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      std::placeholders::_1,std::placeholders::_2, ...,std::placeholders::_N

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |utility‎ |functional
       
       
      Utilities library
       
      Function objects
      Partial function application
      (C++20)(C++23)
      (C++11)
      _1, _2, _3, ...
      (C++11)
      Function invocation
      (C++17)(C++23)
      Identity function object
      (C++20)
      Old binders and adaptors
      (until C++17*)
      (until C++17*)
      (until C++17*)
      (until C++17*)  
      (until C++17*)
      (until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)
      (until C++20*)
      (until C++20*)
      (until C++17*)(until C++17*)
      (until C++17*)(until C++17*)

      (until C++17*)
      (until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)
      (until C++20*)
      (until C++20*)
       
      Defined in header<functional>
      /*see below*/ _1;

      /*see below*/ _2;
      .
      .

      /*see below*/ _N;

      Thestd::placeholders namespace contains the placeholder objects[_1, ..., _N] whereN is an implementation defined maximum number.

      When used as an argument in astd::bind expression, the placeholder objects are stored in the generated function object, and when that function object is invoked with unbound arguments, each placeholder_N is replaced by the corresponding Nth unbound argument.

      Each placeholder is declared as if byextern/*unspecified*/ _1;.

      (until C++17)

      Implementations are encouraged to declare the placeholders as if byinlineconstexpr/*unspecified*/ _1;, although declaring them byextern/*unspecified*/ _1; is still allowed by the standard.

      (since C++17)

      The types of the placeholder objects areDefaultConstructible andCopyConstructible, their default copy/move constructors do not throw exceptions, and for any placeholder_N, the typestd::is_placeholder<decltype(_N)> is defined, wherestd::is_placeholder<decltype(_N)> is derived fromstd::integral_constant<int, N>.

      [edit]Example

      The following code shows the creation of function objects with placeholder arguments.

      Run this code
      #include <functional>#include <iostream>#include <string> void goodbye(conststd::string& s){std::cout<<"Goodbye "<< s<<'\n';} class Object{public:void hello(conststd::string& s){std::cout<<"Hello "<< s<<'\n';}}; int main(){usingnamespace std::placeholders; using ExampleFunction=std::function<void(conststd::string&)>;    Object instance;std::string str("World");     ExampleFunction f=std::bind(&Object::hello,&instance, _1);    f(str);// equivalent to instance.hello(str)     f=std::bind(&goodbye, std::placeholders::_1);    f(str);// equivalent to goodbye(str) auto lambda=[](std::string pre,char o,int rep,std::string post){std::cout<< pre;while(rep-->0)std::cout<< o;std::cout<< post<<'\n';}; // binding the lambda:std::function<void(std::string,char,int,std::string)> g=std::bind(&decltype(lambda)::operator(),&lambda, _1, _2, _3, _4);    g("G",'o','o'-'g',"gol");}

      Output:

      Hello WorldGoodbye WorldGoooooooogol

      [edit]See also

      (C++11)
      binds one or more arguments to a function object
      (function template)[edit]
      indicates that an object is a standard placeholder or can be used as one
      (class template)[edit]
      (C++11)
      placeholder to skip an element when unpacking atuple usingtie
      (constant)[edit]
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/functional/placeholders&oldid=152265"

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