| General topics | ||||||||||||||||
| Flow control | ||||||||||||||||
| Conditional execution statements | ||||||||||||||||
| Iteration statements (loops) | ||||||||||||||||
| Jump statements | ||||||||||||||||
| Functions | ||||||||||||||||
| Function declaration | ||||||||||||||||
| Lambda function expression | ||||||||||||||||
inline specifier | ||||||||||||||||
| Dynamic exception specifications(until C++17*) | ||||||||||||||||
noexcept specifier(C++11) | ||||||||||||||||
| Exceptions | ||||||||||||||||
| Namespaces | ||||||||||||||||
| Types | ||||||||||||||||
| Specifiers | ||||||||||||||||
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| Storage duration specifiers | ||||||||||||||||
| Initialization | ||||||||||||||||
| Expressions | ||||||||||||||||
| Alternative representations | ||||||||||||||||
| Literals | ||||||||||||||||
| Boolean -Integer -Floating-point | ||||||||||||||||
| Character -String -nullptr(C++11) | ||||||||||||||||
| User-defined(C++11) | ||||||||||||||||
| Utilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Attributes(C++11) | ||||||||||||||||
| Types | ||||||||||||||||
typedef declaration | ||||||||||||||||
| Type alias declaration(C++11) | ||||||||||||||||
| Casts | ||||||||||||||||
| Memory allocation | ||||||||||||||||
| Classes | ||||||||||||||||
| Class-specific function properties | ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
| Special member functions | ||||||||||||||||
| Templates | ||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | ||||||||||||||||
This section provides definitions for the specific terminology and the concepts used when describing the C++ programming language.
A C++ program is a sequence of text files (typically header and source files) that containdeclarations. They undergotranslation to become an executable program, which is executed when the C++ implementation calls itsmain function.
Certain words in a C++ program have special meaning, and these are known askeywords. Others can be used asidentifiers.Comments are ignored during translation. C++ programs also containliterals, the values of characters inside them are determined bycharacter sets and encodings. Certain characters in the program have to be represented withescape sequences.
Theentities of a C++ program are values,objects,references,structured bindings(since C++17),result bindings(since C++26),functions,enumerators,types, class members,templates,template specializations,packs(since C++11), andnamespaces. Preprocessormacros are not C++ entities.
Declarations may introduce entities, associate them withnames and define their properties. The declarations that define all properties required to use an entity aredefinitions. A program must contain only one definition of any non-inline function or variable that isodr-used.
Definitions of functions usually include sequences ofstatements, some of which includeexpressions, which specify the computations to be performed by the program.
Names encountered in a program are associated with the declarations that introduced them usingname lookup. Each name is only valid within a part of the program called itsscope. Some names havelinkage which makes them refer to the same entities when they appear in different scopes or translation units.
Each object, reference, function, expression in C++ is associated with atype, which may befundamental, compound, oruser-defined, complete orincomplete, etc.
Declared objects and declared references that are notnon-static data members arevariables .
C documentation forBasic concepts |
