Greetings to you as we near the end of 1995. I wishfor each of you the very best for the Holiday Season. As we survey thestate of our science, I feel some optimism. The year of 1995 has been productivefrom our review of the literature on Ceratopogonidae, and notes from otherscientists. The Biting Fly Workshop and Livestock Insects meetings fromall reports continue to provide good opportunities for interaction amongthe group.
I regret to pass the news of the death of Dr. LarryG. Pappas on June 20, 1995. I first met Larry when he and Carol (accompaniedby their two daughters) attended the 1988 Biting Fly Workshop, sponsoredby Dr. Gary Mullen (Auburn University) at the Solon Dixon Forestry Preservenear Andalusia, Alabama. We all had a great time at the meeting (aftera sumptious meal of crayfish, seafoods and libations), Larry, Carol andthe girls were brave enough to take a tour of the Preserve in the GSU Vanchauffeured by yours truly. We found (yes, we stopped on the edge) a limestonesink which was some 50 meters across, and we all enjoyed a look at thislarge natural wonder. Larry Pappas was a distinguished ceratopogonid workerand had taught biology at Peru State College for 16 years (obituary enclosed).
I also regret to note the untimely death of Charles"Chuck" N. McKinnon. Charles was a bright scientist and had been employedat the USDA, ABADRL in Laramie, Wyoming for a number of years. Walter Tabachnickhas requested that any contributions be made to the Charles McKinnon MemorialFund (see note enclosed).
I have received research updates from a number ofscientists for this issue. Appreciate the excellent participation by allcontributors. I encourage each of you to continue your efforts to communicatevia the CIE.
Would those of you who have access to e-mail pleasesend me an e-mail of your address? As we continue to use the communicationpower of the Internet, we may be able to correspond more via e-mail. Alisting of your e-mail addresses given thus far is enclosed and will beupdated in a future issues of the CIE. Please let me know of your activitiesin your Ceratopogonid work for the next CIE issue due out in May.
Thanks and best regards,
Sincerely,
Daniel V. Hagan, Ph.D.
Summary of CIE Contents:
Announcements .........................................................2
Contributions from Cerat. Scientists ......................... 3
Obituary for Dr. Larry Pappas .................................. 5
Listing of publications of Dr. Larry Pappas .............. 6
Listing of publications of Dr. Robert Jones ...............7
Recent Literature on Ceratopogonidae .....................11
New Publications.....................................................15
For CIE Participants, please send me your e-mailaddress to dhagan@GaSoU.edu. As a service to you ,we pass on thislisting of addresses for individuals active in Ceratopogonidae work.
Jim Goodwin, Lane Foil, and Jimmy Wedincamp are hostingthe 1996 Biting Fly Workshop in Louisiana. They will be holding our traditionalportion of the workshop at Chico State Park in Central Louisiana, May 15-16,1996. Informal presentations will be conducted there Wednesday and Thursdaymorning and collecting trips will be in the afternoon.
Cabins will be available at this location by reservation.To reserve cabins at Chico State Park, please contact Jimmy Wedincamp,As Soon As Possible. Prices are as follows: Small 2 bedroom cabins with1 double bed in each room @ $45.00/night. Large 2 bedroom cabins with 1double bed and 2 single beds @ $60.00/night. There are also 2 day bedsin each large cabin.
A short drive away is Thistlewaite Wildlife ManagementArea, where Lane Foil has conducted much of his research on tabanids. Collectingtrips to this area will be arranged for Wed. and Thurs. afternoons (May15-16, 1996). If participants will bring a pair of their favorite traps,we can play some electric grid games regarding trap efficiency. You maycontact Lane Foil if you have specific studies in mind. Arrangements canbe made for those who would like to stay an additional day or so to conductexperiments or just have fun.
They also intend to host aFormal Symposium inNew Orleans May 13-14, 1996, on Host-seeking Behavior of Diurnally ActiveDipteran Pests of Livestock. Lecturers who have accepted invitationsto attend the symposium are Glyn Vale, John Hargrove, Steve Torr, JerryButler, Jim Sutcliffe, Gethin Thomas (tentative), and Martin Hall. Therewill be comprehensive 45 min to 1 hr. presentations on tsetse, tabanids,stable flies, black flies, horn flies, head flies, and screwworm. ThenGlyn Vale will summarize the meeting and give us some thoughts on areasfor future research. Having the symposium in New Orleans is about the onlyway we can get this group together and not have it interfere with the Workshop.They hope some or all of the lecturers will want to attend the traditionalWorkshop. If you intend to attend the talks in New Orleans, please contactJimmy as soon as possible. They will line up the meeting hotel after theyget an idea of the potential attendance.
For more info contact: Jimmy Wedincamp, Dept. ofEntomology, Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-1710 USA,Voice: 504-388-1634, FAX: 504-388-1643.
Charles N. McKinnon Memorial Fund
The colleagues and friends of Charles N. McKinnonhave begun a fund in Charles' memory. The purpose of this fund will beto endow an award at the University of Wyoming, the "Charles N. McKinnonAward in Entomology." This award will be given annually to an outstandingstudent in the field of entomology to be awarded by the Department of Plant,Soils, and Insect Sciences. The memorial funds will be deposited in the"Charles N. McKinnon Memorial Fund" account. The account will be appliedto purchase a book of entomology that will be presented to the outstandingstudent at an annual University Awards Banquet.
You are encouraged to contribute to establish thismemorial to our friend. Please send your contribution in the form of acheck made out to the "Charles N. McKinnon Memorial Fund" to:
Charles N. McKinnon Memorial Fund
c/o Char Johnson
First National Bank
2020 Grand Avenue
Laramie, Wyoming 82070
Please include the account number on your check.Acct. No. 23419.
Contribution from: John P.T. Boorman, 6, Beckingham Road, Guildford,Surrey GU2 6BN, U.K.
Although semi-retired, I continue to keep up withwork on Ceratopogonidae and am trying to reduce a backlog of work whichshould have been completed years ago. This includes finding and addinga couple of species to the British list (Alluaudomyia falcata andForcipomyiabrevicubitus), describing a new species ofCulicoides from Italy(which superficially closely resemblesC. oxystoma in wing markings,but differs in other major respects), and looking at ceratopogonids fromMalta for Dr. Gatt and Dr. Ebejer. I have also been trying to sort outthe British Ceratopogonidae, and have complied a series of notes with illustrationsof male genitalia of almost all the species. What would we do now withoutword processors and scanners?
This all keeps me busy, in between gardening andDIY projects. Does anyone out there collect insects on stamps? There arenone featuring biting midges, althoughSimulium is represented andalso several mosquitoes.
Contribution from: Art Borkent, 1171 Mallory Road, R1-S20-C43, Enderby,British Columbia, V0E 1V0, Canada
Announce publication: Borkent, A. 1995. Biting Midgesin the Cretaceous Amber of North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 237p., 27 b/w pls, f. piece. Hardbound. NLG. 106,00; info avail by internetatbackhuys@euronet.nl
Contribution from: William L. Grogan, Jr. Dept. of Biological Sciences,Salisbury State Univ., Salisbury MD 21801-6857
I continue to work diligently as coediting with WayneMathis theFestschrift for W.W. Wirth to be published in the Memoirsof Wash. Entomol. Soc. in 1996.
