Calendar year
October 24 : ThePeace of Westphalia is signed, ending theThirty Years' War .August 20 : The French Army defeats the Spanish Army at theBattle of Lens 1648 (MDCXLVIII ) was aleap year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1648th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 48th year of the17th century , and the 9th year of the1640s decade. As of the start of 1648, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
The year 1648 has been suggested as possibly the last time in which theoverall human population declined, coming towards the end of abroader period of global instability which included the collapse of theMing dynasty and theThirty Years' War , the latter of which ending in 1648 with thePeace of Westphalia .[ 1]
TheHoly Roman Empire in 1648 April 19 –First Battle of Guararapes : The Portuguese army defeats theDutch army, in the north ofBrazil .May 12 – Construction of theKaunghmudaw Pagoda is completed in the Kingdom of Burma on the 6th waning of Kason, 1010, near the end of the reign of KingThalun .Hmannan Yazawin [ 4] May 15 – ThePeace of Münster is ratified by both the United Netherlands and the Spanish Empire.May 16 – England's Commonwealth Army massacres 70Cornish royalists atPenzance , leading toa rebellion against England's Parliamentarians.May 20 –Wladyslaw IV Vasa ,King of Poland andGrand Duke of Lithuania , dies after a reign of 15 years. The throne remains vacant for six months until Wladyslaw's younger half-brother,John II Casimir Vasa , is elected by Poland's Parliament.June 1 – TheRoundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.June 20 – Russian explorerSemyon Dezhnyov departs from Srednekolymsk to begin the first recorded voyage through theBering Strait , between Asia and North America, and arrives in September.[ 5] July 19 – The last major battle of theThirty Years' War , theBattle of Prague ends in a Swedish victory after three days of fighting over the army ofBohemia . The troops loot thePrague Castle and steal many of Bohemia's most valuable artifacts.August 8 –Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeedsIbrahim I (1640–1648), asOttoman Emperor .August 16 – TheImam of Oman ,Nasir bin Murshid , dispatches an army to recaptureMuscat from Portuguese occupiers, who eventually surrender the town on January 23, 1650.August 20 – The French Army, under the command of thePrince of Condé , defeats the Spaniards at theBattle of Lens . Upon learning of the victory, Cardinal Mazarin orders the arrest of themembers of theFronde Parlementaire , leading to an insurrection in Paris.August – TheCambridge Platform , a new, localized system ofChristian church governance , is agreed upon and written down inNew England .September 12 – At theBattle of Stirling inScotland , the "Engagers " achieve victory over theKirk Party .October 24 – Signing of the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück concludes thePeace of Westphalia , ending theThirty Years' War . Rulers of theImperial States can personally convert toProtestant ,Catholic orCalvinist . Ecclesiastical property is restored to the status of 1624, with the minorities of each of the three recognized faiths granted toleration of worship, and there is general recognition of exclusive sovereignty, including that of theDutch Republic andSwitzerland .France andSweden gain territory, and the latter is granted anindemnity . However,France remains at war with Spain until 1659.October 31 – A treaty is signed between the Arabs and thePortuguese . The terms include a provision that the Portuguese should build fortresses atKuriyat ,Dibba Al-Hisn (Sharjah ) andMuttrah (Oman ).