Movatterモバイル変換

Single character used to separate fields within a record.

Single character used to quote strings.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should missing valuesinside quotes be treated as missing values (the default) or strings. Thisparameter is soft deprecated as of readr 2.0.0.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Does the file escape quotes by doubling them?i.e. If this option isTRUE, the value⁠""""⁠ representsa single quote,⁠\"⁠.

Does the file use backslashes to escape specialcharacters? This is more general thanescape_double as backslashescan be used to escape the delimiter character, the quote character, orto add special characters like⁠\\n⁠.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Begin and end offsets for each file. These are C++offsets so the first column is column zero, and the ranges are[begin, end) (i.e inclusive-exclusive).

Input object

Either column objects created by⁠col_*()⁠, or their abbreviatedcharacter names (as described in thecol_types argument ofread_delim()). If you're only overriding a few columns, it'sbest to refer to columns by name. If not named, the column types must matchthe column names exactly.

Any named columns not explicitly overridden in...will be read with this column type.

The data frame object to extract from

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

A tokenizer that specifies how to break thefileup into fields, e.g.,tokenizer_csv(),tokenizer_fwf()

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Optionally, maximum number of rows to count fields for.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Full and abbreviated month names.

Full and abbreviated week day names. Starts with Sunday.

Names used for AM and PM.

A BCP 47 locale, made up of a language and a region,e.g."en" for American English. Seedate_names_langs()for a complete list of available locales.

A data frame.

Delimiter used to separate values. Defaults to" " forwrite_delim(),"," forwrite_excel_csv() and";" forwrite_excel_csv2(). Must be a single character.

String used for missing values. Defaults to NA. Missing valueswill never be quoted; strings with the same value asna willalways be quoted.

IfFALSE, will overwrite existing file. IfTRUE,will append to existing file. In both cases, if the file does not exist a newfile is created.

IfFALSE, column names will not be included at the top of the file. IfTRUE,column names will be included. If not specified,col_names will take the opposite value given toappend.

How to handle fields which contain characters that need to bequoted.

• needed - Values are only quoted if needed: if they contain a delimiter,quote, or newline.

• all - Quote all fields.

• none - Never quote fields.

The type of escape to use when quotes are in the data.

• double - quotes are escaped by doubling them.

• backslash - quotes are escaped by a preceding backslash.

• none - quotes are not escaped.

The end of line character to use. Most commonly either"\n" forUnix style newlines, or"\r\n" for Windows style newlines.

Use theescapeargument instead.

A character string specifying an input as specified indatasource(), a raw vector, or a list of raw vectors.

Number of lines to read. Ifn_max is -1, all lines infile will be read.

Only report guesses above this threshold of certainty.

Character representations of day and month names. Eitherthe language code as string (passed on todate_names_lang())or an object created bydate_names().

Default date and time formats.

Symbols used to indicate the decimalplace, and to chunk larger numbers. Decimal mark can only be⁠,⁠ or..

Default tz. This is used both for input (if the time zone isn'tpresent in individual strings), and for output (to control the defaultdisplay). The default is to use "UTC", a time zone that does not usedaylight savings time (DST) and hence is typically most useful for data.The absence of time zones makes it approximately 50x faster to generateUTC times than any other time zone.

Use"" to use the system default time zone, but beware that thiswill not be reproducible across systems.

For a complete list of possible time zones, seeOlsonNames().Americans, note that "EST" is a Canadian time zone that does not haveDST. It isnot Eastern Standard Time. It's better to use"US/Eastern", "US/Central" etc.

Default encoding. This only affects how the file isread - readr always converts the output to UTF-8.

Should diacritics be stripped from date names and converted toASCII? This is useful if you're dealing with ASCII data where the correctspellings have been lost. Requires thestringi package.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Single character used to separate fields within a record.

Single character used to quote strings.

Does the file use backslashes to escape specialcharacters? This is more general thanescape_double as backslashescan be used to escape the delimiter character, the quote character, orto add special characters like⁠\\n⁠.