Contribution from: Larry Hribar, Florida Medical Entomology Lab., VeroBeach FL
I just received a reprint of a note that would beinteresting to include in the literature citation section of CIE.
Graham, T.B. 1994. Predation by dipteran larvae onfairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools. Southwestern Naturalist39(2): 206-207.
Contribution from: Doug Kettle, Dept. of Entomology, Univ. of Queensland,Queensland 4072, Australia
Pleased to note that the second edition of my textbookMedical and Veterinary Entomology should be out by October 1995. (See summary).
Contribution from: Brad Mullens, Department of Entomology, Universityof California, Riverside, CA 92521
Our research group has been growing recently. Theeffort now is focused almost entirely onCulicoides research, andI am absolutely delighted. The UCR crew now consists of myself, Staff ResearchAssociates Rob Velten, Corki Szijj and Katherine Luhring, graduate studentsAlec Gerry (Ph.D.) and Mark Breidenbaugh (M.S.) and laboratory assistantTeresa Chin.
We have several research projects ongoing, as follows:
1) A 4 year bluetongue epidemiology study (USDA-funded)was started last fall, with the aim of relating virus transmission to sentinelcalves to components of vector capacity ofC. variipennis sonorensis.We are following numbers, parity, assessing vector competence with wild-caughtnullipars (for now with a local strain of BTV10), and are carefully monitoringtemperatures. All parous flies are being processed to determine naturalinfection levels. We are grateful to colleagues at UC Davis (esp. Jim MacLachlan)and USDA-ABADRL (esp. Jim Mecham and Gregg Hunt) for laboratory supportin these studies.
Southern Calif. is a great place to do these baselinestudies due to the fact thatvariipennis essentially is the onlyCulicoides present in significant numbers in this dairy region (amazing,but true!), the dependability of virus transmission (older cows are mostlyseropositive), the ease of using large numbers of dairy calves for frequent,repeated bleeding (identified as individuals), and the substantial amountof background information we now have on the vector in this area. AlecGerry is working on the project for his Ph.D., with assistance from mostof the rest of us on various aspects. We saw no virus transmission duringthe summer, despite trap collections averaging over 5,000 females/trap/night(suction traps, 1000 ml CO2/min. and no light, 10 trap nights/week). Transmissionbegan in September and continues to the present; seropositivity now is15-20% of our sentinel calves.
2)Mark Breidenbaugh has been working to describethe immatures of desertCulicoides, some of which may be involvedin bluetongue transmission to desert bighorn sheep. The primary methodthus far has been to collect host-seeking (identifiable) females, feedthem on blood with a membrane feeder in the lab., collect eggs by decapitation,and rear the progeny of that female on either agar and nematodes (Pelodera,Panagrellus) or our usualvariipennis nutrient-rich water.He also has done some work using emergence traps and collecting substratefrom the field. He is using SEM to look at eggs and primarily is usinglight microscopy to look at the larvae and pupae. The egg morphology hasbeen especially interesting, with substantial variability among species.Larry Hribar, Art Borkent and Bill Grogan have been quite helpful withadvice. I doubt whether Bill G. will head with us to the desert in thesummer again, however, at least not until he forgets his brush with heatstroke!
3) Rob Velten has been focusing on morphologicalvariability within specific populations ofC. v. sonorensis andC. v. occidentalis over time, particularly those characters usedby Wirth and Jones in the original subspecies designation. The forms willhybridize both directions and produce viable offspring in the lab whichhave been maintained for several generations. SEM has been useful to examinethe egg morphology as well as to quantify numbers of spicules on the maleaedeagus, a good method (the only dependable character we have found todate) for separating occidentalis and sonorensis adults. We are in touchwith Walter Tabachnick and Bill Grogan periodically on this, and greatlyregret the passing of Charles McKinnon (ABADRL), who probably had seenmore variipennis adults from more areas than anyone else. Some of the hybridshave been sent to ABADRL, where they hopefully can be subjected to isozymeanalysis.
4) Katherine Luhring is studyingHeleidomermismagnapapula interactions with variipennis, which has turned out tobe quite fascinating. This also is a USDA-funded effort. The mermithidwill attack other larvalCulicoides, but so far has not developedcompletely in any exceptC. v. sonorensis andC. v. occidentalis.Mark Breidenbaugh also is involved in the host range studies. Katherinejust finished a study on salt and pollution tolerance, which we recentlysent to Environ. Entomol. Compared with the famous mosquito parasiteRomanomermis,Heleidomermis is pretty tolerant of salts and pollution (not toosurprising, considering the host habitat). C. v. occidentalis is quitesusceptible to parasitism in the laboratory, but field populations lackthe parasite due to the hypersaline conditions. Preparasites are the mostsensitive and ephemeral stage, while adult females are comparatively tough.Our published work (see J. Nematol.) shows preparasites die within a dayor two (at most) at room temperatures, but recent work shows their infectivitydrops much faster than that. Laboratory and field studies have shown thatit is mainly the first and second instars which are attacked. Older larvaeare spatially separated, to some extent, from the preparasites, take longerfor the nematodes to enter, and are more able to encapsulate the mermithids.Even so, parasitism of later stage larvae allows some parasites to carryover to the adult stage for dispersal. Past methods of gauging parasiteimpact (emergence of mermithids from L4 hosts) greatly underestimate theimpact of the mermithid; many hosts are killed as early instars by parasiteattack. Katherine also has been working on ways to improve production efficiency;the nematode can be produced easily in vivo in limited numbers (hundredsof females at a time), but we hope to do better.
We recently have found what appears to be a new iridescentvirus attacking variipennis larvae in dairy wastewater ponds. Rob Veltenhas shown the early stage larvae (especially L2) are killed at significantlevels, which is unusual for such a virus. While it is still early in ourinvestigations, it certainly appears that preparasites ofH. magnapapulaare vectoring the virus into the larvae. Laboratory infection without mermithidsis very inefficient, while infection in the presence of preparasites ishighly efficient.
This summer I visited St. Petersburg, Russia with7 participants in a "History of Biology" course. My university has an exchangeagreement with St. Petersburg St. Tech. University and we stayed on theircampus. I was able to see Dr. Valentina Glukhova on four of the five daysof our visit. On the evening of July 30, I had tea with Valentina and AndrePrzhiboro at Andre's apartment. Andre is completing his research on littoralbiology at the White Sea and needs assistance in getting some of his manuscriptssubmitted to western journals. Please contact me if you would like to helpAndre. On August 1, Dr. Glukhova spoke to our group about the history offield biology in the former Soviet Union and included accounts of her extensiveand sometimes dangerous travels to collect ceratopogonids. On the followingday she led a field trip to an extensive bog area outside of St. Petersburgwhere she demonstrated her technique for collecting ceratopogonid pupae.On August 3 I met with her briefly in St. Peter's Square to discuss ceratopogonidresearch.
It was my priviledge to meet Dr. Glukhova for thefirst time during my first visit to St. Petersburg in May of 1994. Also,I was able to see her again at the International Congress of Dipterologyin August of 1994 at Guelph, Ontario. My most recent meetings with herwere productive since we were able to discuss the specifics of a proposalfor a collaborative research project soon to be submitted to NSF. We wouldlike to study the subgenus Amossovia ofCulicoides worldwide, lookingat all developmental stages. The proposal, if funded, would allow Valentinato come to the U.S.(Nashville) for an extended period of time and alsoprovide purchase new equipment which would return with her St. Petersburg.Dr. Alan L. Dyce has been quite helpful with suggestions for our research,sources of specimens, etc. We would appreciate comments from "veteran"grant writers out there who have written grant proposals for similar projects.John Linley was instrumental in setting up this collaborative researchand we intend to follow through with it.
