| dbo:abstract | - Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Life originated as marine single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into more complex eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists. Protists are the eukaryotes that cannot be classified as plants, fungi or animals. They are mostly single-celled and microscopic. The term protist came into use historically as a term of convenience for eukaryotes that cannot be strictly classified as plants, animals or fungi. They are not a part of modern cladistics because they are paraphyletic (lacking a common ancestor for all descendants). Most protists are too small to be seen with the naked eye. They are highly diverse organisms currently organised into 18 phyla, but not easy to classify. Studies have shown high protist diversity exists in oceans, deep sea-vents and river sediments, suggesting large numbers of eukaryotic microbial communities have yet to be discovered. There has been little research on mixotrophic protists, but recent studies in marine environments found mixotrophic protists contribute a significant part of the protist biomass. Since protists are eukaryotes (and not prokaryotes) they possess within their cell at least one nucleus, as well as organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi bodies. Many protist species can switch between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction involving meiosis and fertilization. In contrast to the cells of prokaryotes, the cells of eukaryotes are highly organised. Plants, animals and fungi are usually multi-celled and are typically macroscopic. Most protists are single-celled and microscopic. But there are exceptions. Some single-celled marine protists are macroscopic. Some marine slime molds have unique life cycles that involve switching between unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms. Other marine protist are neither single-celled nor microscopic, such as seaweed. Protists have been described as a taxonomic grab bag of misfits where anything that doesn't fit into one of the main biological kingdoms can be placed. Some modern authors prefer to exclude multicellular organisms from the traditional definition of a protist, restricting protists to unicellular organisms. This more constrained definition excludes all brown, the multicellular red and green algae, and, sometimes, slime molds (slime molds excluded when multicellularity is defined as "complex"). (en)
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- Armoured (en)
- Fossil of Coccolithus pelagicus, about 10 μm across (en)
- Coccolithophores are armoured with chalk plates or stones called coccoliths. The images above show the size comparison between the relatively large coccolithophore Scyphosphaera apsteinii and the relatively small but ubiquitous Emiliania huxleyi (en)
- Diatoms, major components of marine plankton, have glass skeletons called frustules. "The microscopic structures of diatoms help them manipulate light, leading to hopes they could be used in new technologies for light detection, computing or robotics. (en)
- ...and defensive spines (en)
- ...can have more than one nucleus (en)
- ...extinct fossil (en)
- ...have plates called coccoliths (en)
- Diverse coccolithophores from the Maldives (en)
- Energetic costs in coccolithophore calcification (en)
- Haeckel Peridinea (en)
- Naked amoeba, Chaos sp. (en)
- Shell micrographs (en)
- Shell of a spherical radiolarian (en)
- Suggested explanation for glowing seas (en)
- Testate amoeba, Cyphoderia sp. (en)
- Unarmored dinoflagellates Kofoid (en)
- Unarmoured (en)
- White Phaeocystis algal foam washing up on a beach (en)
- [[#Algae (en)
- [[#Protozoans (en)
- cell schematic (en)
- micrograph (en)
- A surf wave at night sparkles with blue light due to the presence of a bioluminescent dinoflagellate, such as Lingulodinium polyedrum (en)
- Benefits in coccolithophore calcification – see text below (en)
- Acantharian radiolarian hosts Phaeocystis symbionts (en)
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| dbp:direction | - horizontal (en)
- vertical (en)
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| dbp:footer | - Drawings by Haeckel 1904 (en)
- Protists are usually one-celled microorganisms. They include algae and protozoans . In recent years, researchers have discovered many protists are mixotrophs, which can function in both modes. (en)
- Amoeba can be shelled or naked (en)
- Diatoms have a silica shell with radial or bilateral symmetry (en)
- closely replicate some radiolarian shell patterns (en)
- Foraminiferans are important unicellular zooplankton [[#Marine protists (en)
- Computer simulations of Turing patterns on a sphere (en)
- Traditionally dinoflagellates have been presented as armoured or unarmoured (en)
- Choanoflagellates, unicellular "collared" flagellate protists, are thought to be the closest living relatives of the animals. (en)
- Coccolithophores build calcite skeletons important to the marine carbon cycle (en)
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| dbp:header | - Diatoms (en)
- Dinoflagellates (en)
- Foraminiferan shapes (en)
- Foraminiferans (en)
- Coccolithophores (en)
- Marine protists (en)
- Benefits of having shells (en)
- Ciliate shapes (en)
- Costs of having shells (en)
- Diatom shapes (en)
- Dinoflagellate shapes (en)
- Mixotrophic radiolarians (en)
- Radiolarian shapes (en)
- Shelled and naked amoeba (en)
- Turing and radiolarian morphology (en)
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- Coccolithus pelagicus.jpg (en)
- Calcification and energetic costs of a coccolithophore cell.jpg (en)
- Benefits of calcification in coccolithophores.jpg (en)
- Comparative coccolithophore sizes.png (en)
- Foram-globigerina hg.jpg (en)
- G bulloides Brady 1884.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Thalamophora 12.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Thalamphora.jpg (en)
- Chaos carolinense.jpg (en)
- Coccolithophore samples from the Maldives.png (en)
- Codosiga.jpg (en)
- Cronoflagelado2.svg (en)
- Cyphoderia ampulla - Testate amoeba - 160x .jpg (en)
- Detail, CSIRO ScienceImage 7632 SEM diatom .jpg (en)
- Dinoflagellate lumincescence 2.jpg (en)
- Discoaster surculus 01.jpg (en)
- Ecomare - schuimalg strand .jpg (en)
- Gymnodinium agile sp.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Ciliata.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Diatomea 4.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Diatomea.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Peridinea.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Phaeodaria 1.jpg (en)
- Haeckel Spumellaria detail.png (en)
- Haeckel Stephoidea edit.jpg (en)
- Kofoid swezy plate 3.jpg (en)
- Marine diatoms SEM2.jpg (en)
- Pennate diatoms .jpg (en)
- Peridinium digitale.jpg (en)
- Radiolarians - Actinomma sol .jpg (en)
- SEM images of pores in diatom frustules.webp (en)
- Spherical radiolarian.jpg (en)
- Potential Mechanism for Dazzling Blue Flashes of Light in Oceans Identified .jpg (en)
- Phaeocystis symbionts within an acantharian host.png (en)
- Ископаемая диатомовая водоросль.jpg (en)
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| dbp:quote | - "Marine protists are a polyphyletic group of organisms playing major roles in the ecology and biogeochemistry of the oceans, including performing much of Earth's photosynthesis and driving the carbon, nitrogen, and silicon cycles. In addition, marine protists occupy key positions in the tree of life, including as the closest relatives of metazoans [animals]... Unicellular eukaryotes are often lumped as 'protists', a term that is useful despite its taxonomic irrelevance and origin as a definition by exclusion — a protist being any eukaryote that's not a plant, animal, or fungus". (en)
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| rdfs:comment | - Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Life originated as marine single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into more complex eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists. Protists are the eukaryotes that cannot be classified as plants, fungi or animals. They are mostly single-celled and microscopic. The term protist came into use historically as a term of convenience for eukaryotes that cannot be strictly classified as plants, animals or fungi. They are not a part of modern cladistics because they are paraphyletic (lacking a common ancestor for all descendants). (en)
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