Does the file escape quotes by doubling them?i.e. If this option isTRUE, the value⁠""""⁠ representsa single quote,⁠\"⁠.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should missing valuesinside quotes be treated as missing values (the default) or strings. Thisparameter is soft deprecated as of readr 2.0.0.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data. Ifcomment issupplied any commented lines are ignoredafter skipping.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

A callback function to call on each chunk

The number of rows to include in each chunk

Single character used to separate fields within a record.

Single character used to quote strings.

Does the file use backslashes to escape specialcharacters? This is more general thanescape_double as backslashescan be used to escape the delimiter character, the quote character, orto add special characters like⁠\\n⁠.

Does the file escape quotes by doubling them?i.e. If this option isTRUE, the value⁠""""⁠ representsa single quote,⁠\"⁠.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should missing valuesinside quotes be treated as missing values (the default) or strings. Thisparameter is soft deprecated as of readr 2.0.0.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data. Ifcomment issupplied any commented lines are ignoredafter skipping.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Column positions, as created byfwf_empty(),fwf_widths() orfwf_positions(). To read in only selected fields,usefwf_positions(). If the width of the last column is variable (aragged fwf file), supply the last end position as NA.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Maximum number of lines to use for guessing column types.Will never use more than the number of lines read.Seevignette("column-types", package = "readr") for more details.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

A vector

Character vector of values to parse.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

A character vector of dates to parse.

A format specification, as described below. If set to "",date times are parsed as ISO8601, dates and times used the date andtime formats specified in thelocale().

Unlikestrptime(), the format specification must matchthe complete string.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Character vector of values to parse.

Character vector of the allowed levels. Whenlevels = NULL(the default),levels are discovered from the unique values ofx, inthe order in which they appear inx.

Is it an ordered factor?

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

IfTRUE andx contains at least oneNA, thenNAis included in the levels of the constructed factor.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Character vector of values to parse.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

IfTRUE, guess integer types for whole numbers, ifFALSE guess numeric type for all numbers.

Character vector of values to parse.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Character vector of elements to parse.

Column specification.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

A data frame (from⁠read_*()⁠) or a vector (from⁠parse_*()⁠).

Row and column of problem

What readr expected to find

What it actually got

Name (character string) of data set to read.

Name of package from which to find data set. By default, allattached packages are searched and then the 'data' subdirectory (if present)of the current working directory.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Single character used to separate fields within a record.

Single character used to quote strings.

Does the file use backslashes to escape specialcharacters? This is more general thanescape_double as backslashescan be used to escape the delimiter character, the quote character, orto add special characters like⁠\\n⁠.

Does the file escape quotes by doubling them?i.e. If this option isTRUE, the value⁠""""⁠ representsa single quote,⁠\"⁠.

EitherTRUE,FALSE or a character vectorof column names.

IfTRUE, the first row of the input will be used as the columnnames, and will not be included in the data frame. IfFALSE, columnnames will be generated automatically: X1, X2, X3 etc.

Ifcol_names is a character vector, the values will be used as thenames of the columns, and the first row of the input will be read intothe first row of the output data frame.

Missing (NA) column names will generate a warning, and be filledin with dummy names...1,...2 etc. Duplicate column nameswill generate a warning and be made unique, seename_repair to controlhow this is done.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, all column types will be inferred fromguess_max rows of theinput, interspersed throughout the file. This is convenient (and fast),but not robust. If the guessed types are wrong, you'll need to increaseguess_max or supply the correct types yourself.

Column specifications created bylist() orcols() must containone column specification for each column. If you only want to read asubset of the columns, usecols_only().

Alternatively, you can use a compact string representation where eachcharacter represents one column:

• c = character

• i = integer

• n = number

• d = double

• l = logical

• f = factor

• D = date

• T = date time

• t = time

• ? = guess

• _ or - = skip

By default, reading a file without a column specification will print amessage showing whatreadr guessed they were. To remove this message,setshow_col_types = FALSE or setoptions(readr.show_col_types = FALSE).