C. Steven Murphree, Ph.D.
Sent note of an abstract of paper entitled: Influencesof vector biology on transmission of arborviruses and outbreaks of disease:theCulicoides brevitarsis model. IN Press: Veterinary Microbiology1996.
Larry G. Pappas, Ph.D. (1946-1995)
Dr. Larry Pappas, Biology Professor at Peru StateCollege, in Peru, Nebraska died June 20, 1995 after being struck by a vehiclewhile riding his bicycle on a rural highway near Indian Cave State Park.
Larry was born November 16, 1946, in Chadron, Nebraskaand he grew up in the Scottsbluff, Nebraska area. He earned a Bachelorof Science degree at Hiram Scott College in Scottsbluff, Nebraska in 1969.He obtained his Masters degree in Zoology from the University of Wyomingin 1971, and his Ph.D. degree in Entomology from the University of Illinoisin 1975.
Before joining the Peru State faculty, Larry hadtaught or done research at the University of Illinois, VPI in Blacksburg,Virginia, and the College of Saint Teresa in Winona, Minnesota.
Dr. Pappas had taught Biology at Peru State for 16years. He was considered a topnotch professor who demanded excellence inhis students. Many believed Larry was one of the finest teachers at thecollege. Not only did he teach a full load of classes every semester, buthe also conducted an active research program involving undergraduate students.Some of Larry's students won national research competitions against graduatestudents at meetings of the Entomological Society of America and the AmericanMosquito Control Association. In addition, Dr. Pappas attracted more than$300,000 in research grants to the college.
Dr. Pappas lived in Auburn, Nebraska. He was divorcedand had two daughters: Ellen, a student at Florida State University, andEmily of Manhattan, Kansas.
Culicoides PUBLICATIONS OF DR. LARRY G. PAPPAS
1. Pappas, C.D. and L.G. Pappas. 1989. Culicoides elemae, a new speciesin theCulicoides guttipennis species group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 62:228- 233.
2. Pappas, C.D. and L.G. Pappas. 1989.Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)species in southeastern Nebraska. J. Amer. Mosq. Cont. Assoc.5: 42-44.
3. Pappas, C.D. and L.G. Pappas. 1990. Habitat pH characteristics oftree holeCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J. Amer. Mosq.Cont. Assoc. 6:99-100.
4. Kruger, E.L., L.G. Pappas, and C.D. Pappas. 1990. Habitat and temporalpartitioning in tree holeCulicoides. J. Amer. Mosq. Cont. Assoc.6:390-393.
5. Pappas, L.G., S. Moyer, and C.D. Pappas. 1991. Tree holeCulicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Central Plains of the United States.J. Amer. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. 7:624-627.
6. Lamberson, C., C.D. Pappas, and L.G. Pappas. 1992. Taxonomy of thetree holeCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Eastern NorthAmerica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 85:111-120.
1. Dicke, R.H., Lugthart, G.J., and Jones, R.H. Control of maggots inturkey dung with malathion. J. Econ. Entomol. 49:342-343. 1955.
2. Jones, R.H. TheCulicoides of Wisconsin. Ph.D. Thesis. Universityof Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 204 pages. 1955. (Thesis)
3. Jones, R.H. TheCulicoides of Wisconsin (Diptera, Heleidae).Summary Doctoral Dissertations. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin,16:93-94. 1956. (Abstract)
4. Jones, R.H. New species ofCulicoides from Wisconsin. Entomol.Soc. Wash. 58:25-33. 1956.
5. Jones, R.H. A report on the colonization ofCulicoides variipennis(Coquillett), the possible vector of bluetongue of sheep in the Southwest.Bull. Entomol.Soc.Amer. 2:22. 1956. (Abstract)
6. Wirth, W.W., and Jones, R.H. Three new North American species oftree-holeCulicoides (Diptera, Heleidae). Entomol.Soc.Wash. 58:161-168.1956.
7. Jones, R.H. The laboratory colonization ofCulicoides variipennis(Coq.). J. Econ. Entomol. 50:107-108. 1957.
8. Jones, R.H., Brundrett, H.M., and Radeleff, R.D. Ranch tests againstcattle grubs with the systemic insecticide Dow ET-57. Agricultural Chemicals12(7):45, 96. 1957.
9. Wirth, W.W., and Jones, R.H. The North American subspecies ofCulicoidesvariipennis (Diptera, Heleidae). U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull 1170,35 p. 1957.
10. Jones, R.H., and Wirth, W.W. New records, synonomy, and speciesof TexasCulicoides (Diptera, Heleidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.31:81-91. 1958.
11. Jones, R.H.Culicoides breeding in human sewage sites ofdwellings in Texas. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 19:164-167. 1959.
12. Jones, R.H. Mass-production methods for the colonization ofCulicoidesvariipennis sonorensis. J.Econ. Entomol. 53:731-735. 1960.
13. Jones, R.H. Some observations on biting flies attacking sheep. J.Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 21:113-115. 1961.
14. Jones R.H. Equipment for blood feeding and holding large numbersofCulicoides in experiments with sheep. J. Econ. Entomol. 54:816-818.1961.
15. Jones, R.H. Observations on the larval habitats of some North Americanspecies ofCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Entomol.Soc. Amer. 54:702-710. 1961.
16. Jones, R.H. Description of pupae of thirteen North American speciesofCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc.Amer.54:729-746. 1961.
17. Jones, R.H. Rearing records forCulicoides loughnani Edwards(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 55:721-722. 1962.
18. Harris, R.L., and Jones, R.H. Larvicide tests with colony-rearedCulicoides variipennis. J. Econ. Entomol. 55:575-576. 1962.
19. Jones, R.H. Mass-production methods in rearing Culicoides variipennis.Proc. Insect Rearing and Nutrition Conference, Excelsior Springs, Missouri.1963
20. Foster, N.M., Jones, R.H., and McCrory, B.R. Preliminary investigationson insect transmission of bluetongue virus in sheep. Amer. J. Vet. Res.24:1195-1200 1963.
21. Jones, R.H. Mass production methods in rearingCulicoides variipennis.In "Symposium on culture procedures for arthropod vectors and their biologicalcontrol agents". Bull. W.H.O. 31:571-572. 1964.
22. Jones, R.H. Epidemiological notes: Incidence ofCulicoides variipennisin an outbreak of bluetongue disease. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc.25:217-218. 1965.
23. Jones, R.H. Some procedures and related equipment for disease-transmissionresearch withCulicoides. J.Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 26:179-184.1966.
24. Jones, R.H.Culicoides biting midges. Pages 115-125, in C.N.Smith, ed., Insect Colonization and Mass Production. Academic Press, NewYork. 1966.
25. Jones, R.H. and Foster, N.M. The transmission of bluetongue virusto embryonating chicken eggs byCulicoides variipennis (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) infected by intrathoracic inoculation. J.Amer. MosquitoControl Assoc. 26:185-189. 1966.
26. Bowne, J.G., and Jones, R.H. Observations on bluetongue virus inthe salivary glands of an insect vector,Culicoides variipennis.Virology 30:127-133. 1966.
