is made fromSt. Augustine that the capital will be moved toTallahassee .[citation needed March 9 – TheNetherlands Trading Society (Netherlandsche Handel-Maatschappij ), predecessor of the Dutch bankABN AMRO , is founded.[ 10] March 11 – TheUnited States War Department creates theBureau of Indian Affairs .[ 11] March 17 – TheAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 is signed to resolve territorial disputes between the British Empire and the Netherlands over control of the Malay Peninsula and the Dutch East Indies (now Malaysia and Indonesia)[ 12] March 19 – American explorerBenjamin Morrell departsAntarctica after a voyage later plagued by claims of fraud.[ 13] April 19: Death ofLord Byron April 7 – TheMechanics' Institution is established inManchester , England at the Bridgewater Arms hotel, as part of a national movement for the education of working men. The institute is the precursor to two Universities in the city: theUniversity of Manchester and theMetropolitan University of Manchester (MMU).[ 14] [ 15] [ 16] April 9 – The first permanent settlers arrive to construct the new city ofTallahassee, Florida , selected to be the capital of theFlorida Territory newly acquired from the Kingdom of Spain; the area has been selected because it is roughly equidistant from the territory's main cities,Pensacola andSt. Augustine .[ 17] April 19 –Lord Byron (George Gordon Byron), the British poet, dies at the age of 36 in the Greek city ofMissolonghi , where he had taken ill while making plans to liberate the Greeks from Ottoman rule, "not in combat, but of a fever caught in the unhealthy conditions at Missolonghi... exacerbated, it is generally agreed, by the over-zealous actions of his doctors, whobled him excessively."[ 18] April 30 – TheApril Revolt (La Abrilada ) inPortugal begins whenPrince Miguel acts against hisLiberal opponents in defiance of his fatherJohn VI .[ 19] May 7 –Ludwig van Beethoven 'sNinth Symphony Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna. The deaf composer has to be turned around on the stage to witness the enthusiastic audience reaction.[ 20] May 24 –First Anglo-Burmese War : The British takeRangoon , capital of the Kingdom of Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar), in a surprise attack.[ 21] June 16 – TheRoyal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is established in Great Britain.[ 22] August 6:Battle of Junín July 2 – TheConfederation of the Equator begins inPernambuco, Brazil : Wealthy landowners against the government ofEmperor Pedro I initiate a secessionist movement for the independence of Pernambuco.[ 23] [ 24] July 8 – QueenKamāmalu of Hawaii dies ofmeasles , while accompanying her husband during a visit to the United Kingdom.[ 25] July 10 –Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States :Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette and a beloved hero of the American Revolution, departs from the port ofLe Havre in France on the shipCadmus for a triumphant return to the United States; he arrives in New York on August 15.[ 26] July 13 – KingKamehameha II of Hawaii dies ofmeasles , during a visit to the United Kingdom, before he can meet with KingGeorge IV .[ 27] Kamehameha III .July 19 – DonAgustín de Iturbide , who had formerly beenPresident of Mexico and then proclaimed himself Emperor Agustin the First, until being overthrown on March 19, 1823, is executed by a firing squad in the city ofPadilla , five days after returning from exile in England.[ 28] [ 29] July 25 – TheMontparnasse Cemetery opens in Paris, France.[ 30] August 6 –Peruvian War of Independence :Battle of Junín – Pro-independence forces defeat the Spanish in the highlands of the Junín region.[ 31] August 7 – TheFirst Anglo-Ashanti War ends when forces of theAshanti Empire flee the field.[ 32] August 15 – Thevisit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States begins atStaten Island .[ 26] September 13 – With his crew and 29convicts aboard theAmity John Oxley arrives at and founds theMoreton Bay Penal Settlement at what becomesBrisbane, Queensland , in Australia, after leavingSydney .[ 33] September 16 –Charles X succeeds his brotherLouis XVIII as King of France.[ 34] September 26 – The earliest reference by the British government to an official renaming of its South Pacific Ocean territory as "Australia" comes in a dispatch titled "Taking Possession of Melville and Bathurst Islands", as the Admiral SirGordon Bremer refers to "the North Coast ofNew Holland orAustralia ".[ 35] December 9:Battle of Ayacucho October 4 – TheFirst Constitution of Mexico is ratified, declaring the country to be afederal republic called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos).