Home * Hardware

Basics

• Combinatorial Logic
• Memory
• Sequential Logic
• Von Neumann Architecture

Special Purpose Hardware

Dedicated Chess Hardware

• Electro-Mechanical
• Analog Evaluation
• Integrated Circuits
• VLSI Design
• CHEOPS
• Berkeley Chess Microprocessor
• Dedicated Chess Computers

Programmable Logics

• PAL - Programmable array logic
• GAL - Generic array logic
• CPLD - Complex programmable Logic Device
• FPGA - Field-programmable gate array

Famous Chess Machines

• El Ajedrecista
• Belle
• HiTech
• ChipTest
• Deep Thought
• Deep Blue
• Hydra
• AlphaZero

General Purpose Hardware

Historic Computers

• Ferranti Mark 1
• MANIAC I
• IBM 704
• M-2
• JOHNNIAC

Mainframes

Amdahl

• Amdahl 470

Burroughs

• Burroughs B-5500

CDC

• CDC 1604
• CDC 6600
• CDC Cyber

Cray

• Cray-1
• Cray X-MP
• Cray T3D
• Cray T3E

Honeywell

• Honeywell 6000 (GE-600)

IBM

• IBM 7090
• IBM 360
• IBM 370

ICL ...

• ICL 4/70
• Lomonosov Supercomputer
• M-20

PDP

• PDP-6
• PDP-10

Siemens/Fujitsu

• Siemens-System 7.800

TR

• TR-4
• TR 440

UNIVAC

• UNIVAC 418
• UNIVAC 494
• UNIVAC 1100

Parallel

• Connection Machine
• nCUBE
• Paragon
• Transputer
• GPU
• M1 byApple

Minis & Workstations

• HP 2100
• HP 3000
• HP 9000
• Interdata M85
• Nova
• PDP-1
• PDP-8
• PDP-11
• SMS 201
• SPARCstation
• Sun-1 - Sun-4
• VAX

Single Board Computers

• Arduino
• KIM-1
• Raspberry Pi
• UDOO

Home Computers

Home- andPersonal Computers

• Acorn Computers Ltd

Acorn Atom

BBC Micro

Acorn Archimedes

• Amstrad CPC
• Apple computers

Apple II

Macintosh

• Atari 8-bit

Atari ST

• Commodore PET

Commodore VIC-20

Commodore 64

Commodore 128

Amiga

• IBM PC
• Sinclair ZX81

ZX Spectrum

• TRS-80

Mobile Computers

fromWikipedia

• Handheld electronic game
• Handheld game console
• Mobile device
• Personal digital assistant

Palm

• Mobile phone

µ-Processors & Controller

• PIC Microcontroller

4-bit

• HMCS4xC
• SAM

8-bit

• Fairchild F8
• H8
• 8080 byIntel
• 6800 byMotorola
• 6502 byMOS Technology
• Z80 byZilog

16-bit

• 8086 byIntel
• 80286 byIntel
• Z8000 byZilog
• TMS-99000 byTexas Instruments
• 6809 byMotorola

32-bit

• 68000 byMotorola (external 16 bit databus)
• 68020 byMotorola
• 68030 byMotorola
• ARM2 byAcorn Computers Ltd
• ARM6 byAdvanced RISC Machines Ltd
• ARM11 byAdvanced RISC Machines Ltd
• ARMv7
• PowerPC byApple,IBM andMotorola
• SPARC V7/V8 bySun Microsystems
• x86 byIntel andAMD

64-bit

• ARMv8
• Armv9
• DEC Alpha byDigital Equipment Corporation
• i860 byIntel
• Itanium byIntel
• MIPS64 byMIPS_Technologies
• PA-RISC 2.0 byHP
• POWER3 byIBM
• PowerPC 620 byApple,IBM andMotorola
• PowerPC G5 byIBM
• SPARC V9 bySun Microsystems
• x86-64 or x64 byAMD andIntel

Misc

• Sensory Board

Publications

1960 ...

• Martin H. Weik (1961).A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Report No. 1115

1970 ...