27. Jochim, M.M., and Jones, R.H. Multiplication of bluetongue virusinCulicoides variipennis following artificial infection. Amer.J. Epidemiol. 84: 241-246. 1966.
28. Jones, R.H. Some irradiation studies and related biological dataforCulicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ann. Entomol.Soc. Amer. 60:836-846. 1967.
29. Jones, R.H. An overwintering population ofCulicoides inColorado. J. Med. Entomol. 4:461-463. 1967.
30. Jones, R.H. An improved larval medium for colonizedCulicoidesvariipennis(Diptera: Ceratopotonidae). Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 13:157,200. 1967.
31. Luedke, A.J., Jones, R.H., and Jochim, M.M. Transmission of bluetonguebetween sheep and cattle byCulicoides variipennis. Amer. J. Vet.Res. 28:457-460. 1967.
32. Foster, N.M., Jones, R. H., and Luedke, A.J. Transmission of attenuatedand virulent bluetongue virus withCulicoides variipennis infectedorally via sheep. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 29:275-279. 1968.
33. Jones, R.H., Potter, H.W., and Baker, S.K. An improved larval mediumfor colonizedCulicoides variipennis. J. Econ. Entomol. 62:1483-1486.1969.
34. Jones, R.H., and Luedke, A.J. Epidemiological notes: Two bluetongueepizootics. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 29:461-464. 1969.
35. Luedke, A.J., Jochim, M.M., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue in cattle:Viremia. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 30:511-516. 1969.
36. Luedke, A.J., Jochim, M.M., Bowne, J.G., and Jones, R.H. Observationson latent bluetongue virus infection in cattle. J. Amer. Vet Med. Assoc.156:1871-1879. 1970.
37. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M. Transovarian transmission of bluetonguevirus unlikely forCulicoides variipennis. J. Amer. Mosquito ControlAssoc. 31:434-437. 1971.
38. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M. The effect of repeated blood mealsinfective for bluetongue on the infection rate ofCulicoides variipennis.J. Med. Entomol. 8:499-501. 1971.
39. Jones, R.H. Laboratory studies on transmission of virus diseasesbyCulicoides variipennis. Abstracts 14th International CongressEntomology, Canberra, Australia, 1972: 277. 1972.
40. Jones, R.H., and Potter, H.W. A six-position artificial feedingapparatus forCulicoides variipennis. J. Amer. Mosquito ControlAssoc. 32:520-527. 1972.
41. Jones, R.H., Potter, H.W., and Rhodes, H.A. Ceratopogonidae attackinghorses in South Texas during the 1971 VEE epidemic. J. Amer. Mosquito ControlAssoc. 32: 507-509. 1972.
42. Luedke, A.J., and Jones, R.H. Storage of bluetongue virus-infectedCulicoides variipennis. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 33: 1875-1878. 1972.
43.Jones, R.H. Selection of genetic variants from Culicoidespopulations with reference to vector competence. Pages 1, 30, "Factorsaffecting the competence of Diptera as vectors of arboviruses and filariae:,U.S. - Japan Program Workshop, Berkeley, CA. 1973.
44. Poster, N.M., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue virus transmission withCulicoides varipennis via embryonating chicken eggs. J. Med. Entomol.10: 529-532. 1973.
45. Foster, N.M., Breckon, R.D., Luedke, A.J., Jones, R.H., and Metcalf,H.E. Biological transmission of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus indeer byCulicoides variipennis. Conf. Res. Workers Anim. Dis. 1973.
46. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M. Oral infection ofCulicoides variipenniswith bluetongue virus: Development of susceptible and resistant lines froma colony population. J. Med. Entomol. 11:316-323. 1974.
47.Luedke, A.J., Walton, T.E., and Jones, R.H. Detection of bluetonguevirus in bovine semen. In "20th World Vet. Congr." Thessaloniki, Greece,1975. 1975:909-910.
48. Hayes, R.O., Francy, D.B., Lazuick, J.S., Smith, G.C., and Jones,R.H. Arbovirus surveillance in six states during 1972. Amer. J. Trop. Med.Hyg. 25:463-476. 1976.
49. Luedke, A.J. Jones, R.H., and Jochim, M.M. Serial cyclic transmissionof bluetongue virus in sheep andCulicoides variipennis. CornellVet. 66:536-550. 1976.
50. Jones, R.H.Culicoides variipennis, a model for vector competencestudies. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 37:284-285. 1977.
51. Jones, R.H. and Akey, D.R. Biting flies attacking Holstein cattlein bluetongue enzootic area in Colorado, 1976. J. Amer. Mosquito ControlAssoc. 37:372-375. 1977.
52. Jones, R.H., Hayes, R.O., Potter, H.W., and Francy, D.B. A surveyof biting files attacking equines in three states of the southwestern UnitedStates, 1972. J. Med Entomol. 14: 441-447. 1977.
53. Jones, R. H., Roughton, R.D., Foster, N.M., and Bando, B.M.Culicoides,the vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in Kentuckyin 1971. J. Wildl. Dis. 13:2-8. 1977.
54. Foster, N.M., Breckon, R.D., Luedke, A.J., and Jones, R.H. Transmissionof two strains of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in deer byCulicoidesvariipennis. J. Wildl. Dis. 13:9-16. l977.
55. Foster, N.M., Metcalf, H.E., Barber, T.L., Jones, R.H., and Luedke,A.J. Concurrent isolation of bluetongue and EHD viruses from a naturallyinfected dairy heifer and the insect vector. Conf. Res. Workers Anim. Dis.1977:14. 1977.
56. Bando, R.M., and Jones, R.H. A microsassay system to isolate bluetongueand epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses from the biting gnat,Culicoidesvaripennis. American Assoc. Vet. Diagnosticians; January 15-22, 1977;Guanajuato, Mexico. 1: 361-370. 1977.
57. Bando, B.M., and Jones, R.H. Microassay of bluetongue virus fromCulicoides variipennis. pp. 667-673 in R.T. Acton and J.D. Lynn,eds., Cell Culture and Its Applications. Academic Press, New York, 1977.
58. Luedke, A.J., Walton, T.E., and Jones, R.H. Detection of bluetonguevirus in bovine semen. Proc. 20th World Veterinary Congress, Thessaloniki,Greece, 1975. 1975(3):2039-2042. 1977.
59. Luedke, A.J., Jones, R.H., and Walton, T.E. Overwintering mechanismfor bluetongue virus: Biological recovery of latent virus from a bovineby bites ofCulicoides variipennis. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26:313-325.1977.
60. Luedke, A.J., Jochim, M.M., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue in cattle:Effects ofCulicoides variipennis-transmitted bluetongue virus onpregnant heifers and their calves. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 38:1687-1695. 1977.
61. Luedke, A.J., Jochim, M.M. and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue in cattle:Effects of vector-transmitted bluetongue virus on calves previously infectin utero. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 38:1697-1700. 1977.
62. Luedke, A.J., Jochim, M.M., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue in cattle:Repeated exposure of two immunologically tolerant calves to bluetonguevirus by vector bites. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 38:1701-1704. 1977.
63. Jones, R.H.Culicoides andLeptoconops. Pages 31-35,R. Bram, ed., In "Surveillance and Collection of Arthropods of VeterinaryImportance". USDA Handbook 518. 1978.
