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      Common mathematical functions

      From cppreference.com
      <c‎ |numeric
       
       
       
      Common mathematical functions
      Functions
      Basic operations
      (C99)
      (C99)
      (C99)
      (C99)(C99)(C99)(C23)
      Maximum/minimum operations
      (C99)
      (C99)
      Exponential functions
      (C23)
      (C99)
      (C99)
      (C23)
      (C23)

      (C99)
      (C99)(C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      Power functions
      (C99)
      (C23)
      (C23)

      (C99)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C99)
      (C99)
      (C99)
      Nearest integer floating-point
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      (C23)(C23)(C23)(C23)
      Floating-point manipulation
      (C99)(C99)
      (C99)(C23)
      (C99)
      Narrowing operations
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      (C23)
      Quantum and quantum exponent
      Decimal re-encoding functions
      Total order and payload functions
      Classification
      Error and gamma functions
      (C99)
      (C99)
      (C99)
      (C99)
      Types
      Macro constants
      Special floating-point values
      (C99)(C23)
      Arguments and return values
      Error handling
      Fast operation indicators
       

      Contents

      [edit]Types

      Defined in header<stdlib.h>
      structure type, return of thediv function
      (typedef)[edit]
      structure type, return of theldiv function
      (typedef)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 structure type, return of thelldiv function
      (typedef)[edit]
      Defined in header<inttypes.h>
      structure type, return of theimaxdiv function
      (typedef)[edit]
      Defined in header<math.h>
      (C99)
      		 most efficient floating-point type at least as wide asfloat
      (typedef)[edit]
      most efficient floating-point type at least as wide asdouble
      (typedef)[edit]

      [edit]Constants

      Defined in header<math.h>
      indicates value too big to be representable (infinity) byfloat,double andlongdouble respectively
      (macro constant)[edit]
      evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow afloat
      (macro constant)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 evaluates to a quiet NaN of typefloat
      (macro constant)[edit]
      indicates that the fma function generally executes about as fast as, or faster than, a multiply and an add of double operands
      (macro constant)[edit]
      evaluates toilogb(x) if x is zero or NaN, respectively
      (macro constant)[edit]
      defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions
      (macro constant)[edit]
      Classification
      indicates a floating-point category
      (macro constant)[edit]

      [edit]Functions

      Defined in header<stdlib.h>
      computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
      (function)[edit]
      computes quotient and remainder of integer division
      (function)[edit]
      Defined in header<inttypes.h>
      (C99)
      		 computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 computes quotient and remainder of integer division
      (function)[edit]
      Defined in header<math.h>
      Basic operations
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes absolute value of a floating-point value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes remainder of the floating-point division operation
      (function)[edit]
      computes signed remainder of the floating-point division operation
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes fused multiply-add operation
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 determines larger of two floating-point values
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 determines smaller of two floating-point values
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 determines positive difference of two floating-point values (\({\small\max{(0, x-y)} }\)max(0, x-y))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 returns a NaN (not-a-number)
      (function)[edit]
      Exponential functions
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computese raised to the given power (\({\small e^x}\)ex)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes2 raised to the given power (\({\small 2^x}\)2x)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computese raised to the given power, minus one (\({\small e^x-1}\)ex-1)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes natural (base-e) logarithm (\({\small \ln{x} }\)ln(x))
      (function)[edit]
      computes common (base-10) logarithm (\({\small \log_{10}{x} }\)log10(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes base-2 logarithm (\({\small \log_{2}{x} }\)log2(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes natural (base-e) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (\({\small \ln{(1+x)} }\)ln(1+x))
      (function)[edit]
      Power functions
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes a number raised to the given power (\(\small{x^y}\)xy)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes square root (\(\small{\sqrt{x} }\)√x)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes cube root (\(\small{\sqrt[3]{x} }\)3√x)
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (\(\scriptsize{\sqrt{x^2+y^2} }\)√x2
      +y2
      )
      (function)[edit]
      Trigonometric functions
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes sine (\({\small\sin{x} }\)sin(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes cosine (\({\small\cos{x} }\)cos(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes tangent (\({\small\tan{x} }\)tan(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes arc sine (\({\small\arcsin{x} }\)arcsin(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes arc cosine (\({\small\arccos{x} }\)arccos(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes arc tangent (\({\small\arctan{x} }\)arctan(x))
      (function)[edit]
      computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
      (function)[edit]
      Hyperbolic functions
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes hyperbolic sine (\({\small\sinh{x} }\)sinh(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\cosh{x} }\)cosh(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\tanh{x} }\)tanh(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes inverse hyperbolic sine (\({\small\operatorname{arsinh}{x} }\)arsinh(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes inverse hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\operatorname{arcosh}{x} }\)arcosh(x))
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes inverse hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\operatorname{artanh}{x} }\)artanh(x))
      (function)[edit]
      Error and gamma functions
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes error function
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes complementary error function
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes gamma function
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes natural (base-e) logarithm of the gamma function
      (function)[edit]
      Nearest integer floating-point operations
      (C99)(C99)
      		 computes smallest integer not less than the given value
      (function)[edit]
      computes largest integer not greater than the given value
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 rounds to nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases
      (function)[edit]
      rounds to an integer using current rounding mode
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 rounds to an integer using current rounding mode with
      exception if the result differs
      (function)[edit]
      Floating-point manipulation functions
      breaks a number into significand and a power of2
      (function)[edit]
      multiplies a number by2 raised to a power
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)
      		 breaks a number into integer and fractional parts
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 computes efficiently a number timesFLT_RADIX raised to a power
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 extracts exponent of the given number
      (function)[edit]
      (C99)(C99)(C99)
      		 extracts exponent of the given number
      (function)[edit]
      determines next representable floating-point value towards the given value
      (function)[edit]
      produces a value with the magnitude of a given value and the sign of another given value
      (function)[edit]
      Classification and comparison
      classifies the given floating-point value
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if the given number has finite value
      (function macro)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 checks if the given number is infinite
      (function macro)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 checks if the given number is NaN
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if the given number is normal
      (function macro)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 checks if the given number is negative
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second
      (function macro)[edit]
      (C99)
      		 checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second
      (function macro)[edit]
      checks if two floating-point values are unordered
      (function macro)[edit]

      [edit]References

      • C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):
      • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
      • C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
      • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 158-160)
      • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 169-190)
      • 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 248-262)
      • 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 332)
      • 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 333)
      • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
      • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 217-220)
      • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 231-261)
      • 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)
      • 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 455)
      • 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)
      • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
      • 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 198-201)
      • 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 212-242)
      • 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 306-324)
      • 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 401)
      • 7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)
      • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
      • 4.5 MATHEMATICS <math.h>
      • 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>
      • 4.13.4 Mathematics <math.h>
      • 7.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>

      [edit]See also

      C++ documentation forCommon mathematical functions
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/numeric/math&oldid=180095"
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