• Gordon Bell,Allen Newell (1971).Computer Structures: Readings and Examples. McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0070043572,amazon
• Ozalp Babaoglu (1977).Hardware implementation of the legal move generation and relative ordering functions for the game of chess. Master's thesis,University of California, Berkeley
• John Moussouris,Jack Holloway,Richard Greenblatt (1979).CHEOPS: A Chess-orientated Processing System.Machine Intelligence 9 (Jean Hayes Michie,Donald Michie and L.I. Mikulich editors) Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1979, pp. 351-360. Reprinted (1988) inComputer Chess Compendium »CHEOPS

1980 ...

• Joe Condon,Ken Thompson (1982).Belle Chess Hardware.Advances in Computer Chess 3, Reprinted (1988) inComputer Chess Compendium »Belle
• Carl Ebeling,Andrew James Palay (1984).The Design and Implementation of a VLSI Chess Move Generator. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture.IEEE andACM.
• Carl Ebeling (1986).All the Right Moves: A VLSI Architecture for Chess. Ph.D. thesis,Carnegie Mellon University,MIT Press^[1] »HiTech
• Feng-hsiung Hsu (1986).Two designs of functional units for VLSI based chess machines.Carnegie Mellon University, Computer Science Department. Paper 1566.
• Feng-hsiung Hsu (1987).A Two-Million Moves/Sec CMOS Single-Chip Chess Move Generator.IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 22, No. 5

1990 ...

• James Testa,Alvin M. Despain (1990).A CMOS VLSI chess microprocessor'.University of California, Berkeley,Custom Integrated Circuit Conference
• Feng-hsiung Hsu,Murray Campbell,Joe Hoane (1995).Deep Blue System Overview. International Conference on Supercomputing »Deep Blue
• Yi-Fan Ke (1996).A parallel hardware architecture for accelerating computer chess system-平行電腦象棋系統架構之設計及研究. Ph.D. thesis,National Taiwan University
• Yi-Fan Ke,Tai-Ming Parng (1996).A Parallel Hardware Architecture for Accelerating α-β Game Tree.IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, September, 1996, pp. 1232-1240
• Feng-hsiung Hsu (1999).IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips.IEEE Micro, Vol. 19, No. 2,pdf

2000 ...

• Marc Boulé (2002).An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess. Masters thesis,McGill University, (Supervisor:Zeljko Zilic, Co-Supervisor:Monty Newborn),pdf
• Marc Boulé,Zeljko Zilic (2002).An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess.ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 2,pdf
• Chrilly Donninger,Ulf Lorenz (2004).The Chess Monster Hydra inField Programmable Logic and Application, 14th International Conference, FPL 2004, Leuven, Belgium, August 30-September 1, 2004. Proceedings, pp 927-932. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-22989-6,pdf
• Samuel T. King,Joseph Tucek,Anthony Cozzie,Chris Grier,Weihang Jiang,Yuanyuan Zhou (2008).Designing and Implementing Malicious Hardware.LEET 2008,pdf

Forum Posts

2000 ...

• Computer chess and processor speed in 20 years from now... by Chris,CCC, February 26, 2003
• A question about the best hardware for chess today byUri Blass,CCC, July 30, 2009

2010 ...

• hardware advances - a different perspective byRobert Hyatt,CCC, September 09, 2010
• old crafty vs new crafty on new hardware byRobert Hyatt,CCC, September 11, 2010 »Knowledge,Crafty
• Final results - Crafty - hardware vs software byRobert Hyatt,CCC, September 13, 2010 »Software,Crafty
• hardware doubling number for Crafty byRobert Hyatt,CCC, September 15, 2010 »Crafty
• Good question: What % improvement is hardware vs. software? by Jonathan Lee,CCC, January 17, 2014
• Moore's Law byMark Lefler,CCC, March 16, 2016^[2][3]
• The Gigatron project byHarm Geert Muller,CCC, December 06, 2017 »Gigatron

2020 ...

• The Next Big Thing in Computer Chess? bySrdja Matovic,CCC, April 12, 2023 >>Artificial Intelligence,Programming,Chess

External Links

• Hardware (disambiguation) from Wikipedia
• Personal computer hardware from Wikipedia
• History of computing hardware from Wikipedia
• Minicomputer "Museum" byCarl Friend
• The Rhode Island Computer Museum
• The Personal Computer Museum, Brantford, Ontario, Canada - Computers
• Computer 50 - The University of Manchester Celebrates the Birth of the Modern Computer
• Moore's law from Wikipedia
• After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly |The Economist, March 12, 2016^[4]
• Gigatro TTL from Wikipedia^[5][6]

References

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