Columns to include in the results. You can use the samemini-language asdplyr::select() to refer to the columns by name. Usec() to use more than one selection expression. Although thisusage is less common,col_select also accepts a numeric column index. See?tidyselect::language for full details on theselection language.

The name of a column in which to store the file path. This isuseful when reading multiple input files and there is data in the filepaths, such as the data collection date. IfNULL (the default) no extracolumn is created.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should missing valuesinside quotes be treated as missing values (the default) or strings. Thisparameter is soft deprecated as of readr 2.0.0.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data. Ifcomment issupplied any commented lines are ignoredafter skipping.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Maximum number of lines to use for guessing column types.Will never use more than the number of lines read.Seevignette("column-types", package = "readr") for more details.

Handling of column names. The default behaviour is toensure column names are"unique". Various repair strategies aresupported:

• "minimal": No name repair or checks, beyond basic existence of names.

• "unique" (default value): Make sure names are unique and not empty.

• "check_unique": No name repair, but check they areunique.

• "unique_quiet": Repair with theunique strategy, quietly.

• "universal": Make the namesunique and syntactic.

• "universal_quiet": Repair with theuniversal strategy, quietly.

• A function: Apply custom name repair (e.g.,name_repair = make.namesfor names in the style of base R).

• A purrr-style anonymous function, seerlang::as_function().

This argument is passed on asrepair tovctrs::vec_as_names().See there for more details on these terms and the strategies usedto enforce them.

The number of processing threads to use for initialparsing and lazy reading of data. If your data contains newlines withinfields the parser should automatically detect this and fall back to usingone thread only. However if you know your file has newlines within quotedfields it is safest to setnum_threads = 1 explicitly.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

IfFALSE, do not show the guessed column types. IfTRUE always show the column types, even if they are supplied. IfNULL(the default) only show the column types if they are not explicitly suppliedby thecol_types argument.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Read values lazily? By default, this isFALSE, because thereare special considerations when reading a file lazily that have tripped upsome users. Specifically, things get tricky when reading and then writingback into the same file. But, in general, lazy reading (lazy = TRUE) hasmany benefits, especially for interactive use and when your downstream workonly involves a subset of the rows or columns.

Learn more inshould_read_lazy() and in the documentation for thealtrep argument ofvroom::vroom().

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

A callback function to call on each chunk

Single character used to separate fields within a record.

The number of rows to include in each chunk

Single character used to quote strings.

Does the file use backslashes to escape specialcharacters? This is more general thanescape_double as backslashescan be used to escape the delimiter character, the quote character, orto add special characters like⁠\\n⁠.

Does the file escape quotes by doubling them?i.e. If this option isTRUE, the value⁠""""⁠ representsa single quote,⁠\"⁠.

EitherTRUE,FALSE or a character vectorof column names.

IfTRUE, the first row of the input will be used as the columnnames, and will not be included in the data frame. IfFALSE, columnnames will be generated automatically: X1, X2, X3 etc.

Ifcol_names is a character vector, the values will be used as thenames of the columns, and the first row of the input will be read intothe first row of the output data frame.

Missing (NA) column names will generate a warning, and be filledin with dummy names...1,...2 etc. Duplicate column nameswill generate a warning and be made unique, seename_repair to controlhow this is done.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, all column types will be inferred fromguess_max rows of theinput, interspersed throughout the file. This is convenient (and fast),but not robust. If the guessed types are wrong, you'll need to increaseguess_max or supply the correct types yourself.

Column specifications created bylist() orcols() must containone column specification for each column. If you only want to read asubset of the columns, usecols_only().

Alternatively, you can use a compact string representation where eachcharacter represents one column:

• c = character

• i = integer

• n = number

• d = double

• l = logical

• f = factor

• D = date

• T = date time

• t = time

• ? = guess

• _ or - = skip

By default, reading a file without a column specification will print amessage showing whatreadr guessed they were. To remove this message,setshow_col_types = FALSE or setoptions(readr.show_col_types = FALSE).

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should missing valuesinside quotes be treated as missing values (the default) or strings. Thisparameter is soft deprecated as of readr 2.0.0.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data. Ifcomment issupplied any commented lines are ignoredafter skipping.

