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Defined in header <functional> | ||
/*see below*/ _1; /*see below*/ _2; | ||
Thestd::placeholders namespace contains the placeholder objects[_1, ..., _N]
whereN
is an implementation defined maximum number.
When used as an argument in astd::bind expression, the placeholder objects are stored in the generated function object, and when that function object is invoked with unbound arguments, each placeholder_N
is replaced by the corresponding Nth unbound argument.
Each placeholder is declared as if byextern/*unspecified*/ _1;. | (until C++17) |
Implementations are encouraged to declare the placeholders as if byinlineconstexpr/*unspecified*/ _1;, although declaring them byextern/*unspecified*/ _1; is still allowed by the standard. | (since C++17) |
The types of the placeholder objects areDefaultConstructible andCopyConstructible, their default copy/move constructors do not throw exceptions, and for any placeholder_N
, the typestd::is_placeholder<decltype(_N)> is defined, wherestd::is_placeholder<decltype(_N)> is derived fromstd::integral_constant<int, N>.
The following code shows the creation of function objects with placeholder arguments.
#include <functional>#include <iostream>#include <string> void goodbye(conststd::string& s){std::cout<<"Goodbye "<< s<<'\n';} class Object{public:void hello(conststd::string& s){std::cout<<"Hello "<< s<<'\n';}}; int main(){usingnamespace std::placeholders; using ExampleFunction=std::function<void(conststd::string&)>; Object instance;std::string str("World"); ExampleFunction f=std::bind(&Object::hello,&instance, _1); f(str);// equivalent to instance.hello(str) f=std::bind(&goodbye, std::placeholders::_1); f(str);// equivalent to goodbye(str) auto lambda=[](std::string pre,char o,int rep,std::string post){std::cout<< pre;while(rep-->0)std::cout<< o;std::cout<< post<<'\n';}; // binding the lambda:std::function<void(std::string,char,int,std::string)> g=std::bind(&decltype(lambda)::operator(),&lambda, _1, _2, _3, _4); g("G",'o','o'-'g',"gol");}
Output:
Hello WorldGoodbye WorldGoooooooogol
(C++11) | binds one or more arguments to a function object (function template)[edit] |
(C++11) | indicates that an object is a standard placeholder or can be used as one (class template)[edit] |
(C++11) | placeholder to skip an element when unpacking atuple usingtie(constant)[edit] |