2205Accesses
98Citations
Abstract
Preparation of reliable landslide hazard and risk maps is crucial for hazard mitigation and risk management. In recent years, various approaches have been developed for quantitative assessment of landslide hazard and risk. However, possibly due to the lack of new data, very few of these hazard and risk maps were updated after their first generation. In this study, aiming at an ongoing assessment, a novel approach for updating landslide hazard and risk maps based on Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is introduced. The study was performed in the Arno River basin (central Italy) where most mass movements are slow-moving landslides which are properly within the detection precision of PSI point targets. In the Arno River basin, the preliminary hazard and risk assessment was performed by Catani et al. (Landslides 2:329–342, 2005) using datasets prior to 2002. In this study, the previous hazard and risk maps were updated using PSI point targets processed from 4 years (2003–2006) of RADARSAT images. Landslide hazard and risk maps for five temporal predictions of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 years were updated with the exposure of losses estimated in Euro (€). In particular, the result shows that in 30 years a potential loss of approximate €3.22 billion is expected due to these slow-moving landslides detected by PSI point targets.
This is a preview of subscription content,log in via an institution to check access.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Get 10 units per month
- Download Article/Chapter or eBook
- 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
- Cancel anytime
Buy Now
Price includes VAT (Japan)
Instant access to the full article PDF.







Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aleotti P, Chowdhury R (1999) Landslide hazard assessment: summary review and new perspectives. B Eng Geol Environ 58:21–44
Berardino P, Fornaro G, Lanari R, Sansosti E (2002) A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms. IEEE T Geosci Remote 40:2375–2383
Bianchini S, Cigna F, Righini G, Proietti C, Casagli N (2012) Landslide HotSpot Mapping by means of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. Environ Earth Sci 67:1155–1172
Blanco-Sanchez P, Mallorqui JJ, Duque S, Monells D (2008) The Coherent Pixels Technique (CPT): an advanced DInSAR technique for nonlinear deformation monitoring. Pure Appl Geophys 165:1167–1193
Bovenga F, Nutricato R, Refice A, Wasowski J (2006) Application of multi-temporal differential interferometry to slope instability detection in urban/peri-urban areas. Eng Geol 88:218–239
Bovenga F, Wasowski J, Nitti DO, Nutricato R, Chiaradia MT (2012) Using COSMO/SkyMed X-band and ENVISAT C-band SAR interferometry for landslides analysis. Remote Sens Environ 119:272–285
Bovenga F, Nitti DO, Fornaro G, Radicioni F, Stoppini A, Brigante R (2013) Using C/X-band SAR interferometry and GNSS measurements for the Assisi landslide analysis. Int J Remote Sens 34:4083–4104
Calò F, Calcaterra D, Iodice A, Parise M, Ramondini M (2012) Assessing the activity of a large landslide in southern Italy by ground-monitoring and SAR interferometric techniques. Int J Remote Sens 33:3512–3530
Canuti P, Casagli N, Focardi P, Garzonio CA (1994) Lithology and slope instability phenomena in the basin of the Arno River. Mem Soc Geol Ital 48:739–754
Canuti P, Casagli N (1996) Considerazioni sulla valutazione del rischio di frana. CNR-GNDCI Publication 846:57 pp, in Italian
Cascini L, Fornaro G, Peduto D (2009) Analysis at medium scale of low-resolution DInSAR data in slow-moving landslide-affected areas. ISPRS J Photogramm 64:598–611
Cascini L, Fornaro G, Peduto D (2010) Advanced low- and full-resolution DInSAR map generation for slow-moving landslide analysis at different scales. Eng Geol 112:29–42
Casson B, Delacourt C, Baratoux D, Allemand P (2003) Seventeen years of the "La Clapiere" landslide evolution analysed from ortho-rectified aerial photographs. Eng Geol 68:123–139
Casu F, Manzo M, Lanari R (2006) A quantitative assessment of the SBAS algorithm performance for surface deformation retrieval from DInSAR data. Remote Sens Environ 102:195–210
Catani F, Casagli N, Ermini L, Righini G, Menduni G (2005) Landslide hazard and risk mapping at catchment scale in the Arno River basin. Landslides 2:329–342
Cigna F, Bianchini S, Casagli N (2012) How to assess landslide activity and intensity with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI): the PSI-based matrix approach. Landslides 10:267–283
Colesanti C, Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F (2003) Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent Scatterers Technique. Eng Geol 68:3–14
Colesanti C, Wasowski J (2006) Investigating landslides with space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. Eng Geol 88:173–199
Crosetto M, Biescas E, Duro J, Closa J, Arnaud A (2008) Generation of advanced ERS and Envisat interferometric SAR products using the stable point network technique. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 74:443–450
