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      std::ranges::upper_bound

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |algorithm‎ |ranges
       
       
      Algorithm library
      Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges(C++20)
      Constrained algorithms, e.g.ranges::copy,ranges::sort, ...
      Execution policies(C++17)
      Sorting and related operations
      Partitioning operations
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      Binary search operations
      (on partitioned ranges)
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      (C++11)
      (C++17)
      Lexicographical comparison operations
      Permutation operations
      C library
      Numeric operations
      Operations on uninitialized memory
       
      Constrained algorithms
      All names in this menu belong to namespacestd::ranges
      Non-modifying sequence operations
      Modifying sequence operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
             
      upper_bound
             
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      Permutation operations
      Fold operations
      Operations on uninitialized storage
      Return types
       
      Defined in header<algorithm>
      Call signature
      (1)
      template<std::forward_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,

               class T,class Proj=std::identity,
               std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                   <const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp=ranges::less>
      constexpr I upper_bound( I first, S last,const T& value,

                               Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (since C++20)
      (until C++26)
      template<std::forward_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,

               class Proj=std::identity,
               class T= std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
               std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                   <const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp=ranges::less>
      constexpr I upper_bound( I first, S last,const T& value,

                               Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (since C++26)
      (2)
      template<ranges::forward_range R,

               class T,class Proj=std::identity,
               std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                   <const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,
                                              Proj>> Comp=ranges::less>
      constexprranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>

          upper_bound( R&& r,const T& value, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (since C++20)
      (until C++26)
      template<ranges::forward_range R,

               class Proj=std::identity,
               class T= std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
               std::indirect_strict_weak_order
                   <const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,
                                              Proj>> Comp=ranges::less>
      constexprranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>

          upper_bound( R&& r,const T& value, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={});
      (since C++26)
      1) Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the range[firstlast) that isgreater thanvalue, orlast if no such element is found.The range[firstlast) must be partitioned with respect to the expression or!comp(value, element), i.e., all elements for which the expression istrue must precede all elements for which the expression isfalse. A fully-sorted range meets this criterion.
      2) Same as(1), but usesr as the source range, as if usingranges::begin(r) asfirst andranges::end(r) aslast.

      The function-like entities described on this page arealgorithm function objects (informally known asniebloids), that is:

      Contents

      [edit]Parameters

      first, last - the iterator-sentinel pair defining the partially-orderedrange of elements to examine
      r - the partially-ordered range to examine
      value - value to compare the elements to
      pred - predicate to apply to the projected elements
      proj - projection to apply to the elements

      [edit]Return value

      Iterator pointing to the first element that isgreater thanvalue, orlast if no such element is found.

      [edit]Complexity

      The number of comparisons and applications of the projection performed are logarithmic in the distance betweenfirst andlast (at mostlog2(last - first) + O(1) comparisons and applications of the projection). However, for an iterator that does not modelrandom_access_iterator, the number of iterator increments is linear.

      [edit]Possible implementation

      struct upper_bound_fn{template<std::forward_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,class Proj=std::identity,class T= std::projected_value_t<I, Proj>,std::indirect_strict_weak_order<const T*, std::projected<I, Proj>> Comp=ranges::less>constexpr I operator()(I first, S last,const T& value,                           Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{        I it;std::iter_difference_t<I> count, step;        count=ranges::distance(first, last); while(count>0){            it= first;             step= count/2;ranges::advance(it, step, last);if(!comp(value,std::invoke(proj,*it))){                first=++it;                count-= step+1;}else                count= step;}return first;} template<ranges::forward_range R,class Proj=std::identity,class T= std::projected_value_t<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>,std::indirect_strict_weak_order<const T*, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>,                                           Proj>> Comp=ranges::less>constexprranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>        operator()(R&& r,const T& value, Comp comp={}, Proj proj={})const{return(*this)(ranges::begin(r),ranges::end(r), value,std::ref(comp),std::ref(proj));}}; inlineconstexpr upper_bound_fn upper_bound;

      [edit]Notes

      Feature-test macroValueStdFeature
      __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_type202403(C++26)List-initialization for algorithms(1,2)

      [edit]Example

      Run this code
      #include <algorithm>#include <cassert>#include <complex>#include <iostream>#include <iterator>#include <vector> int main(){namespace ranges= std::ranges; std::vector<int> data{1,1,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,5,5,6}; {auto lower=ranges::lower_bound(data.begin(), data.end(),4);auto upper= ranges::upper_bound(data.begin(), data.end(),4); ranges::copy(lower, upper,std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout," "));std::cout<<'\n';}{auto lower=ranges::lower_bound(data,3);auto upper= ranges::upper_bound(data,3); ranges::copy(lower, upper,std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout," "));std::cout<<'\n';} using CD=std::complex<double>;std::vector<CD> nums{{1,0},{2,2},{2,1},{3,0},{3,1}};auto cmpz=[](CD x, CD y){return x.real()< y.real();};#ifdef __cpp_lib_algorithm_default_value_typeauto it= ranges::upper_bound(nums,{2,0}, cmpz);#elseauto it= ranges::upper_bound(nums, CD{2,0}, cmpz);#endifassert((*it== CD{3,0}));}

      Output:

      4 4 4 3 3 3 3

      [edit]See also

      returns range of elements matching a specific key
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      returns an iterator to the first elementnot less than the given value
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      divides a range of elements into two groups
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      returns an iterator to the first elementgreater than a certain value
      (function template)[edit]
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/algorithm/ranges/upper_bound&oldid=180597"

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