Calendar year
1823 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1823 .
1823 (MDCCCXXIII ) was acommon year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar , the 1823rd year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 23rd year of the19th century , and the 4th year of the1820s decade. As of the start of 1823, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
February 20 :James Weddell 'sJane andBeaufoy at their furthest south.January 22 – By secret treaty signed at theCongress of Verona , theQuintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invadeSpain for the purpose of restoringFerdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutionary liberals) as absolute monarch of the country.January 23 – In Paviland Cave on theGower Peninsula of Wales,William Buckland inspects the "Red Lady of Paviland ", the first identification of a prehistoric (male) human burial (although Buckland dates it as Roman).[ 1] February 3 February 10 – The first worldwide carnival parade takes place inCologne ,Prussia .February 11 –Carnival tragedy of 1823 : About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at theConvent of the Minori Osservanti inValletta ,Malta .February 15 (approx.) – The first officially recognisedgold is found inAustralia , by surveyor James McBrien atFish River , nearBathurst, New South Wales , predating theAustralian gold rushes .February 20 – ExplorerJames Weddell 's expedition to Antarctica reacheslatitude 74°15' S andlongitude 34°16'45" W: thesouthernmost position any ship has reached at this time.March 15 – SailorBenjamin Morrell erroneously reports the existence of the island ofNew South Greenland nearAntarctica .[ 2] March 19 – EmperorAgustín de Iturbide of Mexico abdicates, thus ending the short-livedFirst Mexican Empire .April 7 : The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis ", a French infantry force, begin an attack on Spain that lasts until November.August 18 : TheDemerara rebellion of 1823 is started by 10,000 black slaves in British Guiana.July 1 – TheCongress of Central America declares absolute independence from Spain, Mexico and any other foreign nation, including North America, and a republican system of government is established.July 4 –Royal assent is given to several significantActs of Parliament in the United Kingdom , after theHome Secretary (and future Prime Minister)Robert Peel had worked to get approval by Parliament. Approved are theJudgment of Death Act 1823 , effectively abolishing thedeath penalty for over 100 offences and ;[ 9] transportation .;[ 10] [ 9] Gaols Act 1823 is given assent, beginning the process of prison reform based on the campaign ofElizabeth Fry .[ 9] July 15 – TheBasilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome is almost completely destroyed by fire.[ 11] July 28 – The first theatrical adaptation of theFrankenstein Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein Royal Opera House ,Covent Garden in London. On August 29,Mary Shelley attends a performance, the only version of her novel she will ever see.[ 12] August 1 –William Pitt Amherst arrives inCalcutta with Lady Amherst to become the newGovernor-General of India .[ 13] August 4 –Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop , the Mexican government administrator in charge of Anglo-American immigration into Mexico's state ofCoahuila y Tejas , allowsStephen F. Austin to put together an 11-man police force, that will later be expanded to become theTexas Ranger Division .[ 14] August 5 – TheRoyal Hibernian Academy is founded inDublin .[ 15] August 16 – TsarAlexander I of Russia draws up a secret "manifesto", designating his second younger brotherNikolai to succeed him, bypassing Nikolai's older brother,Grand Duke Konstantin . The existence of the manifesto is revealed on Alexander's death in 1825.[ 16] August 18 –Demerara rebellion of 1823 : In the British colony ofDemerara-Essequibo (modern-day Guyana in South America), an insurrection of 10,000 black slaves begins; it is suppressed after three days, but hundreds of suspects are executed in the reprisals that follow.[ 17] August 20 –Pope Pius VII dies after a reign of more than 23 years that began on March 14, 1800; he is remembered for crowningNapoleon Bonaparte asEmperor of France .[ 18] August 24 –Hugh Glass gets mauled by a sow grizzly while on a fur trapping expedition in the Missouri Territory and has to crawl 200 miles for help.