Cruden DM, Varnes DJ (1996) Landslide types and processes. In: Turner AK, Schuster RL (eds) Landslides: investigation and mitigation, Special report 247. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp 36–75
Dai FC, Lee CF, Ngai YY (2002) Landslide risk assessment and management: an overview. Eng Geol 64:65–87
Delacourt C, Allemand P, Casson B, Vadon H (2004) Velocity field of the "La Clapiere" landslide measured by the correlation of aerial and QuickBird satellite images. Geophys Res Lett 31:L15619
Delacourt C, Allemand P, Berthier E, Raucoules D, Casson B, Grandjean P, Pambrun C, Varel E (2007) Remote-sensing techniques for analysing landslide kinematics: a review. Bull Soc Géol Fr 178:89–100
Doubre C, Peltzer G (2007) Fluid-controlled faulting process in the Asal Rift, Djibouti, from 8 yr of radar interferometry observations. Geology 35:69–72
Ermini L, Catani F, Casagli N (2005) Artificial Neural Networks applied to landslide susceptibility assessment. Geomorphology 66:327–343
Farina P, Colombo D, Fumagalli A, Marks F, Moretti S (2006) Permanent Scatterers for landslide investigations: outcomes from the ESA-SLAM project. Eng Geol 88:200–217
Fell R (1994) Landslide risk assessment and acceptable risk. Can Geotech J 31:261–272
Fell R, Cororninas J, Bonnard C, Cascini L, Leroi E, Savage WZ, Eng J-J-TCL (2008) Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk-zoning for land use planning. Eng Geol 102:85–98
Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F (2000) Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry. IEEE T Geosci Remote 38:2202–2212
Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F (2001) Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry. IEEE T Geosci Remote 39:8–20
Ferretti A, Fumagalli A, Novali F, Prati C, Rocca F, Rucci A (2011) A new algorithm for Processing Interferometric Data-Stacks: SqueeSAR. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote 49:3460–3470
Getis A, Ord JK (1992) The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr Anal 24:189–206
Glade T, Anderson M, Crozier M (2005) Landslide hazard and risk. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England
Greif V, Vlcko J (2012) Monitoring of post-failure landslide deformation by the PS-InSAR technique at Lubietova in Central Slovakia. Environ Earth Sci 66:1585–1595
Guzzetti F, Carrara A, Cardinali M, Reichenbach P (1999) Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy. Geomorphology 31:181–216
Herrera G, Notti D, Garcia-Davalillo JC, Mora O, Cooksley G, Sanchez M, Arnaud A, Crosetto M (2011) Analysis with C- and X-band satellite SAR data of the Portalet landslide area. Landslides 8:195–206
Herrera G, Gutierrez F, Garcia-Davalillo JC, Guerrero J, Notti D, Galve JP, Fernandez-Merodo JA, Cooksley G (2013) Multi-sensor advanced DInSAR monitoring of very slow landslides: the Tena Valley case study (Central Spanish Pyrenees). Remote Sens Environ 128:31–43
Heyman Y, Steenmans C, Croisille G, Bossard M (1994) CORINE land cover project. Technical guide. European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection, ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels, Luxembourg, 136 pp
Hilley GE, Burgmann R, Ferretti A, Novali F, Rocca F (2004) Dynamics of slow-moving landslides from permanent scatterer analysis. Science 304:1952–1955
Hooper A, Zebker H, Segall P, Kampes B (2004) A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers. Geophys Res Lett 31:L23611
Hooper A, Segall P, Zebker H (2007) Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcan Alcedo, Galapagos. J Geophys Res-Sol Ea 112, B07407
Hungr O (1995) A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides, debris flows, and avalanches. Can Geotech J 32:610–623
Hungr O (1997) Some methods of landslide hazard intensity mapping. In: Cruden D, Fell R (eds) Landslide risk assessment. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 215–226
Kampes BM (2006) Radar interferometry: persistent scatterer technique. Springer, Netherlands
Lanari R, Mora O, Manunta M, Mallorqui JJ, Berardino P, Sansosti E (2004) A small-baseline approach for investigating deformations on full-resolution differential SAR interferograms. IEEE T Geosci Remote 42:1377–1386
Lu P, Casagli N, Catani F (2010) PSI-HSR: a new approach for representing Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) point targets using the hue and saturation scale. Int J Remote Sens 31:2189–2196
Lu P, Stumpf A, Kerle N, Casagli N (2011) Object-oriented change detection for landslide rapid mapping. IEEE Geosci Remote S 8:701–705
Lu P, Casagli N, Catani F, Tofani V (2012) Persistent Scatterers Interferometry Hotspot and Cluster Analysis (PSI-HCA) for detection of extremely slow-moving landslides. Int J Remote Sens 33:466–489
Martha TR, Kerle N, Jetten V, van Westen CJ, Kumar KV (2010) Characterising spectral, spatial and morphometric properties of landslides for semi-automatic detection using object-oriented methods. Geomorphology 116:24–36
Massironi M, Zampieri D, Bianchi M, Schiavo A, Franceschini A (2009) Use of PSInSAR (TM) data to infer active tectonics: clues on the differential uplift across the Giudicarie belt (Central-Eastern Alps, Italy). Tectonophysics 476:297–303
