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a formula expression as for other regression models, of the formresponse ~ predictors. See the documentation oflm andformula for details.

a vector which identifies the clusters. The length ofid should bethe same as the number of observations. Data are assumed to be sortedso that observations on a cluster are contiguous rows for all entitiesin the formula.

an optional data frame in which to interpret the variables occurringin theformula, along with theid andn variables.

expression saying which subset of the rows of the data should be usedin the fit. This can be a logical vector (which is replicated to havelength equal to the number of observations), or a numeric vectorindicating which observation numbers are to be included, or acharacter vector of the row names to be included.All observations are included by default.

a function to filter missing data. Forgee onlyna.omitshould be used here.

a square matrix of dimension maximum cluster size containing the userspecified correlation. This is only appropriate ifcorstr = "fixed".

an initial estimate for the parameters.

the tolerance used in the fitting algorithm.

the maximum number of iterations.

afamily object: a list of functions and expressions fordefining link and variance functions. Families supportedingee aregaussian,binomial,poisson,Gamma, andquasi;see theglm andfamily documentation.Some links are not currently available:1/mu^2 andsqrt havenot been hard-coded in the ‘⁠cgee⁠’ engine at present.The inverse gaussian variance function is not available.All combinations of remaining functions can be obtainedeither by family selection or by the use ofquasi.

a character string specifying the correlation structure.The following are permitted:"independence","fixed","stat_M_dep","non_stat_M_dep","exchangeable","AR-M" and"unstructured"

Whencorstr is"stat_M_dep","non_stat_M_dep",or"AR-M" thenMv must be specified.

a logical variable controlling whether parameter estimates at eachiteration are printed.

a list giving contrasts for some or all of the factors appearingin the model formula. The elements of the list should have thesame name as the variable and should be either a contrast matrix(specifically, any full-rank matrix with as many rows as there arelevels in the factor), or else a function to compute such a matrixgiven the number of levels.

a logical variable; if true, the scale parameter is fixed atthe value ofscale.value.

numeric variable giving the value to which the scale parametershould be fixed; used only ifscale.fix == TRUE.

logical variable requesting compatibility of correlationparameter estimates with previous versions; the currentversion revises to be more faithful to the Liang and Zeger (1986)proposals (compatible with the Groemping SAS macro, version 2.03)