[ 19] August 31 –Battle of Trocadero : French infantry of the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" capture the fort of Trocadero and turn its guns onCádiz .September 10 –Simón Bolívar is named President ofPeru .September 17 –Pamplona surrenders to French forces after a five-month siege.September 22 –Joseph Smith first goes to the place nearManchester, New York , where thegolden plates are stored, having been directed there by God through an angel (according to what he writes in 1838).September 23 –First Anglo-Burmese War :Burmese forces attack the British on Shapura, an island close toChittagong .September 28 – Roman Catholic Cardinal Annibale della Genga is electedPope Leo XII .[ 18] September 30 –Cádiz surrenders to the French andFerdinand VII of Spain is restored to his throne, immediately repealing the liberalSpanish Constitution of 1812 . Despite French advice, he begins an era of repression against his opponents known as theOminous Decade .December 2 : TheMonroe Doctrine is introduced by U.S. PresidentJames Monroe .Carl Wilhelm Siemens Abdülmecid I January 1 –Sándor Petőfi , Hungarian poet, revolutionary (d. 1849)January 3 –Robert Whitehead , English engineer, inventor (d. 1905)January 8 –Alfred Russel Wallace , British naturalist, biologist (d. 1913)January 11 –Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau , French military officer and politician (d. 1878)January 27 –Édouard Lalo , French composer (d. 1892)February 15 –Li Hongzhang , Chinese politician, general and diplomat (d. 1901)February 28 March 3 –John George Adair , Scots-Irish businessman and landowner; also known as "Black Jack" for his eviction of 244 people in 1861; financier ofJA Ranch (d. 1885)March 8 –Gyula Andrássy , 4th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1890)March 14 –Théodore de Banville , French writer (d. 1891)March 18 –Antoine Chanzy , French general and colonial governor (d. 1883)April 1 –Simon Bolivar Buckner , American soldier, politician and Confederate soldier (d. 1914)April 3 –William M. Tweed , American political boss (d. 1878)April 4 –Carl Wilhelm Siemens , German engineer (d. 1883)April 24 –Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada , 27th President of Mexico (d. 1889)April 25 –Abdülmecid I ,Ottoman Sultan (d. 1861)May 2 –Emma Hardinge Britten (b. Emma Floyd), English-born spiritualist (d. 1899)May 9 –Sir Frederick Weld , 6th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)May 15 May 17 –Henry Eckford , British horticulturist (d. 1905)May 22 –Solomon Bundy , American politician (d. 1889)May 26 –William Pryor Letchworth , American businessman, philanthropist, founder ofLetchworth State Park , New YorkJuly 6 –Sophie Adlersparre , Swedish feminist (d. 1895)June 21 –Jean Chacornac , French astronomer (d. 1873)Max Müller Mackenzie Bowell July 9 (date uncertain ) –Phineas Gage , improbable American head injury survivor (d. 1860)July 18 July 23 –Coventry Patmore , English poet (d. 1896)August 3 –Thomas Francis Meagher , American Civil War general (d. 1867)August 4 –Oliver P. Morton , American politician (d. 1877)August 5 –Eliza Tibbets , mother of the California orange industry (d. 1898)August 10 August 11 –Charlotte Mary Yonge , English author (d. 1901)August 13 –Goldwin Smith , English historian (d. 1910)August 14 –Karel Miry , Belgian composer (d. 1889)August 15 –Orris S. Ferry , American Civil War general and politician (d. 1875)August 23 –Nil Izvorov , BulgarianOrthodox priest and venerable (d. 1905)September 16 –Ludwik Teichmann , Polish anatomist (d. 1895)September 28 –Alexandre Cabanel , French painter (d. 1889)November 1 –Lascăr Catargiu , 4-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1899)November 8 –Joseph Monier , French inventor (d. 1906)November 16 –Henry G. Davis , American politician (d. 1916)November 18 –Charles H. Bell , American politician (d. 1893)November 21 –Andrzej Jerzy Mniszech , Polish painter (d. 1905)November 25 –Henry Wirz , Swiss-born American Confederate military officer, prisoner-of-war camp commander (d. 1865)December 6 –Friedrich Max Müller , German-born Orientalist (d. 1900)December 9 –Rosalie Olivecrona , Swedish women's rights activist (d. 1898)December 13 –Ferdinand Büchner , German composer (d. 1906)December 22 –Thomas Wentworth Higginson , American Unitarian minister, abolitionist (d. 1911)December 27 –Sir Mackenzie Bowell , 5thPrime Minister of Canada (d. 1917)Edward Jenner Louis-Nicolas Davout January 21 January 22 –John Julius Angerstein , Russian-born English merchant, insurer and art collector (b. 1735)January 26 –Edward Jenner , English physician, medical researcher (b. 1749)January 27 –Charles Hutton , English mathematician (b. 1737)January 28 –Return J. Meigs Sr. , American