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Applied Optics
Vol. 41,
Issue 15,
pp. 2760-2767
(2002)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.002760

Extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Asian dust observed with high-spectral-resolution lidar and Raman lidar

Zhaoyan Liu, Nobuo Sugimoto, and Toshiyuki Murayama

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Author Affiliations

Zhaoyan Liu,Nobuo Sugimoto,and Toshiyuki Murayama

Z. Liu and N. Sugimoto are with the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16–2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-8506.

Z. Liu is now with Hampton University, 23 Tyler Street, Hampton, Virginia 23668.

T. Murayama is with the Tokyo University of Mercantile Marine, 2–1-6 Etchujima, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan 135-8533.

Corresponding author:nsugimot@nies.go.jp,murayama@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp

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Zhaoyan Liu, Nobuo Sugimoto, and Toshiyuki Murayama, "Extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Asian dust observed with high-spectral-resolution lidar and Raman lidar," Appl. Opt.41, 2760-2767 (2002)
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 28, 2001
- Revised Manuscript: January 9, 2002
- Published: May 20, 2002

Abstract

Extinction-to-backscatter ratio or lidar ratio is a key parameter in the issue of backscatter-lidar inversions. The lidar ratio of Asian dust was observed with a high-spectral-resolution lidar and a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar during the springs of 1998 and 1999. The measured values range from 42 to 55 sr in most cases, with a mean of 51 sr. These values are significantly larger than those predicted by the Mie computations that incorporate measured Asian dust size distributions and a range of refractive index with a typical value of 1.55–0.005i. The enhancement of lidar ratio is mostly due to the nonsphericity of dust particles, as indicated by theT-matrix calculations for spheroid particles and a number of other theoretical studies. In addition, possible contamination of urban aerosols may also contribute somewhat in optically thin cases. Mie theory, although it can well describe spherical particle scattering, will not be sufficient to represent the scattering characteristics of irregular particles such as Asian dust, especially in directions larger than approximately 90°,when the size parameter is large.

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Applied Optics

Gisele Bennett, Editor-in-Chief

Table 1

Lidar Ratio Measured with the NIES HSRL

Date	Time	Height (km)	Backscatter Ratio Peak:Mean	Lidar Ratio (sr)
18 March 1998	20:17–21:57	3–10.5	2.6:1.9	73 ± 12a
				(8–10.5 km)
31 March 1998	18:34–20:24	?–6.5	2.4:1.9	43 ± 4a
				(3.5–6.5 km)
19 April 1998	21:51–22:51	?–6.5	5.0:2.3	55 ± 10b
				(2.5–6 km)
20 April 1996	20:45–22:45	1.6–3	2.5:2.1	45 ± 13b
				(2.5–3 km)
1 March 1999	23:07–00:38	3–5	5.2:3.4	49 ± 7.6b
				(3.1–4.5 km)
1 May 1999	19:48–21:54	3.9–5.1	3.37:2.57	42 ± 4.7b
		5.9–10.3	1.38:1.29	(4–5 km)

^a Height resolution is equal to the analyzed dust layer.
^b Height resolution is 300 m.

Table 2

Lidar Ratios Computed by Means of Mie Theory and T-Matrix Methoda

Size distribution	Lidar ratio [sr]
	Sphere			Spheroid
	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.005	m_i = 0.005,m_r = 1.50–1.60	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.001–0.010	Oblate (e = 1.4)	Oblate (1.7)	Prolate (1.4)	Prolate (1.7)
	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.005	m_i = 0.005,m_r = 1.50–1.60	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.001–0.010	m = 1.55–0.005i
Tokyo	19.3	28.6–13.4	14.5–25.3	23.4	36.9	32.5	51.2
Tsukuba	27.4	38.4–20.0	21.4–34.7	34.0	49.7	41.8	59.3
Average	17.9	27.3–12.1	13.3–23.7	21.7	35.5	30.5	50.7

^a e, the long-to-short dimention ratio;m: the complex infractive index;m_r: the real part of the complex refractive index;m_i: the imaginary part.

Tables (2)

Table 1

Lidar Ratio Measured with the NIES HSRL

Date	Time	Height (km)	Backscatter Ratio Peak:Mean	Lidar Ratio (sr)
18 March 1998	20:17–21:57	3–10.5	2.6:1.9	73 ± 12a
				(8–10.5 km)
31 March 1998	18:34–20:24	?–6.5	2.4:1.9	43 ± 4a
				(3.5–6.5 km)
19 April 1998	21:51–22:51	?–6.5	5.0:2.3	55 ± 10b
				(2.5–6 km)
20 April 1996	20:45–22:45	1.6–3	2.5:2.1	45 ± 13b
				(2.5–3 km)
1 March 1999	23:07–00:38	3–5	5.2:3.4	49 ± 7.6b
				(3.1–4.5 km)
1 May 1999	19:48–21:54	3.9–5.1	3.37:2.57	42 ± 4.7b
		5.9–10.3	1.38:1.29	(4–5 km)

^a Height resolution is equal to the analyzed dust layer.
^b Height resolution is 300 m.

Table 2

Lidar Ratios Computed by Means of Mie Theory and T-Matrix Methoda

Size distribution	Lidar ratio [sr]
	Sphere			Spheroid
	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.005	m_i = 0.005,m_r = 1.50–1.60	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.001–0.010	Oblate (e = 1.4)	Oblate (1.7)	Prolate (1.4)	Prolate (1.7)
	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.005	m_i = 0.005,m_r = 1.50–1.60	m_r = 1.55,m_i = 0.001–0.010	m = 1.55–0.005i
Tokyo	19.3	28.6–13.4	14.5–25.3	23.4	36.9	32.5	51.2
Tsukuba	27.4	38.4–20.0	21.4–34.7	34.0	49.7	41.8	59.3
Average	17.9	27.3–12.1	13.3–23.7	21.7	35.5	30.5	50.7

^a e, the long-to-short dimention ratio;m: the complex infractive index;m_r: the real part of the complex refractive index;m_i: the imaginary part.

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Movatterモバイル変換

Extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Asian dust observed with high-spectral-resolution lidar and Raman lidar

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Abstract

Cited By

Figures (3)

Tables (2)

Equations (4)

Applied Optics

Table 1

Lidar Ratio Measured with the NIES HSRL

Table 2

Lidar Ratios Computed by Means of Mie Theory and T-Matrix Methoda

Tables (2)

Table 1

Table 2

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