Metternicht G, Hurni L, Gogu R (2005) Remote sensing of landslides: an analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments. Remote Sens Environ 98:284–303
Mora O, Mallorqui JJ, Broquetas A (2003) Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images. IEEE T Geosci Remote 41:2243–2253
Morelli M, Piana F, Mallen L, Nicolo G, Fioraso G (2011) Iso-kinematic maps from statistical analysis of PS-InSAR data of Piemonte, NW Italy: comparison with geological kinematic trends. Remote Sens Environ 115:1188–1201
Prati C, Ferretti A, Perissin D (2010) Recent advances on surface ground deformation measurement by means of repeated space-borne SAR observations. J Geodyn 49:161–170
Remondo J, Bonachea J, Cendrero A (2008) Quantitative landslide risk assessment and mapping on the basis of recent occurrences. Geomorphology 94:496–507
Righini G, Pancioli V, Casagli N (2012) Updating landslide inventory maps using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI). Int J Remote Sens 33:2068–2096
Sato HP, Hasegawa H, Fujiwara S, Tobita M, Koarai M, Une H, Iwahashi J (2007) Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery. Landslides 4:113–122
Schuster RL, Fleming RW (1986) Economic losses and fatalities due to landslides. Bull Assoc Eng Geol 23:11–28
Silverman BW (1986) Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Chapman & Hall, London, UK
Smith LC (2002) Emerging applications of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in geomorphology and hydrology. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 92:385–398
Stein ML (1999) Interpolation of spatial data: some theory for kriging. Springer-Verlag, New York
Strozzi T, Wegmuller U, Keusen HR, Graf K, Wiesmann A (2006) Analysis of the terrain displacement along a funicular by SAR interferometry. IEEE Geosci Remote S 3:15–18
Tofani V, Raspini F, Catani F, Casagli N (2013) Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique for landslide characterization and monitoring. Remote Sens 5:1045–1065
Travelletti J, Delacourt C, Allemand P, Malet JP, Schmittbuhl J, Toussaint R, Bastard M (2012) Correlation of multi-temporal ground-based optical images for landslide monitoring: application, potential and limitations. ISPRS J Photogramm 70:39–55
van Westen CJ, van Asch TWJ, Soeters R (2006) Landslide hazard and risk zonation — why is it still so difficult? B Eng Geol Environ 65:167–184
van Westen CJ, Castellanos E, Kuriakose SL (2008) Spatial data for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment: an overview. Eng Geol 102:112–131
Varnes DJ, IAEG Commission on Landslides (1984) Landslide hazard zonation—a review of principles and practice. UNESCO, Paris, p 63
Vilardo G, Ventura G, Terranova C, Matano F, Nardo S (2009) Ground deformation due to tectonic, hydrothermal, gravity, hydrogeological, and anthropic processes in the Campania Region (Southern Italy) from Permanent Scatterers Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry. Remote Sens Environ 113:197–212
Werner C, Wegmuller U, Strozzi T, Wiesmann A (2003) Interferometric point target analysis for deformation mapping. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 2003, 23rd IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium, Toulouse, France, 21–25 July 2003. Piscataway, NJ, pp 4362–4364
Zhang L, Lu Z, Ding XL, Jung HS, Feng GC, Lee CW (2012) Mapping ground surface deformation using temporarily coherent point SAR interferometry: application to Los Angeles Basin. Remote Sens Environ 117:429–439
Zhao CY, Lu Z, Zhang Q, de la Fuente J (2012) Large-area landslide detection and monitoring with ALOS/PALSAR imagery data over Northern California and Southern Oregon, USA. Remote Sens Environ 124:348–359
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41201424), 973 National Basic Research Program (No. 2013CB733203 and No. 2013CB733204), 863 National High-Tech R&D Program (No. 2012AA121302) and Mountain Risks FP6 project of European Commission (MRTN-CT-2006-035798). The authors are grateful to the staff of Tele-Rilevamento Europa, a spin-off company of Politecnico di Milano owning the patent of PSInSAR™ technique, for the data processing and software development. The authors also thank the Arno River Basin Authority for data sharing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, China
Ping Lu
Center for Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, China
Ping Lu
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Firenze, Via La Pira 4, Florence, Italy
Filippo Catani, Veronica Tofani & Nicola Casagli
- Ping Lu
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
- Filippo Catani
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
- Veronica Tofani
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
- Nicola Casagli
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
Corresponding author
Correspondence toPing Lu.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, P., Catani, F., Tofani, V.et al. Quantitative hazard and risk assessment for slow-moving landslides from Persistent Scatterer Interferometry.Landslides11, 685–696 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0432-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
Share this article
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative