| 12th Academy Awards | |
|---|---|
| Date | February 29, 1940 |
| Site | Coconut Grove,The Ambassador Hotel, Los Angeles |
| Hosted by | Bob Hope |
| Highlights | |
| Best Picture | Gone with the Wind |
| Most awards | Gone with the Wind (8) |
| Most nominations | Gone with the Wind (13) |
The12th Academy Awards ceremony, held on February 29, 1940, by theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored thebest in film for 1939 at a banquet in theCoconut Grove atThe Ambassador Hotel inLos Angeles.[1] It was hosted byBob Hope, in his first of nineteen turns as host.
David O. Selznick'sGone with the Wind received the most nominations of the year with thirteen, winning eight Oscars (both records at the time). It became the first film in color that won Best Picture. This year was the first in which multiple films received ten or more nominations (Mr. Smith Goes to Washington received eleven).
This was the first year in whichBest Visual Effects was a competitive category; previously, "special achievement" awards for effects had occasionally been conferred. This year,Best Cinematography was split into Color and Black & White categories.
Hattie McDaniel became the first African-American to receive anAcademy Award, winning Best Supporting Actress forGone with the Wind.Mickey Rooney became thesecond-youngest nominee forBest Actor at 19, and the first teenager to be nominated for an Academy Award, for his performance inBabes in Arms.
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
Nominees were announced on February 11, 1940. AMPAS presented Academy Awards of Merit in 20 categories. Nominees for each award are listed below; award winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
| Awards | Film |
|---|---|
| 8 | Gone with the Wind |
| 2 | Stagecoach |
| The Wizard of Oz |
The ceremony presenters are listed below in the sequence of awards presented.[2]
| Presenter | Award(s) |
|---|---|
| Darryl F. Zanuck | Scientific and Technical Awards, Film Editing, Sound Recording, Cinematography, Art Direction, and Special Effects |
| Gene Buck | Music awards |
| Bob Hope | Short-subject awards |
| Mickey Rooney | Special Juvenile Academy Award toJudy Garland |
| Mervyn LeRoy | Best Director |
| Sinclair Lewis | Writing awards |
| Y. Frank Freeman | Best Picture |
| Basil O'Connor | Special awards toJean Hersholt,Ralph Morgan,Ralph Block, andConrad Nagel |
| Dr. Ernest Martin Hopkins | Irving Thalberg Award |
| Walter Wanger | Commemorative award toDouglas Fairbanks |
| Fay Bainter | Supporting Actor and Actress |
| Spencer Tracy | Best Actor and Actress |
Prior to the announcement of nominations,Mr. Smith Goes to Washington andGone with the Wind were the two films most widely tipped to receive a significant number of nominations.Mr. Smith Goes to Washington premiered in Washington with a premier party hosted by theNational Press Club who found themselves portrayed unfavourably in the film; the film's theme of political corruption was condemned and the film was denounced in the U.S. Senate.Joseph P. Kennedy, the U.S. Ambassador toBritain urged PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt and the studio headHarry Cohn to cease showing the film overseas because "it will cause our allies to view us in an unfavourable light". Among those who campaigned in favour of the film wereHedda Hopper who declared it "as great asLincoln'sGettysburg speech", whileSheilah Graham called it the "best talking picture ever made".Screen Book magazine stated that it "should win every Academy Award".Frank Capra, the director, andJames Stewart, the film's star were considered front runners to win awards.
Gone with the Wind premiered in December 1939 with aGallup poll taken shortly before its release concluding that 56.5 million people intended to see the film. TheNew York Film Critics Award was given toWuthering Heights after thirteen rounds of balloting had left the voters deadlocked betweenMr. Smith Goes to Washington andGone with the Wind. The press were divided in their support for the nominated actors.Time magazine favouredVivien Leigh and used her portrait for their Christmas 1939 edition, andThe Hollywood Reporter predicted a possible win by Leigh andLaurence Olivier with the comment that they "are, for the moment, just about the most sacred of all Hollywood's sacred cows". West Coast newspapers, particularly in Los Angeles, predictedBette Davis would win forDark Victory. Observing that Davis had achieved four box office successes during the year, one paper wrote, "Hollywood will stick by its favourite home-town girl, Bette Davis".