Maximum number of lines to use for guessing column types.Will never use more than the number of lines read.Seevignette("column-types", package = "readr") for more details.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

IfFALSE, do not show the guessed column types. IfTRUE always show the column types, even if they are supplied. IfNULL(the default) only show the column types if they are not explicitly suppliedby thecol_types argument.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

A single string, or a raw vector to write to disk.

IfFALSE, will overwrite existing file. IfTRUE,will append to existing file. In both cases, if the file does not exist a newfile is created.

Use thefile argumentinstead.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Column positions, as created byfwf_empty(),fwf_widths() orfwf_positions(). To read in only selected fields,usefwf_positions(). If the width of the last column is variable (aragged fwf file), supply the last end position as NA.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, all column types will be inferred fromguess_max rows of theinput, interspersed throughout the file. This is convenient (and fast),but not robust. If the guessed types are wrong, you'll need to increaseguess_max or supply the correct types yourself.

Column specifications created bylist() orcols() must containone column specification for each column. If you only want to read asubset of the columns, usecols_only().

Alternatively, you can use a compact string representation where eachcharacter represents one column:

• c = character

• i = integer

• n = number

• d = double

• l = logical

• f = factor

• D = date

• T = date time

• t = time

• ? = guess

• _ or - = skip

By default, reading a file without a column specification will print amessage showing whatreadr guessed they were. To remove this message,setshow_col_types = FALSE or setoptions(readr.show_col_types = FALSE).

Columns to include in the results. You can use the samemini-language asdplyr::select() to refer to the columns by name. Usec() to use more than one selection expression. Although thisusage is less common,col_select also accepts a numeric column index. See?tidyselect::language for full details on theselection language.

The name of a column in which to store the file path. This isuseful when reading multiple input files and there is data in the filepaths, such as the data collection date. IfNULL (the default) no extracolumn is created.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Maximum number of lines to use for guessing column types.Will never use more than the number of lines read.Seevignette("column-types", package = "readr") for more details.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

Handling of column names. The default behaviour is toensure column names are"unique". Various repair strategies aresupported:

• "minimal": No name repair or checks, beyond basic existence of names.

• "unique" (default value): Make sure names are unique and not empty.

• "check_unique": No name repair, but check they areunique.

• "unique_quiet": Repair with theunique strategy, quietly.

• "universal": Make the namesunique and syntactic.

• "universal_quiet": Repair with theuniversal strategy, quietly.

• A function: Apply custom name repair (e.g.,name_repair = make.namesfor names in the style of base R).

• A purrr-style anonymous function, seerlang::as_function().

This argument is passed on asrepair tovctrs::vec_as_names().See there for more details on these terms and the strategies usedto enforce them.

The number of processing threads to use for initialparsing and lazy reading of data. If your data contains newlines withinfields the parser should automatically detect this and fall back to usingone thread only. However if you know your file has newlines within quotedfields it is safest to setnum_threads = 1 explicitly.

IfFALSE, do not show the guessed column types. IfTRUE always show the column types, even if they are supplied. IfNULL(the default) only show the column types if they are not explicitly suppliedby thecol_types argument.

Read values lazily? By default, this isFALSE, because thereare special considerations when reading a file lazily that have tripped upsome users. Specifically, things get tricky when reading and then writingback into the same file. But, in general, lazy reading (lazy = TRUE) hasmany benefits, especially for interactive use and when your downstream workonly involves a subset of the rows or columns.

Learn more inshould_read_lazy() and in the documentation for thealtrep argument ofvroom::vroom().

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Either NULL, or a character vector column names.

Number of lines the tokenizer will read to determine file structure. By defaultit is set to 100.

Width of each field. Use NA as width of last field whenreading a ragged fwf file.

Starting and ending (inclusive) positions of each field.Use NA as last end field when reading a ragged fwf file.