64. Jones, R.H. Control ofCulicoides variipennis on farms andranches--water management. Proc. West Central Mosquito Vector Control Assoc.,1977. 3:17-28. 1978.
65. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M. Relevance of laboratory colonies ofthe vector in arbovirus research--Culicoides variipennis and bluetongue.Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 27:168-177. 1978.
66. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M. Heterogeneity ofCulicoides variipennisfield populations to oral infection with bluetongue virus. Amer. J. Trop.Med. Hyg. 27:178-183. 1978.
67. Jones, R.H., Walton, T.E., and Foster, N.M.Culicoides variipennisas a model for research with filarial worms. In "Fourth International Congressof Parasitology", Warsaw, Poland. (G): 18. 1978.
68. Jones, R.H., and Wirth, W.W. A new species of WesternCulicoidesof the Stonei group (Diptera: Cereratopogonidae). Entomol. News. 89:56-58.1978.
69. Akey, D.H., Potter, H.W., and Jones, R.H. Effects of rearing temperatureand larval density on longevity, size, and fecundity in the biting gnat,Culicoides variipennis. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 71:411-418. 1978.
70. Collins, R.C., and Jones, R.H. Laboratory transmission ofOnchocercacervicallis withCulicoides variipennis. Amer. J. Trop. Med.Hyg. 27:46-50. 1978.
71. Luedke, A.J., Jochim, M.M., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue in cattle:Effects of vector transmitted bluetongue virus on calves previously infectedin utero. Immun. Abs. 1978.
72. Jones, R.H. Luedke, A.J., Foster, N.M., and Metcalf, H.E. Reviewof an epizootiological study of a severe outbreak of bluetongue virus (BTV)in sheep near Bruneau, Idaho. Conf. Res. Workers Anim. Dis. 1979.
73. Foster, N.M., and Jones, R.H. Multiplication rate of bluetonguevirus in the insect vectorCulicoides variipennis infected orally.J. Med. Entomol. 15:302-303. 1979.
74. Foster, N.M., and Jones, R.H. Effect of normal and supranormal concentrationsof bluetongue virus on the infection rate of the vectorCulicoides variipennis.Ann. Mtg. Amer. Soc. Microbiol. 1979:286. 1979.
75. Lillie, T.H., Jones, R.H., Marquardt, W.C., and Simpson, R.G. Alightweight, portable, and inexpensive baffle trap for collectingCulicoidesvariipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc.39:675-677. 1979.
76. Luedke, A.J., Metcalf, H.E., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue, a painin the neck. International Limousin J. 106-107. July, 1979.
77. Jones, R.H. and Collins, R.C.Culicoides variipennis andOnchocerca cervicallis as a model for human onchocerciasis. Ann.Parasitol. 54: 249-250, 1979.
78. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M.Culicoides variipennis: Thresholdto infection for bluetongue virus. Ann. Parasitol. 54:250, 1979.
79. Jones, R.H., and Schmidtmann, E.T. Colonization ofCulicoidesvariipennis variipennis from New York. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc.40:191-193. 1980.
80. Barnard, D.R., and Jones, R.H. Diel and seasonal patterns of flightactivity of Ceratopogonidae in northeastern Colorado:Culicoides.Environ. Entomol. 9:446-451. 1980.
81. Barnard, D.R., and Jones, R.H.Culicoides variipennis: Seasonalabundance, overwintering, and voltinism in northeastern Colorado. Environ.Entomol. 9:709-712. 1980.
82. Foster, N.M., Metcalf, H.E., Barber, T.L., Jones, R.H., and Luedke,A.J. Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus isolations fromvertebrate and invertebrate hosts at a common geographic site. J. Amer.Vet. Med. Assoc. 176: 126-129. 1980.
83. Jones, R.H. and Collins, R.C.Culicoides variipenis andOnchocercacervicallis as a model for human onchocercaisis. Pages 1012-1013, inW. Slusarki, ed., Review of Advances in Parasitology. Polish ScientificPubl., Warsaw, Poland. Ceratopogonidae Roundtable in, Proc. 4th InternationalCongress Parasitol., Warsaw, Poland. 1981.
84. Foster, N.M. and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue virus infection in salivaryglands ofCulicoides variipennis. Proc. Annu. Mtg. Elec. Micros.Soc. Amer. 39:394-395. 1981.
85. Foster, N.M., and Jones, R.H. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virusinfection in salivary glands ofCulicoides variipennis. Proc. Annu.Mtg. Elec. Micros. Soc. Amer. 39:396-397. 1981.
86. Foster, N.M., Jones, R.H., and Walton, T.E.Culicoides variipennisinfection and transmission rates for virulent bluetongue virus. Proc. Annu.Mtg. Amer. Soc. Microbiol. 1981:250. 1981.
87. Lillie, T.H., Jones, R.H., and Marquardt, W.C. Micronized fluorescentdusts for markingCulicoides variipennis adults. J. Amer. MosquitoControl Assoc. 41:356-358. 1981.
88. Lillie, T.H., Marquardt, W.C., and Jones, R.H. The flight rangeofCulicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Canad. Entomol.113: 419-426. 1981.
89. Jones, R.H. Biting flies collected from recumbent bluetongue-infectedsheep in Idaho. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 41:183. 1981.
90. Jones, R.H. and Foster, N.M. Vector competence of Culicoidesvariipennis with bluetongue virus. Proc. West Central Mosquito ControlAssoc. 6:46. 1981.
91. Jones, R.H., Luedke, A.J., Walton, T.E., and Metcalf, H.E. Bluetonguein the United States: An entomological perspective toward control. WorldAnimal Review (FAO) 38:2-8. 1981.
92. Jones, R.H., and Foster, N.M. Outbreaks of bluetongue are relatedto the normal suppression of vector capacity by the environment. Proc.WestCentral Mosquito & Vector Control Assoc. 7: 14. 1982.
93. Jones, R.H., Schmidtmann, E.T., and Foster, N.M. Vector-competencestudies for bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses withCulicoidesvenustus (Ceratopogonidae). J. Amer Mosquito Control Assoc. 43:184-185.1983.
94. Akey, D.H., Jones, R.H., and Walton, T.E. Systems analysis and automateddata processing in insect rearing. A system for the biting gnatCulicoidesvariipennis and for mosquitoes. Pages 269-291 King, E.G.; Leppla, N.C.Advances and challenges in insect rearing. Washington, D.C.: USDA, ARSPublication; 269-291. 1984.
95. Barber, T.L., and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue virus, serotype 2: Vectortransmission and pathogenicity for sheep. Proc. U. S. Anim. Health Assoc.88:545-555. 1984.
96. Kramer, W.L., Jones, R.H., Holbrook, F.R., and Walton, T.E. Entomologicalinvestigations of a vesicular stomatitis virus epizootic in Colorado in1982. Annu. Mtg. Amer. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1984:286. 1984.
97. Kramer, W.L., Jones, R.H., Holbrook, F.R., and Walton, T.E. Entomologicalinvestigations of a vesicular stomatitis virus epizootic in Colorado. Proceedingsof the International Conference on Vesicular Stomatitis; Mexico City, 193-199.1984.
98. Luedke, A.J. and Jones, R.H. Bluetongue: Diagnosis and significancein the bovine animal. Bovine Practitioner 19:79-86. 1984.