Capra was the incumbent President of the Academy, and in a first for Academy Awards ceremonies, sold the rights for the event to be filmed.Warner Bros. obtained the rights, for $30,000 to film the banquet and the presentation of the awards, to use as a short, and it was shot by thecinematographerCharles Rosher.Variety noted the stars in attendance were conscious of being filmed at the event for the first time and the event was marked by glamour with fashion-conscious actresses wearing the best of gowns, furs and jewellery.
TheLos Angeles Times printed a substantially accurate list of winners, despite a promise to withhold the results of the voting, so many of the nominees learned before arriving at the ceremony who had won. Among these wereClark Gable andBette Davis.
Following the banquet, Capra opened proceedings at 11pm with a short speech before introducingBob Hope who made his first appearance as host of the awards. Looking at a table laden with awards awaiting presentation, he quipped, "I feel like I'm in Bette Davis' living room".Mickey Rooney presented anAcademy Juvenile Award toJudy Garland, who then performed "Over the Rainbow", a "Best Song" nominee fromThe Wizard of Oz.
As the evening progressed,Gone with the Wind won the majority of awards, and Bob Hope remarked to David O. Selznick, "David, you should have brought roller skates". Making a speech, Selznick paused to extend praise and gratitude toOlivia de Havilland, a "Best Supporting Actress" nominee, and made it clear in his speech he knew she had not won.Fay Bainter presented the awards for Best Supporting Actor and Actress, prefacing her presentation of the latter award with the knowing comment, "It is a tribute to a country where people are free to honor noteworthy achievements regardless of creed, race or color".Hattie McDaniel became the first black performer to win an Academy Award and in expressing her gratitude promised to be "a credit to my race" before bursting into tears. De Havilland was among those to make their way to McDaniel's table to offer congratulations, though it was reported de Havilland then fled to the kitchen, where she burst into tears. The press reported an irritatedDavid O. Selznick followed her, and shook her before she composed herself and returned to her table.[3] Incidentally, movie historian (and futureTurner Classic Movies host)Robert Osborne once reported that "not once did anyone mention the name ofMargaret Mitchell, the small woman who had simply written the book on which the victorious movie was based."[4]
Robert Donat, the winner for "Best Actor", was one of three nominated actors not present (the others wereIrene Dunne andGreta Garbo). Accepting the award for Donat,Spencer Tracy said he was sure Donat's win was welcomed by "the entire motion-picture industry" before presenting the "Best Actress" award toVivien Leigh. The press notedBette Davis was among those waiting to congratulate Leigh as she returned to her table.
Further controversy erupted following the ceremony, with theLos Angeles Times reporting that Leigh had won over Davis by the smallest of margins and that Donat had likewise won overJames Stewart by a small number of votes. This led Academy officials to examine ways that the voting process, and more importantly, the results, would remain secret in future years.[5] They considered theLos Angeles Times publication of such details as a breach of faith.[4]
Hattie McDaniel received considerable attention from the press withDaily Variety writing, "Not only was she the first of her race to receive an Award, but she was also the first Negro ever to sit at an Academy banquet".[6]
Carole Lombard was quoted as comforting Gable after his loss, with the comment "Don't worry, Pappy. We'll bring one home next year". Gable replied that he felt this had been his last chance to which Lombard was said to have replied, "Not you, you self-centered bastard. I meant me."[3]
Academy Awards lists | |
|---|---|
| Combined major Academy Awards | |
| Acting | |
| Directing | |
| Film |
|
| Countries of the nominees | |
| Nominees demographics | |
| Other | |
| Combined major awards | |