If the first element is a data frame,then it must have all numeric columns and either one or two rows.The column names are the variable names. The column values are thevariable widths if a length one vector, and if length two, variable start and endpositions. The elements of... are used to construct a data framewith or or two rows as above.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Number of lines to read. Ifn_max is -1, all lines infile will be read.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Read values lazily? By default, this isFALSE, because thereare special considerations when reading a file lazily that have tripped upsome users. Specifically, things get tricky when reading and then writingback into the same file. But, in general, lazy reading (lazy = TRUE) hasmany benefits, especially for interactive use and when your downstream workonly involves a subset of the rows or columns.

Learn more inshould_read_lazy() and in the documentation for thealtrep argument ofvroom::vroom().

The number of processing threads to use for initialparsing and lazy reading of data. If your data contains newlines withinfields the parser should automatically detect this and fall back to usingone thread only. However if you know your file has newlines within quotedfields it is safest to setnum_threads = 1 explicitly.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

A character vector or list of raw vectors to write to disk.

The line separator. Defaults to⁠\\n⁠, commonly used on POSIXsystems like macOS and linux. For native windows (CRLF) separators use⁠\\r\\n⁠.

IfFALSE, will overwrite existing file. IfTRUE,will append to existing file. In both cases, if the file does not exist a newfile is created.

Use thefile argumentinstead.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

A callback function to call on each chunk

The number of rows to include in each chunk

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

EitherTRUE,FALSE or a character vectorof column names.

IfTRUE, the first row of the input will be used as the columnnames, and will not be included in the data frame. IfFALSE, columnnames will be generated automatically: X1, X2, X3 etc.

Ifcol_names is a character vector, the values will be used as thenames of the columns, and the first row of the input will be read intothe first row of the output data frame.

Missing (NA) column names will generate a warning, and be filledin with dummy names...1,...2 etc. Duplicate column nameswill generate a warning and be made unique, seename_repair to controlhow this is done.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, all column types will be inferred fromguess_max rows of theinput, interspersed throughout the file. This is convenient (and fast),but not robust. If the guessed types are wrong, you'll need to increaseguess_max or supply the correct types yourself.

Column specifications created bylist() orcols() must containone column specification for each column. If you only want to read asubset of the columns, usecols_only().

Alternatively, you can use a compact string representation where eachcharacter represents one column:

• c = character

• i = integer

• n = number

• d = double

• l = logical

• f = factor

• D = date

• T = date time

• t = time

• ? = guess

• _ or - = skip

By default, reading a file without a column specification will print amessage showing whatreadr guessed they were. To remove this message,setshow_col_types = FALSE or setoptions(readr.show_col_types = FALSE).

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data. Ifcomment issupplied any commented lines are ignoredafter skipping.

Maximum number of lines to read.

IfFALSE, do not show the guessed column types. IfTRUE always show the column types, even if they are supplied. IfNULL(the default) only show the column types if they are not explicitly suppliedby thecol_types argument.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

The file path to read from/write to.

A function to handle reference objects.

R object to write to serialise.

Compression method to use: "none", "gz" ,"bz", or "xz".

Serialization format version to be used. The default value is 2as it's compatible for R versions prior to 3.5.0. Seebase::saveRDS()for more details.

IfTRUE a text representation is used, otherwise a binary representation is used.

Use thefile argumentinstead.

Additional arguments to connection function. For example, controlthe space-time trade-off of different compression methods withcompression. Seeconnections() for more details.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

EitherTRUE,FALSE or a character vectorof column names.

IfTRUE, the first row of the input will be used as the columnnames, and will not be included in the data frame. IfFALSE, columnnames will be generated automatically: X1, X2, X3 etc.

Ifcol_names is a character vector, the values will be used as thenames of the columns, and the first row of the input will be read intothe first row of the output data frame.

Missing (NA) column names will generate a warning, and be filledin with dummy names...1,...2 etc. Duplicate column nameswill generate a warning and be made unique, seename_repair to controlhow this is done.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, all column types will be inferred fromguess_max rows of theinput, interspersed throughout the file. This is convenient (and fast),but not robust. If the guessed types are wrong, you'll need to increaseguess_max or supply the correct types yourself.

