January 27 – Scottish schoolmasterJohn Fian becomes the first person to be executed after theNorth Berwick witch trials, following his conviction for the crime of witchcraft. Fian is taken to the Castlehill outside of Edinburgh and strangled after which his body is burned.Agnes Sampson isgarroted the next day at Castlehill and then burned.[1]
February 25 – PoetEdmund Spenser is granted an annual pension of 50pounds sterling by QueenElizabeth I of England in recognition of his publication ofThe Faerie Queen. The pension is paid in quarterly installments of 12s. 10d. on March 25, June 24, September 29 and December 25.[2]
March 21 – Pope Gregory XIV issues thepapal bullCogit nos, prohibiting the placing of bets on the outcome of papal elections, the length of time that a pope will reign, or who will be appointed as a cardinal.[3]
The emancipation of Filipino slaves in the Spanish Philippines along with reparations to former slaves, with the threat of excommunication of any Spanish slaveholder who refuses to comply, is ordered by Pope Gregory XIV in thepapal bullCum Sicuti.[3]
May 15 – InRussia,Tsarevich Dimitri, son ofIvan the Terrible, is found dead in mysterious circumstances, at the palace inUglich. The official explanation is that he has cut his own throat during an epileptic seizure. Many believe he has been murdered by his rival,Boris Godunov, who becomes tsar.
July 22 – TheDurtnell (Dartnell) family ofBrasted,Kent, England, begin to work as building contractors. The business continues under thirteen generations of the family until ceasing to trade in2019.[7]
August 9 – The Khan of the Crimean Tatara,Ğazı II Giray, is wounded by the defenders against his siege ofMoscow. Gazi's brother,Fetih I Giray, continues the siege, which is finally settled with a peace agreement and payment of 10,000 rubles in 1594.[8]
August 29 –Peter the Lame, ruler of thePrincipality of Moldavia (part of modern-day Romania and of Moldova) abdicates inIași after having reigned for most of the previous 17 years. Peter's downfall comes after he is unable to raise the money paid as tribute to the Ottoman Empire. He is replaced byAaron the Tyrant (Aron Vodă).[9]
September 5 – A storm near theAzores in the North Atlantic begins, sinking a large number of the Spanish ships, including the recently-captured HMSRevenge.[10] During August and September, at least eight intense hurricanes occur in the most severe of thepre-1600 seasons on record.
October 16 –Pope Gregory XIV dies from an attack of gallstones and leaves the Papacy of the Roman Catholic Church vacant for the third time in 14 months. The Pope, formerly Cardinal Niccolò Sfondrati, had served for only 10 months after being elected on December 5, 1590.
October 19 – The Islamic calendar year 1000 A.H. begins with the first day of the month ofMuharram, with concerns that the new year will herald the end of the world. When the year ends on October 7, 1592, without an apocalypse, the official interpretation among Ottoman Muslims is that the Ottoman Empire "had come closer to perfection than any other Muslim state.[12]
November 19 – Queen Elizabeth I grants a royal charter foundingQueen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield, a boys' school; the institution, now known as Queen Elizabeth's School, later develops into an independent day school.
December 18 – Pope Innocent IX begins a tour of the seven pilgrimage churches around Rome, despite being unwell, and his illness worsens. He dies 12 days later.
December 30 –Pope Innocent IX dies only two months after having been elected as the Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, leaving the Papacy vacant for the 4th time in 16 months.
^Abu Fazl (translated by Henry Beveridge),Victory of the K. Azim M. Koka and the Disgrace of Mozaffar Gujrati in The Akbarnama (Packard Humanities Institute, 1862).
^Ahmet Türk,The Crimean Khanate Under the Reign of Ğazı II Giray (Bilkent University, 2006)
^Constantin Rezachevici,Cronologia critică a domnilor din Țara Românească și Moldova a. 1324–1881 (Editura Enciclopedică, 2001) p. 432 ("A Criticism and Chronology of the Lords of Wallachia and Moldova, 1324–1881")
^abJ. J. Colledge and Ben Warlow,Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present (Pen & Sword Books Limited, 2021)
^Stephen Turnbull,The Samurai Sourcebook (Cassell & Company, 1998) p. 241
^"Gareth Jenkins,Political Islam in Turkey: Running West, Heading East? (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) p.44
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