[ 6] November 11 – France and the Netherlands agree to divide theCaribbean island ofSaint Martin between them.December 11 – "Pride's Purge " in England: Elements of theNew Model Army , under the leadership ofOliver Cromwell invade London and expel a majority of theLong Parliament , resulting in the creation of theRump Parliament .Jeanne Guyon Caspar Neumann Tommaso Ceva January 1 –Matthijs Wulfraet , Dutch painter (d.1727 )January 14 –Clara Elisabeth von Platen , German noblewoman (d.1700 )February 1 –Elkanah Settle , English poet and playwright (d.1724 )February 23 –Arabella Churchill , English mistress ofJames II of England (d.1730 )February 26 –George Albert II, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau , held the fiefs of Fürstenau (d.1717 )March 2 –John Hales , English politician (d.1723 )March 5 –David Caspari , German Lutheran theologian (d.1702 )March 7 –Charles-Amador Martin , Canadian Catholic priest (d.1711 )March 12 –Charles de Sévigné , French baron (d.1713 )March 13 –Anne Henriette of Bavaria , Duchess of Guise (d.1723 )March 31 –Sebastiaen van Aken , Flemish painter (d.1722 )April 4 –Grinling Gibbons , Dutch-British sculptor and wood carver known for his work in England (d.1721 )April 5 –Nicolas Pasquin , early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (d.1708 )April 7 –John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby , English statesman and poet (d.1721 )April 8 –Charles, Count of Marsan , French noble (d.1708 )April 9 –Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Earl of Galway , French soldier and diplomat (d.1720 )April 13 –Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon , French mystic (d.1717 )April 16 –Antoine de Pas de Feuquières , French soldier (d.1711 )April 20 –Maurice Bocland , English Member of Parliament (d.1710 )April 23 –Philip Verheyen , Flemish physician (d.1710 )April 26 – KingPeter II of Portugal (d.1706 )May 12 –Philip Foley , English politician (d.1716 )May 14 –René de Froulay de Tessé , French Marshal and diplomat (d.1725 )May 15 –William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (from 1683) (d.1725 )May 23 –Johan Teyler , Dutch painter (d.1709 )May 24 –Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d.1699 )June 18 –Petrus Houttuyn , Dutch botanist (d.1709 )July 2 –Arp Schnitger , German organ builder (d.1719 )July 19 –Jakub Kresa , Czech mathematician (d.1715 )July 21 –John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee , Scottish general (d.1689 )July 25 –Joseph Anthelmi , French ecclesiastical historian (d.1697 )July 30 –Anne Marie Thérèse de Lorraine , Abbess of Remiremont (d.1661 )August 5 –Guichard Joseph Duverney , French anatomist (d.1730 )August 9 –Johann Michael Bach , German composer (d.1694 )August 11 –Jeremiah Shepard , American Puritan minister and the youngest son of Thomas Shepard (d.1720 )August 14 –Alphonse Henri, Count of Harcourt , French noble (d.1718 )August 22 August 30 –Jean-Baptiste Morvan de Bellegarde , French Jesuit (d.1734 )September 2 –Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels , German noblewoman (d.1681 )September 3 –Sarah Cloyce , American accused of witchcraft (d.1703 )September 6 –Johann Schelle , German composer (d.1701 )September 10 –Nicolas Desmarets , Controller-General of Finances under Louis XIV of France (d.1721 )September 14 September 24 –Richard Graham, 1st Viscount Preston , English politician (d.1695 )September 27 October 3 –Élisabeth Sophie Chéron , French musician (d.1711 )October 6 –Henrietta Catharina, Baroness von Gersdorff , German noblewoman; poet (d.1726 )October 13 –Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans , French princess (d.1664 )October 19 –Domenico Viva , Italian Jesuit theologian (d.1726 )October 22 –Aleijda Wolfsen , Dutch Golden Age painter (d.1692 )October 29 –John Verelst , Dutch Golden Age painter (d.1734 )November 12 November 15 –Juan María de Salvatierra , Italian Jesuit priest and missionary (d.1717 )November 16 –Charles Duncombe , English banker and politician (d.1711 )November 24 –Humphrey Humphreys , British bishop (d.1712 )November 27 –Petrus Codde , Dutch cleric, first Old Catholic bishop (d.1710 )December 5 –Charles François d'Angennes, Marquis de Maintenon , French nobleman, Caribbean buccaneer (d.1691 )December 6 –Leonard Goffiné , German Catholic priest and writer (d.1719 )December 15 –Gregory King , English statistician (d.1712 )December 20 –Tommaso Ceva , Italian Jesuit mathematician from Milan (d.1737 )December 23 –Robert