Column specifications created bylist() orcols() must containone column specification for each column. If you only want to read asubset of the columns, usecols_only().

Alternatively, you can use a compact string representation where eachcharacter represents one column:

• c = character

• i = integer

• n = number

• d = double

• l = logical

• f = factor

• D = date

• T = date time

• t = time

• ? = guess

• _ or - = skip

By default, reading a file without a column specification will print amessage showing whatreadr guessed they were. To remove this message,setshow_col_types = FALSE or setoptions(readr.show_col_types = FALSE).

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Maximum number of lines to use for guessing column types.Will never use more than the number of lines read.Seevignette("column-types", package = "readr") for more details.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

IfFALSE, do not show the guessed column types. IfTRUE always show the column types, even if they are supplied. IfNULL(the default) only show the column types if they are not explicitly suppliedby thecol_types argument.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Name of file. IfNULL, the example files will be listed.

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

Single character used to separate fields within a record.

Single character used to quote strings.

Does the file use backslashes to escape specialcharacters? This is more general thanescape_double as backslashescan be used to escape the delimiter character, the quote character, orto add special characters like⁠\\n⁠.

Does the file escape quotes by doubling them?i.e. If this option isTRUE, the value⁠""""⁠ representsa single quote,⁠\"⁠.

EitherTRUE,FALSE or a character vectorof column names.

IfTRUE, the first row of the input will be used as the columnnames, and will not be included in the data frame. IfFALSE, columnnames will be generated automatically: X1, X2, X3 etc.

Ifcol_names is a character vector, the values will be used as thenames of the columns, and the first row of the input will be read intothe first row of the output data frame.

Missing (NA) column names will generate a warning, and be filledin with dummy names...1,...2 etc. Duplicate column nameswill generate a warning and be made unique, seename_repair to controlhow this is done.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, all column types will be inferred fromguess_max rows of theinput, interspersed throughout the file. This is convenient (and fast),but not robust. If the guessed types are wrong, you'll need to increaseguess_max or supply the correct types yourself.

Column specifications created bylist() orcols() must containone column specification for each column. If you only want to read asubset of the columns, usecols_only().

Alternatively, you can use a compact string representation where eachcharacter represents one column:

• c = character

• i = integer

• n = number

• d = double

• l = logical

• f = factor

• D = date

• T = date time

• t = time

• ? = guess

• _ or - = skip

By default, reading a file without a column specification will print amessage showing whatreadr guessed they were. To remove this message,setshow_col_types = FALSE or setoptions(readr.show_col_types = FALSE).

Columns to include in the results. You can use the samemini-language asdplyr::select() to refer to the columns by name. Usec() to use more than one selection expression. Although thisusage is less common,col_select also accepts a numeric column index. See?tidyselect::language for full details on theselection language.

The name of a column in which to store the file path. This isuseful when reading multiple input files and there is data in the filepaths, such as the data collection date. IfNULL (the default) no extracolumn is created.

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should missing valuesinside quotes be treated as missing values (the default) or strings. Thisparameter is soft deprecated as of readr 2.0.0.

A string used to identify comments. Any text after thecomment characters will be silently ignored.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

Number of lines to skip before reading data. Ifcomment issupplied any commented lines are ignoredafter skipping.

Maximum number of lines to read.

Maximum number of lines to use for guessing column types.Will never use more than the number of lines read.Seevignette("column-types", package = "readr") for more details.

Handling of column names. The default behaviour is toensure column names are"unique". Various repair strategies aresupported:

• "minimal": No name repair or checks, beyond basic existence of names.

• "unique" (default value): Make sure names are unique and not empty.

• "check_unique": No name repair, but check they areunique.

• "unique_quiet": Repair with theunique strategy, quietly.

• "universal": Make the namesunique and syntactic.

• "universal_quiet": Repair with theuniversal strategy, quietly.

• A function: Apply custom name repair (e.g.,name_repair = make.namesfor names in the style of base R).

• A purrr-style anonymous function, seerlang::as_function().

This argument is passed on asrepair tovctrs::vec_as_names().See there for more details on these terms and the strategies usedto enforce them.

