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The Command to Leave Horeb
…4This was after he had defeated Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and then at Edrei had defeated Og king of Bashan, who lived in Ashtaroth.5On the east sideof the Jordanin the landof Moab,Mosesbeganto explainthislaw,saying:6The LORD our God said to us at Horeb: “You have stayed at this mountain long enough.…

Treasury of Scripture

On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,

to declare

Deuteronomy 4:8
And what nationis there so great, that hath statutes and judgmentsso righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?

Deuteronomy 17:18,19
And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book out ofthat which is before the priests the Levites: …

Deuteronomy 31:9
And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests the sons of Levi, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and unto all the elders of Israel.

BegunDeclareEastExplainExpoundJordanLawMoabMosesSideTerritoryUndertookBegunDeclareEastExplainExpoundJordanLawMoabMosesSideTerritoryUndertook1.Moses' speech in the end of the fortieth year
6.briefly rehearsing the history of God's sending them from Horeb
14.of giving them officers
19.of sending the spies to search the land
34.of his anger for their incredulity
41.and disobedience

On the east side of the Jordan
This phrase situates the events geographically. The east side of the Jordan River is significant as it represents the final staging area before the Israelites enter the Promised Land. This location is in the region historically known as Transjordan. The Jordan River itself is a critical boundary in biblical history, symbolizing a transition from the wilderness wanderings to the fulfillment of God's promise. This area is also where significant events, such as the crossing of the Jordan and the conquest of Jericho, will soon take place (Joshua 3-6).

in the land of Moab
Moab is a region east of the Dead Sea, named after the descendants of Moab, the son of Lot (Genesis 19:37). The Moabites had a complex relationship with Israel, sometimes hostile and sometimes neutral. The land of Moab is where Moses delivers his final speeches, as recorded in Deuteronomy. This location is significant because it is outside the Promised Land, highlighting that Moses will not enter Canaan due to his disobedience at Meribah (Numbers 20:12). Moab also serves as a backdrop for the story of Ruth, a Moabite woman who becomes an ancestor of King David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ (Ruth 1:4,Matthew 1:5).

Moses began to explain this law
Moses, as the leader and prophet of Israel, is reiterating and expounding upon the law given at Sinai. This act of explanation is crucial for the new generation of Israelites who were not present at Sinai. The Hebrew word for "explain" can also mean "to make clear" or "to expound," indicating Moses' role in ensuring the people understand God's commandments. This is a moment of covenant renewal, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's law as they prepare to enter the Promised Land. The law serves as a guide for living in a way that pleases God and maintains the covenant relationship.

saying:
This introduces the direct speech of Moses, which will continue throughout the book of Deuteronomy. The speeches of Moses in Deuteronomy are structured as a series of sermons or discourses. They serve as a theological and moral foundation for the Israelites, reinforcing the covenant and preparing them for life in Canaan. Moses' words are not only historical but also prophetic, as they foreshadow the blessings and curses that will come upon Israel based on their obedience or disobedience (Deuteronomy 28). Moses, as a type of Christ, acts as a mediator between God and the people, pointing forward to Jesus, who will fulfill the law and establish a new covenant (Hebrews 3:1-6).

1.Moses
The central figure in this passage, Moses is the leader of the Israelites and the one through whom God delivers the law. He is preparing to reiterate and explain God's commandments to the people.

2.The Jordan River
A significant geographical landmark, the Jordan River represents the boundary between the wilderness where the Israelites have wandered and the Promised Land they are about to enter.

3.The Land of Moab
This is the location where Moses addresses the Israelites. Moab is east of the Jordan River, and it is here that Moses delivers his final speeches before the Israelites cross into Canaan.

4.The Law
Refers to the commandments and instructions given by God to the Israelites, which Moses is tasked with explaining. The Hebrew word for "law" is "Torah," which encompasses teaching, instruction, and guidance.

5.The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who have been led out of Egypt and are on the brink of entering the Promised Land. They are the recipients of the law and the audience of Moses' address.The Importance of Contextual Understanding
Moses' explanation of the law highlights the need for understanding God's commandments within the context of His covenant relationship with His people.

Leadership and Legacy
Moses' role in explaining the law underscores the responsibility of leaders to faithfully communicate God's truth and prepare others for future challenges.

Preparation for Transition
Just as Moses prepared the Israelites for entering the Promised Land, believers are called to prepare their hearts and lives for the transitions God leads them through.

The Role of Remembrance
Revisiting God's law serves as a reminder of His faithfulness and the need for obedience, encouraging believers to remember and apply God's Word in their lives.

The Significance of Place
The location east of the Jordan symbolizes a place of preparation and anticipation, reminding believers of the importance of spiritual readiness before entering new phases of life.Top 10 Lessons from Deuteronomy 1

Where did Moses view the Promised Land before dying?

What lies east of the Jordan River?

Deuteronomy 5:2–3 says the covenant was made with the present generation, yet other passages imply it was made with their ancestors; how do we reconcile this?

How can Moses realistically be 120 years old (Deut. 31:2) when modern biology deems such an age implausible?(5)On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab.--This would beon the other side of Jordanfrom the stand-point of the writer, or of the readers for whom the book was intended, which is Palestine.

Began Moses.--"Began," i.e., "determined" or "assayed."

To declare.--The emphatic reiteration of what had been already received from God and delivered to Israel may be intended. But the Hebrew word here employed occurs in two other places only, and in both is connected withwriting.(SeeDeuteronomy 17:8, "thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this lawvery plainly" (baer heteb,in writing and in making good). Again, inHabakkuk 2:2, "write the vision, andmake it plainupon tables." The etymological affinities of the word also suggest the idea of writing. It would seem, then, that at this period Moses began to throw the discourses and laws that he had delivered into a permanent form, arranging and writing them with the same motive which influenced the Apostle Peter (2Peter 1:15), "Moreover, I will endeavour that ye may be able after my decease to have these things always in remembrance."

In this discourse the history of Israel, from the time of their departure from Sinai, is briefly recapitulated (Deuteronomy 3:29), and with a short practical exhortation. This portion of history comprises three periods of the exodus: (1)The march from Sinai to Kadesh-barnea,with the sending of the twelve spies and its results, related more at length inNumbers 10:11--end of Deuteronomy 14. The characteristic feature of this period isfailureon the part of both leaders and people to rise to their high calling. Moses (Numbers 11), Aaron and Miriam (Num. xii), Joshua (Numbers 11:28), the spies, who were also rulers (Deuteronomy 13, 14), and the people throughout, all in turn exhibit the defects of their character. In the end the enterprise is abandoned for the time. (2)The thirty seven and a half years that followare a period of disgrace, as appears by the absence of all note of time or place in the direct narrative between Numbers 14 and Numbers 20. Certain places are mentioned in Numbers 33 which must belong to this period, but nothing is recorded of them beyond the names. A single verse (Deuteronomy 2:1), is all that is assignable to that period in this discourse of Moses. This long wandering was also aperiod of training and discipline.(3)The fortieth year of the exodus,in which the conquest of Sihon and Og was effected, and Israel reached the banks of Jordan. The sentence of death pronounced against their elder generation having been executed, a new life was now begun. . . .

Verse 5. - The locality is again describedas beyond Jordan (see on ver. 1),and in the land of Moab. This designates the region elsewhere calledArboth Moab - the Plains of Moab (Numbers 22:1;Deuteronomy 34:1, etc.), the region on the east of the Jordan, opposite to Jericho, now known as the region of Kerak (Burckhardt, 'Syria,' p. 377, etc.; Robinson, 'Bib. Res.," 2:569).Began; ratherset himself to. The Hebrew word signifies to undertake, to betake one's self to, and so to begin It is variously rendered in the Authorized Version (comp.Genesis 18:27, "taken it upon me;"Exodus 2:21, "was content," had made up his mind;1 Samuel 12:22, "it pleased;" 17:39,"assayed," etc.).To declare,i.e. make clear, explain, expound (Habakkuk 2:2, "make plain "). The Hebrew word here used (בָאַר) signifies primarily to cut or dig, then to cut into, to grave, and then to cut or dig out so as to make evident, to declare, to make plain. What Moses set himself to do, then, was not to publish a new law, but to make plain to the people the Law already promulgated, to set forth clearly and pointedly what they were required by the Law to be and to do. This explains more fully the "spake" (דִבֶּר) of ver. 3. This exposition of the Law was designed specially for the sake of those who, at the time the Law was first promulgated, either were not born or were incapable of understanding it (Grotius). The expression used by Moses plainly indicates that this book was not intended to furnish a second code of laws different from the former, but simply to explain and enforce what had before been enjoined.

Parallel Commentaries ...


On the east side
בְּעֵ֥בֶר(bə·‘ê·ḇer)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5676:A region across, on the opposite side

of the Jordan
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן(hay·yar·dên)
Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 3383:Jordan -- the principal river of Palestine

in the land
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ(bə·’e·reṣ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 776:Earth, land

of Moab,
מוֹאָ֑ב(mō·w·’āḇ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4124:Moab -- a son of Lot,also his descendants and the territory where they settled

Moses
מֹשֶׁ֔ה(mō·šeh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 4872:Moses -- a great Israelite leader, prophet and lawgiver

began
הוֹאִ֣יל(hō·w·’îl)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2974:To show willingness, be pleased, determine, undertake (to do anything)

to explain
בֵּאֵ֛ר(bê·’êr)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 874:To dig, to engrave, to explain

this
הַזֹּ֖את(haz·zōṯ)
Article | Pronoun - feminine singular
Strong's 2063:Hereby in it, likewise, the one other, same, she, so much, such deed, that,

law,
הַתּוֹרָ֥ה(hat·tō·w·rāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8451:Direction, instruction, law

saying:
לֵאמֹֽר׃(lê·mōr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 559:To utter, say


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 1:5 Beyond the Jordan in the land (Deut. De Du)