[ 36] October 10 – TheEdinburgh Town Council founds the Edinburgh Municipal Fire Brigade, the firstfire brigade in Britain, under the leadership ofJames Braidwood .[citation needed October 21 –Joseph Aspdin patentsPortland cement , receiving BP 5,022 forAn Improvement in the Mode of Producing an Artificial Stone .[ 37] November 5 –Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , the firsttechnological university in the English-speaking world, is founded inTroy, New York .[ 38] November 19 [O.S. November 7] – In the1824 St. Petersburg flood , the worst up to that time in the Russian capital,Saint Petersburg , water rises 421 centimetres (166 in) above normal, and at least 200 people are killed.[ 39] November 30 – The first sod is turned inOntario for the first of fourWelland Canals .[ 40] December 3 –1824 United States presidential election : None of the four candidates for U.S. president—Andrew Jackson ,John Quincy Adams ,Henry Clay orWilliam H. Crawford — gain a majority of the electoral votes, although Jackson has a plurality of 40.5% of the popular vote.John C. Calhoun wins a majority of the electoral votes for Vice President. The election for President is carried out by theU.S. House of Representatives on February 9, 1825, pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, with each of the 24 states having a vote, of which Adams receives 13 votes for the minimum majority necessary .[ 41] December 9 –Peruvian War of Independence :Battle of Ayacucho – Colombian and Peruvian forces led byAntonio José de Sucre defeat the Spanish. The commander,Viceroy de la Serna , surrenders, ending Spain's domination of South America.[ 42] December 24 – The first American social fraternity,Chi Phi (ΧΦ), is founded atPrinceton University .[ 43] December 28 – In Australia, in what is nowNew South Wales , theBathurst War comes to an end, with the defeat of theWiradjuri indigenous nation and the peaceful surrender of their leader, ChiefWindradyne , at a feast at Parramatta.[ 44] Bedřich Smetana Amasa Leland Stanford Gustav Kirchhoff Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin January 7 –Julia Kavanagh , Irish novelist (d. 1877)January 8 –Wilkie Collins , English novelist (d. 1889)January 15 –Marie Duplessis , French courtesan (d. 1847)January 21 –Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson , American Confederate general (d. 1863)January 26 –Emil Czyrniański , Polish chemist (d. 1888)February 7 –Sir William Huggins , British astronomer (d. 1910)February 8 –Barnard Elliott Bee, Jr. , American Confederate general (d. 1861)February 12 –Dayananda Saraswati , Hindu religious leader, Vedic scholar who founded the reform movementArya Samaj February 14 –Winfield Scott Hancock , American Civil War Union general, Democratic presidential candidate (d. 1886)February 27 –Prince Kuni Asahiko of Japan (d. 1891)March 2 –Bedřich Smetana , Czech composer (d. 1884)March 9 –Amasa Leland Stanford , American tycoon, industrialist and politician, 8thGovernor of California (d. 1893)March 12 –Gustav Kirchhoff , German physicist (d. 1887)March 19 –William Allingham , Irish author (d. 1889)March 22 –Charles Pfizer , German-American chemist, co-founder ofPfizer March 25 –Clinton L. Merriam , American politician (d. 1900)March 26 –Julie-Victoire Daubié , French journalist (d. 1874)March 27 –Johann Wilhelm Hittorf , German physicist (d. 1914)April 6 –George Waterhouse , 7th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1906)April 7 –Edward Jones , trespasser who continually broke intoBuckingham Palace (d. 1895)April 13 –William Alexander , Anglican bishop, Primate of All Ireland (d. 1911)May 3 –Pio Siotto , Italian artist, cameo engraver (d. ?)[ 45] May 6 –Tokugawa Iesada , 13thshōgun Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (d. 1858)May 9 –Jacob ben Moses Bachrach , noted Polish-born apologist of Rabbinic Judaism (d. 1896)May 23 –Ambrose Burnside ,American Civil War general,inventor , politician fromRhode Island (d. 1881)June 7 –Bernhard von Gudden , German neuroanatomist, psychiatrist (d. 1886)June 8 –Arthur von Mohrenheim , Russian diplomat (d. 1906)June 20 –George Edmund Street , British architect (d. 1881)June 26 –William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin , Irish-born physicist, engineer (d. 1907)June 27 –Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney , American writer, reformer, philanthropist (d. 1904)June 28 –Paul Broca , French physician, anthropologist (d. 1880)Edward Cooper George MacDonald July 1 –Casto Méndez Núñez , Spanish admiral (d. 1869)July 12 –Eugène Boudin , French painter (d. 1898)July 19 –Horace W. Carpentier , American politician, 1st governor ofOakland, California (d. 1918)July 21 –Stanley Matthews , American politician,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1889)July 27 –Alexandre Dumas, fils , French writer (d. 1895)August 3 –William Burnham Woods ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1887)August 7 –Gideon T. Stewart , American temperance movement leader (d. 1907)August 13 –John J. Robison , American politician in Michigan (d. 1897)[ 46] August 26 –Marie Simon , German nurse (d. 1877)[ 47] September 4 September 27 –Benjamin Apthorp Gould , American astronomer (d. 1896)October 2 –Henry C. Lord , American railroad executive (d. 1884)October 5 –Henry Chadwick , English-born American baseball writer, historian (d. 1908)October 18 –Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano , Spanish author (d. 1905)October 26 –Edward Cooper , 83rdMayor of New York City (d. 1905)October 27 –Edward Maitland , British writer (d. 1897)November 20 –Sydenham E. Ancona , American educator, politician and member of theUnited States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1867 (d. 1913)November 24 –Frederick Miller , German-born American brewer, businessman (d. 1888)December 10 –George MacDonald , Scottish writer (d. 1905)December 11 –Jonathan Letterman , American surgeon, "Father of Battlefield Medicine" (d. 1872)December 14 –Pierre Puvis de Chavannes , French painter (d. 1898)December 18 –Sir John Hall , 12th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1907)December 27 –Charlotta Norberg , Swedish ballerina (d. 1892)Théodore Géricault January 16 –Fabian Wrede ,Swedish field marshal (b. 1760)January 21 –Jean-Baptiste Drouet , French revolutionary (b. 1765)January 26 –Théodore Géricault , French painter (b. 1791)January 29 –Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern , wife of Charles Edward Stuart (b. 1752)February 9 –Anne Catherine Emmerich , German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (b. 1774)February 21 –Eugène de Beauharnais , son ofJoséphine de Beauharnais (b. 1781)April 3 –Sally Seymour , American pastry chef and restaurateurApril 19 –George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron , English poet (b. 1788)May 15 –Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen , German statesman (b. 1763)May 26 –Capel Lofft , English writer (b. 1751)May 29 –Jean-Baptiste Willermoz , French Freemason (b. 1730)June 16 –Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance , Third Consul of France (b. 1739)June 18 –Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1769)June 21 –Étienne Aignan , French writer (b. 1773)Louis XVIII July 14 –Kamehameha II ,King of Hawaii (b. 1797)July 19 July 20 –Maine de Biran , French philosopher (b. 1766)July 21 –Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II),King of Siam (Thailand ) (b. 1767)August 12 –Charles Nerinckx , Belgian-born founder of theSisters of Loretto (b. 1761)August 24 –Valentine Quin, 1st Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl , Irish politician (b. 1752)September 16 – KingLouis XVIII of France (b. 1755)October 13 –Sir James Lamb, 1st Baronet of England (b. 1752)October 30 –Charles Maturin , Irish writer (b. 1773)December 5 –Anne Louise Boyvin d'Hardancourt Brillon de Jouy , French confidant ofBenjamin Franklin (b. 1744)December 21 –James Parkinson , English surgeon, apothecary, geologist, palaeontologist and political activist (b. 1755)December 23 –Pushmataha , chief of theChoctaw Nation (b. c. 1764)^ Fullmer, June Z. (1991-12-15)."Faraday's election to the Royal Society: A reputation in jeopardy" Bulletin for the History of Chemistry (11):17– 28.doi :10.70359/bhc1991n11p017 .hdl :2142/125970 .ISSN 1053-4385 . ^ Raugh, Harold E. (2004).The Victorians at war : 1815 - 1914 : an encyclopedia of British military history 33– 34.ISBN 1-57607-925-2 . Retrieved6 March 2016 . ^ McFarlane, Anthony (2014).War and Independence in Spanish America .Routledge . p. 398.ISBN 978-1-85728-783-7 ^ McFarlane 2014 , p. 398.^ Buckland, W. (1824)."Notice on theMegalosaurus or great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield" .Transactions of the Geological Society of London . 