Barclay , Scottish Quaker (d.1690 )Christian IV of Denmark Władysław IV Vasa January 14 –Caspar Barlaeus , Dutch polymath (b.1584 )January 15 –St. Francisco Fernandez de Capillas , Spanish saint (b.1607 )January 20 –Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken and Duchess of Birkenfeld (b.1607 )January 23 –Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla , Spanish dramatist (b.1607 )January 29 –Francesco Palliola , Italian Servant of God (b.1612 )February 22 –Wilhelm Lamormaini , Luxembourgian theologian (b.1570 )February 28 –Christian IV , King of Denmark and Norway (b.1577 )March 4 –Nicholas Stoughton , English politician (b.1592 )March 7 –Catherine of Lorraine , Abbess of Remiremont (b.1573 )March 12 –Tirso de Molina , Spanish writer (b.1571 )March 14 –Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron , English general (b.1584 )March 22 –Sir Edward Hussey, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.1585 )April 7 –Robert Roberthin , German poet (b.1600 )April 12 –Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau , regent of Hanau-Münzenberg (b.1578 )April 29 –John Forbes , Scottish theologian (b.1593 )May 17 –Peter Melander Graf von Holzappel , Protestant military leader (b.1589 )May 20 – KingWładysław IV Vasa of Poland (b.1595 )May 26 –Vincent Voiture , French poet (b.1597 )June 4 –George Seton, Lord Seton , Scottish noble (b.1613 )July 4 –Antoine Daniel , Jesuit missionary at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (b.1601 )July 31 –Noël Juchereau , Quebec pioneer (b.1593 )August 2 –Claude Françoise de Lorraine , Princess of Lorraine (b.1612 )August 5 –Ivan III Drašković , Croatian nobleman and soldier (b.1603 )August 12 –Peter Sainthill , English politician (b.1593 )August 18 –Ibrahim ,Ottoman Sultan (b.1615 )August 20 –Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury , English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (b.1583 )August 24 –Juan Damián López de Haro , Spanish Catholic bishop ofPuerto Rico (b.1581 )August 25 –Joseph Calasanz , Spanish priest and founder of Piarists (b.1557 )August 31 –Michele Mazzarino , Italian Catholic cardinal (b.1605 )September 1 –Marin Mersenne , French mathematician (b.1588 )October 11 –George I Rákóczi , Hungarian prince of Transylvania (b.1593 )October 15 –Simone Cantarini , Italian painter and engraver (b.1612 )November 1 –Ulrich II, Count of East Frisia , ruler of East Frisia (b.1605 )November 17 –Thomas Ford , English composer (b. c.1580 )November 25 –Daišan , Manchu politician (b.1583 )November 27 –Squire Bence , English politician (b.1597 )December 10 –Frederick IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b.1574 )December 17 –George Gillespie , Scottish theologian (b.1613 )December 25 –Claudia de' Medici (b.1604 )date unknown –Emerentia Krakow , Swedish war heroine^ John Green (July 10, 2018)."The General Crisis" (Video) .YouTube Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. RetrievedJuly 11, 2018 .^ Jane Milling and Peter Thomson,The Cambridge History of British Theatre (Cambridge University Press, 2004) p. 459 ^ Ambraseys, N. N. ; Melville, C. P. (1982).A History of Persian Earthquakes ISBN 0-521-24112-X ^ (1829, reprinted by the Myanmar Ministry of Information) Vol. 3, p. 245 ^ Fisher, Raymond H., ed. (1981).The Voyage of Semen Dezhnev in 1648 . London:Hakluyt Society .ISBN 0-904180-07-7 ^ Ramerini, Marco."The Portuguese in the Arabia Peninsula and in the Persian Gulf" .Colonial Voyage . Archived fromthe original on September 11, 2015. RetrievedAugust 24, 2011 . ^ "Padmavati - Banglapedia" .^ Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History 262–263 .ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ "Art Renewal Center :: Rembrandt :: Rembrandt drawing at a window" . artrenewal.org. RetrievedMarch 4, 2016 .^ "Art Renewal Center :: Rembrandt :: Beggars at the Door" . artrenewal.org. RetrievedMarch 4, 2016 .^ "Carissimi's Jephte" .Bath Recitals . June 16, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 9, 2020 .
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