99. Walton, T.E., Barber, T.L., Jones, R.H., and Luedke, A.J. Epizootiologyof bluetongue virus: Transmission cycle, vector, and serotypic distributionin the Americas. Prev. Vet. Med 2:379-388. 1984.
100. Walton, T.E., Webb, P.A., Kramer, W.L., Smith, G.E., Davis, T.,Holbrook, F., Moore, C., Shieffer, T., Jones, R.H., Jacobs, W.L., and Janney,G. Epidemiologic, entomologic and virologic investigations during an outbreakof vesicular stomatitis (New Jersey) in Colorado, 1982. Prologue and EpidemiologicStudies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Vesicular Stomatitis;Mexico City; 180-192. 1984.
101. Akey, D.H., Luedke, A.J., and Jones, R.H. Salivary gland homogenatesfrom the vectorCulicoides variipennis may aid in detection of bluetonguevirus in chronically infected cattle. 178: 135-145. 1985.
102. Chandler, L.J., Ballinger, M.E., Jones, R.H., and Beaty, B.J. Thevirogenesis of bluetongue virus inCulicoides variipennis. BarberT.L.; Jochim, M.M. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Bluetongueand Related Orbiviruses. New York: Alan R. Liss; 178: 245-253. 1985.
103. Jones, R.H. Methodology in preserving field-collected flies forbluetongue virus assay. Barber T.L.; Jochim, M.M. Progress in Clinicaland Biological Research. Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses. New York:Alan R. Liss; 178: 233-234. 1985.
104. Mullen, G.R., Jones, R.H., Braverman, Y., and Nusbaum, K.E. Laboratoryinfections ofCulicoides debilipalpis andC. stellifer (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) with bluetongue virus. Proc. Internat'l Symp., BarberT.L.; Jochim, M.M. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Bluetongueand Related Orbiviruses. New York: Alan R. Liss; 178: 239-243. 1985.
105. Jones, R.H. Vector research with the orbiviruses. Barber T.L.;Jochim M.M. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Bluetongue andRelated Orbiviruses. New York: Alan R. Liss; 178: 147-149. 1985.
106. Holbrook, F.R. (Coordinator), Barber, T.L., Erasmus, R.J., Greiner,E.C., Jones, R.H., Kline, D.L., Kramer, W.L., Loomis, E.C., McConnell,S., Osburn, B.I., Standfast, H.A., Stott, T.L., Strating A., and Turner,J.C. WHO/FAO Working Team Report: Integrated disease management. BarberT. L.; Jochim M.M. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Bluetongueand Related Orbiviruses. New York: Alan R. Liss; 178: 705-711. 1985.
107. Jones, R.H. (Coordinator), Akey, D.H., Barnard, D.R., Beaty, B.J.,Boorman, J.P.T., Dyce, A.L., Greiner, E.C., Kline, D.L., Kramer, W.L.,Loomis, E.C., Mullens, B.A., Murray, M.D., Nevill, E.M., Standfast, H.A.,Turner, J.C., and Wirth, W.W. WHO/FAO Working Team Report: Entomology.Barber T.L.; Jochim, M.M. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research.Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses. New York: Alan R. Liss; 178: 661-664.1985.
108. Luedke, A.J., Metcalf, H.E., Jones, R.H., and Barber, T.L. Congenitallyacquired bluetongue in a heifer: A case report. Amer. Assoc. Vet. Lab.Diag.; 28: 451-462. 1985.
109. Walton, T.E., Webb, P.A., Kramer, W.L., Smith, G.C., Davis, T.,Holbrook, F.R., Moore, C.G., Schiefer, T.J., Jones, R.H., and Janney, G.C.Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Epidemiologic and entomologicstudies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 36: 166-176. 1987.
110. Ballinger, M.E., Jones, R.H., and Beaty, B.J. The comparative virogenesisof three serotypes of bluetongue virus inCulicoides variipennis(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology; 24: 61-65. 1987
111. Kramer, W.L., Jones, R.H., Holbrook, F.R., Walton, T.E., and Calisher,C.H. Isolation of arboviruses fromCulicoides midges during an epizooticof vesicular stomatitis New Jersey, 1982. J. Med. Entomol. 27: 487-493.1990.
(Generous thanks to Dr. Don Webb, Illinois Natural History Survey forproviding this Lit. Review for CIE.)
Abella, J.A.; Manuel, M.; Cariaso, B.; Kamiya, M. 1994. Abundance andprevalence ofCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on some Philippinechicken farms. Journal of Medical Entomology 31(1): 45-48.
Ahiska,S.; Karabatak, M. 1994. Benthic fauna of the Lake Seyfe (Kirsehir).Turkish Journal of Biology 18(1): 61-75.
Aussel, J.P.; Linley, J.R. 1994. Natural food and feeding behavior ofCulicoides furens larvae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal ofMedical Entomology 31(1): 99-104.
Barnard, B.J.H. 1993. Circulation of African horsesickness virus inzebra (Equus burchelli) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa,as measured by the prevalence of type specific antibodies. OnderstepoortJournal of Veterinary Research 60(2): 111-117.
Barnard, B.J.H.; Paweska, J.T. 1993. Prevalence of antibodies againstsome equine viruses in zebra (Zebra burchelli) in the Kruger NationalPark, 1991-1992. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 60(3): 175-179.
Bataille, K.J.; Baldassarre, G.A. 1993. Distribution and abundance ofaquatic macroinvertebrates following drought in three prairie pothole wetlands.Wetlands 13(4): 260-269.
Bellis, G.A.; Gibson, D.S.; Polkinghorne, I.G.; Johnson, S.J.; Flanagan,M. 1994. Infection ofCulicoides brevitarsis andC. wadai(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with four Australian serotypes of bluetonguevirus. Journal of Medical Entomology 31(3): 382-387.
Berg, S.; Jeppesen, E.; Sondergaard, M.; Mortensen, E. 1994. Environmentaleffects of introducing whitefish,Coregonus lavaretus in lake ring.Hydrobiologia 275-276(0): 71-79.
Bhatnagar, P.; Prasad, G.; Srivastava, R.N. 1994.Culicoides(Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) as vector of bluetongue virus. Annals of Biology(Ludhiana) 10(1): 179-180.
Bishop, A.L.; McKenzie, H.J. 1994. Overwintering ofCulicoidesspp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales.Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 33(2): 159-163.
Bishop, A.L.; McKenzie, H.J.; Spohr, L.J.; Barchia, I.M. 1994.Culicoidesbrevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in different farm habitats.Australian Journal of Zoology 42(3): 379-384.
Blackwell, A.; Mellor, P.S.; Mordue, W. 1994. Laboratory feeding ofCulicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) through naturaland artificial membranes. Journal of Medical Entomology 31(2): 302-305.
Blackwell, A.; Mordue, A.J.; Mordue, W. 1994. Identification of bloodmealsof the Scottish biting midge,Culicoides impunctatus, by indirectenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). Medical and Veterinary Entomology8(1): 20-24.
Borkent, A. and Craig, D.A. 1994. The structure and function of theabdominal eversible sacs of femaleBezzia varicolor (Coquillett)(Ceratopogonidae: Diptera). Canadian Entomologist 126(3): 533-541.
Braverman, Y.; Linley, J.R. 1993. Effect of light trap height on catchofCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Israel. Journal of MedicalEntomology 30(6): 1060-1063.
