Articles |Volume 7, issue 1https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
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28 Feb 2013
Research article |
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28 Feb 2013Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica
P. Fretwell,H. D. Pritchard,D. G. Vaughan,J. L. Bamber,N. E. Barrand,R. Bell,C. Bianchi,R. G. Bingham,D. D. Blankenship,G. Casassa,G. Catania,D. Callens,H. Conway,A. J. Cook,H. F. J. Corr,D. Damaske,V. Damm,F. Ferraccioli,R. Forsberg,S. Fujita,Y. Gim,P. Gogineni,J. A. Griggs,R. C. A. Hindmarsh,P. Holmlund,J. W. Holt,R. W. Jacobel,A. Jenkins,W. Jokat,T. Jordan,E. C. King,J. Kohler,W. Krabill,M. Riger-Kusk,K. A. Langley,G. Leitchenkov,C. Leuschen,B. P. Luyendyk,K. Matsuoka,J. Mouginot,F. O. Nitsche,Y. Nogi,O. A. Nost,S. V. Popov,E. Rignot,D. M. Rippin,A. Rivera,J. Roberts,N. Ross,M. J. Siegert,A. M. Smith,D. Steinhage,M. Studinger,B. Sun,B. K. Tinto,B. C. Welch,D. Wilson,D. A. Young,C. Xiangbin,andA. Zirizzotti
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, USA
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Santiago, Chile
Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
Jet Propulsion Laboratory. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, USA
St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, USA
College of Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, St.-Petersburg, Russia
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
Earth Research Institute, University of California in Santa Barbara, USA
Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, USA
National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromso, Norway
Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition, St.-Petersburg, Russia
School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Centro de Estudios Cientificos, Santiago, Chile
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA
Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, USA
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
Instituite for Crustal Studies, University of California in Santa Barbara, USA
Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, USA
Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
Abstract. We present Bedmap2, a new suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60° S. We derived these products using data from a variety of sources, including many substantial surveys completed since the original Bedmap compilation (Bedmap1) in 2001. In particular, the Bedmap2 ice thickness grid is made from 25 million measurements, over two orders of magnitude more than were used in Bedmap1. In most parts of Antarctica the subglacial landscape is visible in much greater detail than was previously available and the improved data-coverage has in many areas revealed the full scale of mountain ranges, valleys, basins and troughs, only fragments of which were previously indicated in local surveys. The derived statistics for Bedmap2 show that the volume of ice contained in the Antarctic ice sheet (27 million km3) and its potential contribution to sea-level rise (58 m) are similar to those of Bedmap1, but the mean thickness of the ice sheet is 4.6% greater, the mean depth of the bed beneath the grounded ice sheet is 72 m lower and the area of ice sheet grounded on bed below sea level is increased by 10%. The Bedmap2 compilation highlights several areas beneath the ice sheet where the bed elevation is substantially lower than the deepest bed indicated by Bedmap1. These products, along with grids of data coverage and uncertainty, provide new opportunities for detailed modelling of the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets.
How to cite. Fretwell, P., Pritchard, H. D., Vaughan, D. G., Bamber, J. L., Barrand, N. E., Bell, R., Bianchi, C., Bingham, R. G., Blankenship, D. D., Casassa, G., Catania, G., Callens, D., Conway, H., Cook, A. J., Corr, H. F. J., Damaske, D., Damm, V., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fujita, S., Gim, Y., Gogineni, P., Griggs, J. A., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Holmlund, P., Holt, J. W., Jacobel, R. W., Jenkins, A., Jokat, W., Jordan, T., King, E. C., Kohler, J., Krabill, W., Riger-Kusk, M., Langley, K. A., Leitchenkov, G., Leuschen, C., Luyendyk, B. P., Matsuoka, K., Mouginot, J., Nitsche, F. O., Nogi, Y., Nost, O. A., Popov, S. V., Rignot, E., Rippin, D. M., Rivera, A., Roberts, J., Ross, N., Siegert, M. J., Smith, A. M., Steinhage, D., Studinger, M., Sun, B., Tinto, B. K., Welch, B. C., Wilson, D., Young, D. A., Xiangbin, C., and Zirizzotti, A.: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013.
Received: 31 Jul 2012 –Discussion started: 11 Oct 2012 –Revised: 17 Jan 2013 –Accepted: 23 Jan 2013 –Published: 28 Feb 2013
