Home * History

History of Computer Chess - about ancient programs, computer chess pioneers and chess programming history.

Early Theorists

• 

  Ernst Zermelo
  1871 - 1953

• 

  Norbert Wiener
  1894 - 1964

• 

  John von Neumann
  1903 - 1957

• 

  Konrad Zuse
  1910 - 1995

• 

  Alan Turing
  1912 - 1954

• 

  Claude Shannon
  1916 - 2001

Famous Historic Computers and Programs

Famous Matches

• Stanford-ITEP Match
• Levy versus Chess 1978
• Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996
• Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997

The Machine

Tournaments

• ACM North American Computer Chess Championship since 1970
• World Computer Chess Championship since 1974

People

Pioneers in Computer Chess andArtificial Intelligence:

• Georgy Adelson-Velsky
• Alex Bernstein
• Mikhail Botvinnik
• Alexander Brudno
• Edward Feigenbaum
• Edward Fredkin
• Jack Good
• Donald Knuth
• Alexander Kronrod
• John McCarthy
• Donald Michie
• Marvin Minsky
• Tihamér Nemes
• John von Neumann
• Allen Newell
• John Pasta
• Dietrich Prinz
• Arthur Samuel
• Claude Shannon
• Cliff Shaw
• Mikhail R. Shura-Bura
• Herbert Simon
• Christopher Strachey
• Leonardo Torres y Quevedo
• Alan Turing
• Stanislaw Ulam
• Norbert Wiener
• Ernst Zermelo
• Konrad Zuse

Chess Programming History

• History of Minimax
• History of Alpha-Beta
• History of Principal Variation Search
• History of Retrograde Analysis
• Bitboard History
• History of Null Move Pruning

Museums

related to Computer Chess History:

• The Computer History Museum
• Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum
• Russian Virtual Computer Museum

See also

• Mathematician

Publications

• David Heath,Derek Allum (1997).The Historical Development of Computer Chess and its Impact on Artificial Intelligence.Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop,pdf
• Alexander Reinefeld (2005).Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen.slides as pdf, Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an derHU Berlin, 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)
• Jill Cirasella,Danny Kopec (2006).The History of Computer Games.CUNY Academic Works
• Dag Spicer,Kirsten Tashev (2006).The Quest to build a Thinking Machine - A History of Computer Chess.Core 5.1 a publication ofThe Computer History Museum
• Jaap van den Herik (2018).From Shannon to Turing to DeepMind.CG 2018 Keynote Lecture, an elaboration of the keynote lecture as

Jaap van den Herik (2018).Computer chess: From idea to DeepMind.ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 3

• Jonathan Schaeffer (2020).Fifty years of computer chess.ICGA Journal, Vol. 42, Nos. 2-3
• Jonathan Schaeffer (2020).The 1970 United States computer chess championship: The start of the longest-running experiment in computer science history.ICGA Journal, Vol. 42, Nos. 2-3 »ACM 1970

Forum Posts

• What Chess programs existed in the '60s? by Pete Galati,CCC, April 13, 2000
• Computer Chess History, a lot of links inside byVincent Lejeune, January 04, 2013
• Checkmate: IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World Comp Chess byVincent Lejeune, July 30, 2013
• Old programs CHAOS and USC by Eugene Piercy,CCC, July 11, 2015

Re: Old programs CHAOS and USC byDann Corbit,CCC, July 11, 2015

• The mystery of Alex Bernstein bySergei S. Markoff,CCC, June 06, 2019 »Alex Bernstein
• Widely unknown pioneering chess "paper machine" by Gunter Sсhliebs bySergei S. Markoff,CCC, June 06, 2019

External Links

History of AI

• History of artificial intelligence from Wikipedia »Artificial Intelligence
• History of Artificial Intelligence fromStottler Henke, Inc.
• Short History of Computing, AI and Robotics by Philipp Schaumann
• The “Modern” History of Artificial Intelligence and Programs fromNeuroscience Of Intelligence
• Early History Artificial Intelligence and Games

History of Computer Chess

• Classic Computer Chess - ... The programs of yesteryear byCarey, hosted by theInternet Archive^[1]
• Computer chess chronology (1729-2011) in Wikipedia
• Core 5.1 Computer Chess (pdf) fromThe Computer History Museum
• Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI byL. Stephen Coles, October 30, 2002,Dr. Dobbs
• Chess Computers - The UK Story fromChess Computer UK byMike Watters
• Computer Chess History Pages,CSVN
• Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess (pdf) byMichael Brudno (May 2000)
• Les premiers automates,blitzchess.fr (French)
• Historic Pictures from the Rebel site ofEd Schröder
• History of Computer Chess fromThe Computer History Museum
• The History of Computer Chess - an AI Perspective, September 08, 2005,The Computer History Museum,YouTube Video no longer available^[2]

Murray Campbell,Edward Feigenbaum,David Levy,John McCarthy,Monty Newborn

• A Brief History of Computer Chess | The Best Schools byErik J. Larson
• "20 Halbzüge nach 30 Millionen Jahren" byStephan Oliver Platz,ChessBase Nachrichten, November 20, 2017 (German) incorporated in

TCEC: Superfinal Houdini vs Komodo byStephan Oliver Platz,ChessBase News, November 23, 2017 »TCEC Season 10

• The History of Computer Chess - Part 1 - The 'Mechanical' Turk bySimon Williams,Chess.com, May 31, 2019
• The History of Computer Chess - Part 2 - Turochamp bySimon Williams,Chess.com, July 15, 2019 »Turochamp
• The History of Computer Chess - Part 3 - Alex Bernstein bySimon Williams,Chess.com, August 31, 2019 »Alex Bernstein
• The History of Computer Chess - Part 4 - Alex Bernstein continued... bySimon Williams,Chess.com, September 28, 2019

Computer Chess - A Movie

• Compter Chess - A Movie byAndrew Bujalski,Sundance Film Festival, 2013^[3]
• Computer Chess (film) from Wikipedia
• Computer Chess | Facebook
• The United States Chess Federation - A New Lens on Computer Chess byDr. Alexey Root, August 14, 2011
• The United States Chess Federation - The Making of Computer Chess byDr. Alexey Root, July 17, 2013
• Computer Chess Official Trailer 1 (2013) - Comedy Movie HD,YouTube Video

• Checkmate: Members of IBM’s Deep Blue Team Discuss the World of Computer Chess, June 1, 2013 »Murray Campbell,Deep Blue

References

Up one level

• Film