Braverman, Y.; Messaddeq, N.; Kremer, M. 1993. Abnormal features inspecimens of eightCulicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) fromthe eastern Mediterranean area. Israel Journal of Zoology 39(2): 157-166.
Campeau, S.; Murkin, H.R.; Titman, R.D. 1994. Relative importance ofalgae and emergent plant litter to freshwater marsh invertebrates. CanadianJournal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51(3): 681-692.
Charbonneau, C.S.; Drobney, R.D.; Rabeni, C.F. 1994. Effects ofBacillusthuringiensisvar. israelensis on nontarget benthic organismsin a lentic habitat and factors affecting the efficacy of the larvicide.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13(2): 267-279.
Clastrier, J. 1993. Contribution to the study of Ceratopogonidae fromSpain: description ofForcipomyia (Thyridomyia) blascoin. sp. (Diptera, Nematocera). 2 Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 10(2): 109-120.
Clastrier, J. 1993. Description of five new species ofStiloculicoidesWirth et Grogan originating from tropical Africa and from the French Departmentof Vaucluse (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 10(2):133-143.
Clastrier, J. 1993. Diptera Ceratopogonidae of New Caledonia: 10. GenusMonohelea. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle SerieA Zoologie 157(0): 157-164.
Clastrier, J. 1994.Stilobezzia sahariensis Kieffer, 1923 andStilobezzia aureola Clastrier, 1963 are two distinct species (Diptera,Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 99(1):68.
Clastrier, J.; Delecolle, J.C. 1993. Diptera Ceratopogonidae of NewCaledonia: 9. GenusForcipomyia, sub-generaLasiohelea andMicrohelea. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Seriea Zoologie 157(0): 131-156.
Clastrier, J.; Delecolle, J.C. 1994. Description ofForcipomyia(Phytohelea)musae sp. n. from French Guiana (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae).Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 16(2): 51-56.
Clastrier, J.; Grand, D.; LeGrand, J. 1994. Exceptional observationsin France ofForcipomyia (Pterobosca)paludis (Macfie),a parasite on the wings of dragonflies (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae and Odonata).Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 99(2): 127-130.
Cornet, M.; Brunhes, J. 1994. Revision of theCulicoides speciesof the Schultzei-group in the afrotropical region (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae).Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 99(2): 149-164.
De-Anda, J.H.; Salman, M.D.; Francy, D.B.; Mason, J. 1994. Entomologicsurvey in a cattle producing region; Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Veterinaria- Mexico 25(1): 41-44.
Felippe-Bauer, M.L.; Quintelas, A.R. 1994.Culicoides lobatoi,a new Brazilian biting midge of the Limai group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro 89(1): 25-27.
Frenzel, M.; Dettner, K. 1994. Quantification of Cantharidin in CanthariphilousCeratopogonidae (Diptera), Anthomyiidae (Diptera) and Cantharidin-producingOedemeridae (Coleoptera). Journal of Chemical Ecology 20(8): 1795-1812.
Fry, L.L.; Mulla, M.S.; Adams, C.W. 1994. Field introductions and establishmentof the tadpole shrimp,Triops longicaudatus (Notostraca: Triopsidae),a biological control agent of mosquitoes. Biological Control 4(2): 113-124.
Gibbs, E.P.J.; Greiner, E.C. 1994. The epidemiology of bluetongue. ComparativeImmunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 17(3-4): 207-220.
Greiner, E.C.; Mo, C.L.; Homan, E.J.; Gonzalez, J.; Oviedo, M.T.; Thompson,L.H.; Gibbs, E.P.J.; Reg-Bluetongue-Team. 1993. Epidemiology of bluetonguein Central America and the Caribbean: initial entomological findings. Medicaland Veterinary Entomology 7(4): 309-315.
Grogan, W.L., Jr.; De-Meillon, B. 1993 (1994). NewBrachypogon,mainly from Senegal, with a key to the Afrotropical species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 29(4): 387-409.
Grootaert, P.; Meuffels, H.J.G. 1993. Dolichopodidae (Diptera) fromPapua New Guinea. X. Description of new species of the marine genusCymatopuskertesz. Invertebrate Taxonomy 7(6): 1575-1588.
Haase, A. 1993. Investigations of the macrozoobenthos in tidal poolsand ditches of the North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Faunistisch-OekologischeMitteilungen 6(9-10): 347-367.
Holbrook, F.R. 1994. Survival, fecundity, and egg fertility ofCulicoidesvariipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) fed on calves inoculated withivermectin. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 10(1):7-9.
Holbrook, F.R.; Mullens,B.A. 1994. Effects of ivermectin on survival,fecundity, and egg fertility inCulicoides variipennis (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association10(1): 70-73.
Isaev, V.A. 1993. Autogenicity in the blood-sucking midges of the genusCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Parazitologiya (St. Petersburg)27(4): 273-279.
Isaev, V.A. 1993. The capacity for autogenous development of folliclesin the insectivorous and nectarivorous midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae).Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 72(10): 106-112.
Jusa, E.R.; Inaba, Y.; Kadoi, K.; Kurogi, H.; Fonseca, E.; Shope, E.1994. Identification of Kagoshima and Chuzan viruses of Japan as Kasbavirus, and Orbivirus of the palyam serogroup. Australian Veterinary Journal71(2): 57.
Kitaoka, S. 1994. Three new species of the biting midge,ForcipomyiasubgenusLasiohelea from Honshu, Japan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 45(1): 1-6.
Kjaerandsen, J. 1993. Diptera in mines and other cave systems in southernNorway. Entomologica Fennica 4(3): 151-160.
Kline, D.L.; Hagan, D.V.; Wood, J.R. 1994.Culicoides responsesto 1-octen-3-ol and carbon dioxide in salt marshes near Sea Island, Georgia,USA. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 8(1): 25-30.
Krzyzanek, E.; Kasza, H.; Pajak, G. 1993. The effect of water bloomscaused by blue-green algae on the bottom macrofauna in the GoczalkowiceReservoir (southern Poland) in 1992. Acta Hydrobiologica 35(3): 221-230.
Lancaster, J.; Hildrew, A.G. 1993. Flow refugia and the microdistributionof lotic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American BenthologicalSociety 12(4): 385-393.
Maclachlan, N.J. 1994. The pathogenesis and immunology of bluetonguevirus infection of ruminants. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and InfectiousDiseases. 17(3-4): 197-206.
Maclachlan, N.J.; Nunamaker, R.A.; Katz, J.B.; Sawyer, M.M.; Akita,G.Y.; Osburn, B.I.; Tabachnick, W.J. 1994. Detection of bluetongue virusin the blood of inoculated calves: comparison of virus isolation, pcr assay,and in vitro feeding ofCulicoides variipennis. Archives of Virology136(1-2): 1-8.
Magee, P.A.; Fredrickson, L.H.; Humburg, D.D. 1993. Aquatic macroinvertebrateassociation with willow wetlands in northeastern Missouri. Wetlands 13(4):304-310.
Masteller, E.C.; Buzby, K.M. 1993. Emergence phenology of Empididae,Ceratopogonidae, and Simuliidae (Diptera) from a tropical rainforest streamat El Verde, Puerto Rico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 66(2):187-191.
McColl, K.A.; Gould, A.R.; Pritchard, L.; Melville, L.; Bellis, G. 1994.Phylogenetic characterization of bluetongue viruses from naturally-infectedinsects, cattle and sheep in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 71(4):102-105.
