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Applied Optics
Vol. 51,
Issue 36,
pp. 8779-8792
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.51.008779

Atmospheric vertical profiles of O₃, N₂O, CH₄, CCl₂F₂, and H₂O retrieved from external-cavityquantum-cascade laser heterodyneradiometer measurements

Tracy R. Tsai, Rebecca A. Rose, Damien Weidmann, and Gerard Wysocki

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Tracy R. Tsai,¹Rebecca A. Rose,²Damien Weidmann,^2,^*and Gerard Wysocki¹

¹Electrical Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA

²Space Science & Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK

^*Corresponding author:damien.weidmann@stfc.ac.uk

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Tracy R. Tsai, Rebecca A. Rose, Damien Weidmann, and Gerard Wysocki, "Atmospheric vertical profiles of O₃, N₂O, CH₄, CCl₂F₂, and H₂O retrieved from external-cavity quantum-cascade laser heterodyne radiometer measurements," Appl. Opt.51, 8779-8792 (2012)
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 17, 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: November 2, 2012
- Published: December 20, 2012

Abstract

Atmospheric vertical profiles of ozone, nitrous oxide, methane, dichlorodifluoromethane, and water are retrieved from data collected with a widely tunable external-cavity quantum-cascade laser heterodyne radiometer (EC-QC-LHR) covering a spectral range between 1120 and $1238 {cm}^{- 1}$ . The instrument was operated in solar occultation mode during a two-month measurement campaign at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, UK, in winter 2010/2011, and ultrahigh-resolution (60 MHz or $0.002 {cm}^{- 1}$ ) transmission spectra were recorded for multiple narrow spectral windows ( $\sim 1 {cm}^{- 1}$ width) specific to each molecule. The ultrahigh spectral resolution of the EC-QC-LHR allows retrieving altitudinal profiles from transmission spectra that contain only few (1–3) significant absorption lines of a target molecule. Profiles are validated by comparing with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational atmospheric profiles (ozone and water), with other data in the literature (nitrous oxide, methane, dichlorodifluoromethane), and with retrievals from a lower resolution (600 MHz or $0.02 {cm}^{- 1}$ ) Fourier transform spectroscopy data that were also recorded during the measurement campaign.

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Applied Optics

Gisele Bennett, Editor-in-Chief

Table 1.

Main Target Absorption Lines within the Four Spectral Windows Selected for Atmospheric Profilinga

Molecule	Frequency ( ${cm}^{- 1}$ )	Intensity ( ${cm}^{- 1} / molec \cdot {cm}^{- 2}$ )	Band	Altitude Grid (km)	$τ$ (ms)	Acquisition Time ( $s$ )
Spectral window 1: 19 January 2011, 10:16
${}^{16}{O_{3}}$	1129.92	$9.59 E - 22$	$ν_{1}$	1,7,14,19,24,29,34	200	190
	1130.11	$1.62 E - 22$	$ν_{1}$
	1130.14	$1.06 E - 21$	$ν_{1}$
$H_{2} {}^{18}O$	1129.87	$3.92 E - 25$	$ν_{2}$	1, 3
Spectral window 2: 19 January 2011, 10:18
${}^{14}{N_{2}} {}^{16}O$	1161.48	$3.95 E - 21$	$2 ν_{2}$	1,8,15,21	100	91
${CCl}_{2} F_{2}$ b	1161.07	$1.04 E - 19$	$ν_{8}$	1,8
${}^{16}{O_{3}}$	1160.90	$2.13 E - 22$	$ν_{1}$	2, 14, 26, 36
	1161.01	$9.52 E - 23$	$ν_{1}$
	1161.27	$3.06 E - 22$	$ν_{1}$
	1161.29	$3.18 E - 22$	$ν_{1}$
Spectral window 3: 18 January 2011, 10:36
$H_{2} {}^{16}O$	1193.49	$7.30 E - 27$	$ν_{2}$	0.5,4	200	181
${}^{14}{N_{2}} {}^{16}O$	1194.04	$3.13 E - 21$	$2 ν_{2}$	1, 9, 15, 22	200	181
Spectral window 4: 28 January 2011, 13:17
${}^{12}{CH}_{4}$	1216.20	$3.32 E - 21$	$ν_{4}$	1,8,19	100	109
	1216.24	$2.08 E - 22$	$ν_{4}$
	1216.33	$1.10 E - 22$	$ν_{4}$
	1216.63	$1.11 E - 21$	$ν_{4}$
$H_{2} {}^{16}O$	1216.19	$3.70 E - 25$	$ν_{2}$	0.5, 3.5

a Molecules shown in bold are the main targets in each spectral window selected to retrieve vertical profiles (molecules not shown in bold were still incorporated into the model to improve the quality of retrieval).
b The

Q

-branch of

{CF}_{2}

stretch of

{CCl}_{2} F_{2}

has many congested lines that formed one broadband absorption feature, and the table lists the strongest line and its center frequency. For more detailed information, please refer to Refs. [34,35].

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