The number of processing threads to use for initialparsing and lazy reading of data. If your data contains newlines withinfields the parser should automatically detect this and fall back to usingone thread only. However if you know your file has newlines within quotedfields it is safest to setnum_threads = 1 explicitly.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The automaticprogress bar can be disabled by setting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

IfFALSE, do not show the guessed column types. IfTRUE always show the column types, even if they are supplied. IfNULL(the default) only show the column types if they are not explicitly suppliedby thecol_types argument.

Should blank rows be ignored altogether? i.e. If thisoption isTRUE then blank rows will not be represented at all. If it isFALSE then they will be represented byNA values in all the columns.

Read values lazily? By default, this isFALSE, because thereare special considerations when reading a file lazily that have tripped upsome users. Specifically, things get tricky when reading and then writingback into the same file. But, in general, lazy reading (lazy = TRUE) hasmany benefits, especially for interactive use and when your downstream workonly involves a subset of the rows or columns.

Learn more inshould_read_lazy() and in the documentation for thealtrep argument ofvroom::vroom().

Either a path to a file, a connection, or literal data(either a single string or a raw vector).

Files ending in.gz,.bz2,.xz, or.zip willbe automatically uncompressed. Files starting with⁠http://⁠,⁠https://⁠,⁠ftp://⁠, or⁠ftps://⁠ will be automaticallydownloaded. Remote gz files can also be automatically downloaded anddecompressed.

Literal data is most useful for examples and tests. To be recognised asliteral data, the input must be either wrapped withI(), be a stringcontaining at least one new line, or be a vector containing at least onestring with a new line.

Using a value ofclipboard() will read from the system clipboard.

A tokenizer specification.

Number of lines to skip before reading data.

Optionally, maximum number of rows to tokenize.

A data frame.

One ofNULL, acols() specification, ora string. Seevignette("readr") for more details.

IfNULL, column types will be imputed using all rows.

Character vector of strings to interpret as missing values. Set thisoption tocharacter() to indicate no missing values.

Should leading and trailing whitespace (ASCII spaces and tabs) be trimmed fromeach field before parsing it?

The locale controls defaults that vary from place to place.The default locale is US-centric (like R), but you can uselocale() to create your own locale that controls things likethe default time zone, encoding, decimal mark, big mark, and day/monthnames.

IfTRUE, guess integer types for whole numbers, ifFALSE guess numeric type for all numbers.

Should be a single integer, such as1 or2.

Code to run with the changed edition.

Environment that controls scope of changes. For expert use only.

A data frame or tibble to write to disk.

File or connection to write to.

Delimiter used to separate values. Defaults to" " forwrite_delim(),"," forwrite_excel_csv() and";" forwrite_excel_csv2(). Must be a single character.

String used for missing values. Defaults to NA. Missing valueswill never be quoted; strings with the same value asna willalways be quoted.

IfFALSE, will overwrite existing file. IfTRUE,will append to existing file. In both cases, if the file does not exist a newfile is created.

IfFALSE, column names will not be included at the top of the file. IfTRUE,column names will be included. If not specified,col_names will take the opposite value given toappend.

How to handle fields which contain characters that need to bequoted.

• needed - Values are only quoted if needed: if they contain a delimiter,quote, or newline.

• all - Quote all fields.

• none - Never quote fields.

The type of escape to use when quotes are in the data.

• double - quotes are escaped by doubling them.

• backslash - quotes are escaped by a preceding backslash.

• none - quotes are not escaped.

The end of line character to use. Most commonly either"\n" forUnix style newlines, or"\r\n" for Windows style newlines.

Number of threads to use when reading and materializingvectors. If your data contains newlines within fields the parser willautomatically be forced to use a single thread only.

Display a progress bar? By default it will only displayin an interactive session and not while knitting a document. The displayis updated every 50,000 values and will only display if estimated readingtime is 5 seconds or more. The automatic progress bar can be disabled bysetting optionreadr.show_progress toFALSE.

Use thefile argumentinstead.

Use theescapeargument instead.