McKeever, S.; Hagan, D.V.; Wang, X. 1994. Comparative study of mouthpartsof four species ofCulicoides from Tibet. Medical and VeterinaryEntomology 8(3): 255-264.
Mellor, P.S. 1994. Epizootiology and vectors of African horse sicknessvirus. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 17(3-4):287-296.
Miyakawa, H.; Bamba, H.; Suganuma, F. 1993. Development of the methodprotecting laying hens from the biting midges with ventilation of insecticidein the open-type chicken house. Research Bulletin of the Aichi-Ken AgriculturalResearch Center 0(25): 357-363.
Mo, C.L.; Thompson, L.H.; Homan, E.J.; Oviedo, M.T.; Greiner, E.C.;Gonzalez, J.; Saenz, M.R.; Interam-Bluetongue-Team. 1994. Bluetongue virusisolations from vectors and ruminants in Central America and the Caribbean.American Journal of Veterinary Research 55(2): 211-215.
Mount, G.A.; Kline, D.L.; Hagan, D.V.; Grogan, W.L. 1995. Obituary:Life and work of Willis Wagner Wirth. American Entomologist 41(1): 63-64.
Mullens, B.A. 1993. In vitro assay for permethrin persistence and interferencewith bloodfeeding of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on animals.Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 9(3): 256-259.
Mullens, B.A.; Velten, R.K. 1994. Laboratory culture and life historyofHeleidomermis magnapapula in its host,Culicoides variipennis(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Nematology 26(1): 1-10.
Mullens, B.A.; Velten, R.K. 1994. RearingCulicoides variipennissonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on agar and nematodes. Journalof Medical Entomology 31(1): 175-177.
Narladkar, B.W.; Shastri, U.V.; Shivuje, P.R. 1993. Seasonal prevalenceofCulicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Marathwada region.Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 63(11): 1140-1145.
Narladkar, B.W.; Shastri, U.V.; Vadlamudi, V.P.; Shivpuje, P.R. 1993.Relative toxicity of some modern insecticides against larvae ofCulicoidesschultzei. Indian Veterinary Journal 70(8): 766-768.
Nevill, H.; Dyce, A.L. 1994. Afrotropical Culicoides: descriptionand comparisons of the pupae of seven species of the Similis supergroup(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research61(1): 85-106.
Overgaard-Nielsen, B.; Brunberg-Nielsen, L.; Axelsen, J.; Elmegaard,N. 1994. Winter abundance of soil Diptera larvae in arable soil. Pedobiologia38(3): 208-221.
Paine, E.O.; Mullens, B.A. 1994. Distribution, seasonal occurrence,and patterns of parasitism ofHeleidomermis magnapapula (Nematoda:Mermithidae), a parasite ofCulicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)in California. Environmental Entomology 23(1): 154-160.
Park, B.K.; Chang, C.H.; Chung, C.W.; Rhee, J.C.; Kwon, K.H.; Kim, D.H.;Ahn, J.M.; Im, S.K.; Hyun, K.J. 1993. Serological monitoring on bovineephemeral fever, ibaraki disease and akabane disease. RDA Journal of AgriculturalScience Veterinary 35(1): 679-684.
Paterson, M.J. 1994. Invertebrate predation and the seasonal dynamicsof microcrustacea in the littoral zone of a fishless lake. Archiv FuerHydrobiologie Supplementband 99(1-2): 1-36.
Peck, S.B. 1994. Aerial dispersal of insects between and to islandsin the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Annals of the Entomological Societyof America 87(2): 218-224.
Peck, S.B. 1994. Sea-surface (Pleuston) transport of insects betweenislands in the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Annals of the EntomologicalSociety of America 87(5): 576-582.
Pierce, C.L.; Rusmussen, J.B.; Leggett, W.C. 1994. Littoral fish communitiesin southern Quebec lakes: relationships with limnological and prey resourcesvariables. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51(5): 1128-1138.
Qu, F.Y.; Zhang, Y.J.; Ke, W. 1994. TheCulicoides (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) of Hainan Province. Acta Entomologica Sinica 37(1): 107-111.
Rader, R.B. 1994. Macroinvertebrates of the Northern Everglades: speciescomposition and trophic structure. Florida Scientist 57(1-2): 22-33.
Riehle, M.D.; Griffith, J.S. 1993. Changes in habitat use and feedingchronology of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in falland the onset of winter in Silver Creek, Idaho. Canadian Journal of Fisheriesand Aquatic Sciences 50(10): 2119-2128.
Ritchie, S.A.; Van-Essen, P.H.A.; Jemme, J.A.; Kay, B.H.; Allaway, D.1994. Response of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to carbon dioxide,octenol, and light in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Journal of MedicalEntomology 31(5): 645-648.
Roy, P.; Mertens, P.P.C.; Casal, I. 1994. African horse sickness virusstructure. Comp. Immunol., Microbiol. & Infectious Dis. 17(3-4): 243-273.
Saenz, M.R.; Greiner, E.C. 1994.Culicoides aspirated from cattlein Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama and Puerto Rico, and their role as potentialvectors of bluetongue viruses. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 8(1):15-19.
Spinelli, G.R.; Durat, J.P. 1993. The neotropical species ofClinohelea(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Graellsia 49(0): 39-50.
St. Louis, V.L. 1993. Element concentrations in Chironomids and theirabundance in the littoral zone of acidified lakes in northwestern Ontario.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50(5): 953-963.
Szadziewski, R. 1993. Biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) fromMiocene Saxonian amber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 35(3): 603-656.
Szadziewski, R.; Grogan, W.L.,Jr. 1994. Biting midges from Dominicanamber. I. A new fossil species ofBaeodasymyia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96(2): 219-229.
Troger, H.; Janetschek, H.; Meyer, E.; Schatz, W. 1994. Abundance ofemerging insects (Diptera/Coleoptera/Hymenoptera) in the Central High Alps(Tirol: Oetztal). Entomologia Generalis 18(3-4): 241-260.
Verschsuren, D. 1994. Sensitivity of tropical-African aquatic invertebratesto short-term trends in lake level and salinity: a paleolimnological testat Lake Oloidien, Kenya. Journal of Paleolimnology 10(3): 253-263.
Ward, M.P. 1994. The epidemiology of bluetongue virus in Australia:a review. Australian Veterinary Journal 71(1): 3-7.
Ward, M.P. 1994. The use of discriminant analysis in predicting thedistribution of bluetongue virus in Queensland, Australia. Veterinary ResearchCommunications. 18(1): 63-72.
Wilson, W.C.; Chase, C.C.L. Nested and multiplex polymerase chain reactionsfor the identification of bluetongue virus infection in the biting midge,Culicoides variipennis. Journal of Virological Methods 45(1): 39-47.
Wirth, W.W. 1994. New species and records of predaceous midges of thegenusProbezzia from Florida and Alabama (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Florida Entomologist 77(1): 136-145.
Wirth, W.W.; Spinelli, G.R. 1993. The North American species of theForcipomyia (Lepidohelea)bicolor subgroup (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington95(4): 611-634.
Yeruham, I.; Braverman, Y.; Orgad, U. 1993. Field observations in Israelon hypersensitivity in cattle, sheep and donkeys caused byCulicoides.Australian Veterinary Journal 70(9): 348-352.