2.1 (2):390– 396.doi :10.1144/transgslb.1.2.390 .S2CID 129920045 . ^ Sandos, James (Summer 1985). "LEVANTAMIENTO!: The 1824 Chumash Uprising Reconsidered".Southern California Quarterly .67 (2):109– 133.doi :10.2307/41171145 .JSTOR 41171145 . ^ Leach, Nicholas (2006).Cornwall's Lifeboat Heritage . Twelveheads Press. p. 12.ISBN 0-906294-43-6 ^ G.E. Harvey (1925). "Notes: Fire-Arms".History of Burma . London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. p. 341. ^ Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1967).History of Burma (2nd ed.). London: Sunil Gupta. pp. 236– 237. ^ J.L. van en A. van Riel Zanden (2000);Nederland 1780-1914: Staat, instituties en economische ontwikkeling , p. 139-145; Uitgeverij Balans, Amsterdam.ISBN 9050185193 ^ Jackson, Curtis (1997).A History of the Bureau of Indian affairs and Its Activities Among Indians . San Francisco, California: R & E Research. p. 43. ^ H.R.C. Wright, "The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824."Economic History Review 3.2 (1950): 229–239online . ^ Morrell, Benjamin (1832).A Narrative of Four Voyages...etc 69– 70. RetrievedDecember 17, 2009 . ^ Anon (2024)."Celebrating our bicentenary: 200 years of education and innovation" .manchester.ac.uk . Archived fromthe original on 2023-08-15. ^ Anon (2024)."History of UMIST" .manchester.ac.uk . Archived fromthe original on 2014-09-24. ^ Anon (2024)."Our history and heritage" .mmu.ac.uk . Archived fromthe original on 2019-04-03. ^ Paul E. Hoffman,Florida's Frontiers (Indiana University Press, 2002) p298 ^ Edward John Trelawny ,Records of Shelley, Byron and the Author (Penguin, 2013)^ Bigotte de Carvalho, Maria Irene (1997).Nova Enciclopédia Larousse vol. 1 . Círculo de Leitores. p. 29.ISBN 972-42-1477-X OCLC 959016748 . ^ Albrecht, Theodor,Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony: Rehearsing and Performing its 1824 Premiere ,ISBN 9781837651054 ^ Maung Htin Aung (1967).A History of Burma 212 ,214– 215.^ Sheppard, F H W."Jermyn Street Pages 271-284 Survey of London: Volumes 29 and 30, St James Westminster, Part 1. Originally published by London County Council, London, 1960" .British History Online . Retrieved12 August 2020 . ^ Enciclopédia Barsa. Volume 5: Camarão, Rep. Unida do – Contravenção. Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil, 1987, p. 464 ^ Vianna, Hélio. História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república. 15. ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1994, p. 432Vianna, Hélio. História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república. 15. ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1994, p.433 ^ Stanford T. Shulman; Deborah L. Shulman; Ronald H. Sims (August 2009). "The Tragic 1824 Journey of the Hawaiian King and Queen to London: History of Measles in Hawaii".The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal .28 (8):728– 733.doi :10.1097/INF.0b013e31819c9720 .PMID 19633516 .S2CID 19374372 . ^a b Sketch of the Life and Military Services of Gen. La Fayette, during the American Revolution , p.17.^ Lincoln C. Yamashita,Warriors: Pu` Ali Koa (Trafford Publishing, 2011) p.46. ^ John Milton Niles,View of South-America and Mexico, by a citizen of the United States (H. Huntington, 1825) pp.805-206. ^ Will Fowler,Santa Anna of Mexico (University of Nebraska Press, 2009) p.133. ^ Barozzi, Jacques (2012).Secrets Des Cimetières de Paris . France: massin. p. 68.ISBN 978-2707207630 ^ Torrente, Mariano (1830).Historia de la revolución hispano-americana, Volumen 3 ^ Lloyd, Alan (1964).The Drums of Kumasi: the story of the Ashanti wars . London: Longmans. pp. 39– 53.LCCN 65006132 .OL 5937815M . ^ Stephanie Ryan (11 October 2022)."The Moreton Bay convict settlement: origins of Queensland" . Retrieved24 January 2023 . ^ Price, Munro .The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions . Macmillan. pp. 185– 187.^ (W. G. Murray, Government Printer, 1922) p.781 ^ "The Constitution of the Mexican United States, 1824" .tamu.edu . Wallace L. McKeehan. RetrievedFebruary 4, 2017 .^ Hewlett, Peter C., ed. (2001).Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete ISBN 0-340-56589-6 ^ "RPI History" . Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Retrieved1 May 2009 .^ "The St. Petersburg Flood of 1824" .Environment & Society Portal . February 25, 2014.^ "The Welland Canals – History" .^ Kolodny, Robin."The Several Elections of 1824." (1996) ^ Batallas Decisivas de la Historia de España (Decisive Battles in the History of Spain) (Ed. Aguilar, 2004).^ Varnum Lansing Collins,Princeton (Oxford University Press, 1914) p.219 ^ Ben Kiernan,Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur (Yale University Press, 2008) p.264 ^ "Empress Victoria Cameo Brooch by Pio Siotto" .antiquecameos.net . Antique Cameos. Retrieved20 June 2023 .^ Portrait and Biographical Album of Washtenaw County, Michigan: Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, Together with Biographies of All the Governors of the State, and of the Presidents of the United States University of Michigan : Biographical Publishing Company. 1891. p. 202.^ Venske, Ruth (August 25, 2009)."Biografie von Marie Simon (1824-1877)" [Biography of Marie Simon (1824-1877)].Sächsische Biografie . Retrieved2023-08-26 . 
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