colonel (b. 1740)February 9 –Agnes Ibbetson , English plant physiologist (b. 1757)February 7 –Ann Radcliffe , English writer (b. 1764)February 21 –Charles Wolfe , Irish poet (b. 1791)March 1 –Pierre-Jean Garat , French Basque opera singer (b. 1764)March 5 –Magdalena Rudenschöld , Swedish conspirator (b. 1766)March 14 March 18 March 19 –Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski , Polish aristocrat and patron of the arts (b. 1734)April 18 –George Cabot , American politician (b. 1752)June 1 –Louis-Nicolas Davout , French marshal (b. 1770)June 19 –William Combe , English writer, poet and adventurer (b. 1742)Giovanni Battista Belzoni Gregorio José Ramírez July 4 –Estcourt Cresswell , English politician (b. 1823)[ 23] July 8 – SirHenry Raeburn , Scottish painter (b. 1756)[ 24] August 1 –Francis Napier, 8th Lord Napier of Great Britain (b. 1758)August 7 –Mátyás Laáb , Croatian writer, translator (b. 1746)August 18 –John Treadwell , the fourthGovernor of Connecticut (b. 1745)August 20 –Pope Pius VII , Italian Benedictine (b. 1742)August 22 –Lazare Carnot , French general, politician and mathematician (b. 1753)August 30 –Pierre Prévost , Frenchpanorama painter (b. 1764)September 11 –David Ricardo , English economist (b. 1772)September 17 –Abraham-Louis Breguet , Swisshorologist , inventor (b. 1747)September 23 –Matthew Baillie , Scottish physician, pathologist (b. 1761)September 28 –Charlotte Melmoth , English-born American actress (b. 1749)November 9 –Vasily Kapnist , Ukrainian-Russian poet, dramatist (b. 1758)November 11 –Richard Richards , British judge and politician (b. 1752)December 3 –Giovanni Battista Belzoni , Italian explorer, pioneer archaeologist of Egypt (b. 1778)December 4 –Gregorio José Ramírez , Costa Rican politician, merchant and marine (b. 1796)^ Aldhouse-Green, Stephen (October 2001)."Great Sites: Paviland Cave" .British Archaeology (61). RetrievedJuly 16, 2010 . ^ Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992).Antarctica:Exploration, Perception and Metaphor ISBN 0-415-08225-0 ^ According to Gustav Schilling. ^ Bethell, Leslie (1985).Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822-1930 . Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ^ "Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov", inEncyclopædia Britannica 28 (1910) p. 213. ^ Hasty, Olga Peters (1999).Pushkin's Tatiana . University of Wisconsin Press. p. 14. ^ Robert Huish,The Memoirs Private and Political of Daniel O'Connell, Esq., M.P., His Times and Contemporaries (W. Johnston, 1836) p129 ^ Jie-Min, LCNA:Koh, Jaime,NIL:Vina; Singapore, National Library Board."Raffles Institution" .www.nlb.gov.sg . Retrieved2025-07-13 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^a b c d Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 252– 253.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "Timeline of capital punishment in Britain" . RetrievedMarch 3, 2012 .^ "Fires, Great", in Walford, Cornelius, ed.The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance . C. & E. Layton, 1876. p.71. ^ "Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein" . 2021-12-08.^ The Cambridge Modern History , Volume 11 (Macmillan, 1909) p727.^ Robert M. Utley,Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers (Oxford University Press, 2002) ^ Vaughn, W. E., ed. (1976).A New History of Ireland: Ireland Under the Union, 1870-1921 . Clarendon Press. p. 423. ^ Donald J. Raleigh and A.A. Iskenderov,The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Reconsidering the Romanovs (Routledge, 2015) ^ Gelien Matthews,Caribbean Slave Revolts and the British Abolitionist Movement (LSU Press, 2006) p21 ^a b Charles A. Coulombe,Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes (Citadel Press, 2003) pp393-397 ^ As featured in the 2002 novelThe Revenant film of the same title . ^ Anderson, Maureen (2008).Durham Mining Disasters: c1700-1950s . Barnsley: Wharncliffe. ^ Mathewson, George (July 22, 2014)."Founding of Corunna was a capital idea" .The Sarnia Journal .Archived from the original on 2019-03-20. Retrieved2020-11-20 . ^ "Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website" . Archived fromthe original on March 29, 2019. RetrievedApril 2, 2019 .^ "CRESSWELL, Estcourt (c.1745-1823), of Bibury, nr. Cirencester, Glos. and Pinkney Park, Wilts. | History of Parliament Online" .www.historyofparliamentonline.org . Retrieved2024-10-26 .^ "Sir Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)" .National Records of Scotland . 31 May 2013. Retrieved24 June 2022 .
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