Strong's Lexicon
naqaph: To go around, surround, encompass, encircle, strike off
Original Word:נָקַף
Part of Speech:Verb
Transliteration:naqaph
Pronunciation:naw-kaf'
Phonetic Spelling:(naw-kaf')
Definition:To go around, surround, encompass, encircle, strike off
Meaning:to strike, to knock together, surround, circulate
Word Origin:A primitive root
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries:While there is no direct one-to-one correspondence in the Greek Strong's entries, similar concepts can be found in words like "περιβάλλω" (periballō - G4016), meaning to surround or encompass.
Usage:The Hebrew verb "naqaph" primarily conveys the action of going around or encircling something. It can also imply the act of surrounding or encompassing, often with the intent of enclosing or besieging. In some contexts, it can mean to strike off or cut down, suggesting a more aggressive or destructive action.
Cultural and Historical Background:In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the concept of encircling or surrounding was often associated with military tactics, such as besieging a city. The act of encircling could also have religious or ceremonial connotations, such as the Israelites marching around the walls of Jericho. The idea of encompassing or surrounding can also be seen in agricultural practices, where fields or vineyards might be encircled for protection.
Brown-Driver-Briggs
I. [] (Late Hebrew
strike, wound, Aramaic
id.; Arabic
fregit caput, ut cerebrum appareret; Vulgar Arabic
snap with the finger (Dozy
ii. 716); Assyrian
na‡pu probably=
mutilated; Ethiopic
peel, flay Di
649); —
Perfect3masculine singular consecutiveIsaiah 10:34 and the thickets of the forest shall bestruck away (on singular verb compare Ges§ 145o DaSynt. § 113 b; or. read ; — form possibly Pi`el, but compare Di Du CheHpt).
Perfect3pluralJob 19:25after my skin, which they (Ges§ 144g)have struck off (alluding to ravages of his disease) —this! but text dubious; Bu
which has been thus struck off.
II. [ ] (intransitive), (Ecclus 45:9 Hiph`ilsurround something with (2 accusative); Perfect 3 feminine singular 43:12 (accusative+ instrumental); Late Hebrew Hiph`il = Biblical Hebrew; also =cling to, be attached, joined to, and so Aramaic (Aph`el),
);
ImperfectIsaiah 29:1 (figurative)let feasts go around, i.e. run the round (of the year).
PerfectJob 19:6; 3feminine singularIsaiah 15:8; 3pluralJob 1:5;Psalm 88:18, consecutive 2 Chronicles 23:7, suffixPsalm 22:17; 2masculine plural consecutive2 Kings 11:8;ImperfectLamentations 3:5; 3masculine pluralPsalm 17:9,2 Kings 6:14; 2masculine pluralLeviticus 19:27;Imperative masculine plural suffixPsalm 48:13;Infinitive absoluteJoshua 6:3,Joshua 6:11;Participle plural1 Kings 7:24; 2Chronicles 4:3; —
go around, surround, encompass:
go around, with accusative of city,Joshua 6:3 compareJoshua 6:11 (accusative omitted),Psalm 48:13 (all "" ); also (figurative)Isaiah 15:8the cry hath gone about the border of Moab.
surround, encompass, enclose, usually with2 Kings 6:14and they closed in upon the city (beleaguered it); with person2 Kings 11:8 (+ ),Psalm 17:9;Psalm 88:18 ("" ), + accusative of thingJob 19:6he hath closed his net in upon me compareLamentations 3:5; less often with accusative of personPsalm 22:17 ("" ), 2 Chronicles 23:7 (""2 Kings 11:8; + ), also of inanimate things1 Kings 7:24 2Chronicles 4:3 (both + , "" ).
make the round, i.e.complete the circuitJob 1:5 whenthe days of feasting had completed their circuit.
make round, round off (literally):Leviticus 19:27 ("" ), of heathen rite.
(√of following; apparently = II. ,go around).
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
compass about cut down, destroy, go round about, enclose, round
A primitive root; to strike with more or less violence (beat, fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together, i.e. Surround or circulate -- compass (about, -ing), cut down, destroy, go round (about), inclose, round.
Forms and Transliterations
הִקִּ֖יפוּ הִקִּ֥יפָה הִקִּֽיף׃ הִקִּיפ֑וּנִי הִקִּיפֽוּ֩ הַקֵּ֖ף הַקֵּ֥יף הקיף הקיף׃ הקיפה הקיפו הקיפוני הקף וְהִקִּיפוּ֩ וְהִקַּפְתֶּ֨ם וְהַקִּיפ֑וּהָ וְנִקַּ֛ף וַיַּקִּ֖פוּ וַיַּקַּ֖ף והקיפו והקיפוה והקפתם ויקף ויקפו ונקף יִנְקֹֽפוּ׃ יַקִּ֥יפוּ ינקפו׃ יקיפו מַקִּיפִ֥ים מַקִּפִ֥ים מקיפים מקפים נִקְּפוּ־ נקפו־ תַקִּ֔פוּ תקפו hakKef hakKeif haq·qêp̄ haqqêp̄ hikKif hikKifah hikkiFu hikkiFuni hiq·qî·p̄āh hiq·qî·p̄ū hiq·qî·p̄ū·nî hiq·qîp̄ hiqqîp̄ hiqqîp̄āh hiqqîp̄ū hiqqîp̄ūnî makkiFim maq·qi·p̄îm maq·qî·p̄îm maqqip̄îm maqqîp̄îm nikkefu niq·qə·p̄ū- niqqəp̄ū- takKifu ṯaq·qi·p̄ū ṯaqqip̄ū vaiyakKaf vaiyakKifu vehakkiFuha vehikkafTem vehikkiFu venikKaf way·yaq·qap̄ way·yaq·qi·p̄ū wayyaqqap̄ wayyaqqip̄ū wə·haq·qî·p̄ū·hā wə·hiq·qap̄·tem wə·hiq·qî·p̄ū wə·niq·qap̄ wəhaqqîp̄ūhā wəhiqqap̄tem wəhiqqîp̄ū wəniqqap̄ yakKifu yaq·qî·p̄ū yaqqîp̄ū yin·qō·p̄ū yinKofu yinqōp̄ū
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