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Living by the Spirit
…18But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.19Theactsof thefleshareobvious:sexual immorality,impurity,and debauchery;20idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage; rivalries, divisions, factions,…

Treasury of Scripture

Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness,

the works.

Galatians 5:13,17
For, brethren, ye have been called unto liberty; onlyuse not liberty for an occasion to the flesh, but by love serve one another…

Galatians 6:8
For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.

Psalm 17:4
Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have keptme from the paths of the destroyer.

Adultery.

Ezekiel 22:6-13
Behold, the princes of Israel, every one were in thee to their power to shed blood…

Matthew 15:18,19
But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man…

Mark 7:21-23
For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, …

ActsAdulteryClearDeedsDesireDoingsEvidentEvilFleshFornicationFullIdol-WorshipImmoralityImpurityLicentiousnessLustfulnessManifestNaturesObviousPlainSensesSensualitySexualSinfulSorceryUncleanUncleannessUseWhoredomWorksWrongActsAdulteryClearDeedsDesireDoingsEvidentEvilFleshFornicationFullIdol-WorshipImmoralityImpurityLicentiousnessLustfulnessManifestNaturesObviousPlainSensesSensualitySexualSinfulSorceryUncleanUncleannessUseWhoredomWorksWrong1.He wills them to stand in their liberty,
3.and not to observe circumcision;
13.but rather love, which is the sum of the law.
19.He lists the works of the flesh,
22.and the fruits of the Spirit,
25.and exhorts to walk in the Spirit.

The acts of the flesh are obvious:
This phrase introduces a list of behaviors that are contrary to the Spirit-led life Paul advocates. The "flesh" refers to the sinful nature inherent in humanity, a concept rooted in the fall of man (Genesis 3). The term "obvious" suggests that these acts are self-evident and universally recognized as contrary to God's will. This aligns with the moral law written on human hearts (Romans 2:15).

sexual immorality:
The Greek word used here is "porneia," encompassing all forms of illicit sexual activity, including adultery, fornication, and homosexuality. This term is frequently condemned in both Old and New Testaments (Leviticus 18,1 Corinthians 6:9-10). Sexual immorality was prevalent in the Greco-Roman world, often associated with pagan worship practices, highlighting the counter-cultural call to holiness for early Christians.

impurity:
This refers to moral uncleanness in thought, word, and deed. It extends beyond sexual sins to include any form of moral corruption. In the Jewish context, impurity was often associated with ceremonial uncleanliness, but Paul emphasizes a broader moral and ethical purity (Ephesians 5:3). This reflects the call to be holy as God is holy (1 Peter 1:16).

and debauchery:
Debauchery, or "aselgeia" in Greek, denotes a lack of self-restraint, often manifesting in excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures. It implies a shamelessness and disregard for decency. This behavior was rampant in the Roman Empire, where indulgence was often celebrated. The call to avoid debauchery is a call to live a life of discipline and self-control, fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23).

1.Paul the Apostle
The author of the letter to the Galatians, Paul was a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and theological teachings.

2.Galatia
A region in modern-day Turkey where the recipients of this letter lived. The Galatian churches were dealing with issues of legalism and false teachings.

3.The Galatian Churches
The early Christian communities in Galatia that Paul was addressing, who were struggling with the influence of Judaizers who insisted on adherence to the Mosaic Law.Understanding the Flesh
The "flesh" refers to our sinful nature, which is in opposition to the Spirit. Recognizing this helps us understand the internal battle every believer faces.

Obvious Acts
Paul describes these acts as "obvious," indicating that they are clearly contrary to God's will. This clarity should guide our moral compass.

The Danger of Sin
Sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery are not just personal failings but are destructive to our relationship with God and others.

Call to Holiness
As Christians, we are called to live by the Spirit, which means actively rejecting the acts of the flesh and pursuing holiness.

Community Accountability
The church community plays a vital role in helping believers stay accountable and encouraging one another to live according to the Spirit.Top 10 Lessons from Galatians 5

Does Galatians 5:19–21’s broad condemnation of “acts of the flesh” conflict with modern understandings of psychology and human behavior?

What does "revellings" mean in the Bible?

What is the Bible's perspective on envy?

What does lasciviousness mean?(19)Now the works of the flesh are manifest.--It needs no elaborate disquisition to show what is meant by fulfilling the lust of the flesh. The effects which the flesh produces are plain and obvious enough. The catalogue which follows is not drawn up on any exact scientific principle, but divides itself roughly under four heads: (1) sins of sensuality; (2) sins of superstition; (3) sins of temper; (4) excesses.

It has been said that all our sinfulness may be resolved "into two elementary instincts: the instinct of self-preservation and the reproductive instinct." The third class of sins--sins of temper--would be referred to the first of the heads; sins of sensuality and excess--the one immediately, the other more remotely--to the second. The sins of superstition mentioned are of a more secondary character, and arise out of intellectual errors.

Adultery.--This word is omitted in the best MSS.

Uncleanness, lasciviousness.--The first of these words signifies any kind of impurity, secret or open; the second flagrant breaches of public decency.

Verse 19. -Now the works of the flesh are manifest (φανερὰ δέ ἐστι τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός). The apostle's purpose is here altogether one of practical exhortation. Having in ver. 13 emphatically warned the Galatians against making their emancipation from the Mosaic Law an occasion for the flesh, and in ver. 16 affirmed the incompatibility of a spiritual walk with the fulfilment of the desire of the flesh, he now specifies samples of the vices, whether in outward conduct or in inward feeling, in which the working of the flesh is apparent, as if cautioning them; adducing just those into which the Galatian converts would naturally be most in danger of falling. Both in the list which he gives them of .,ins, and in that of Christian graces, he is careful to note those relative to their Church life as well as those bearing upon their personal private life. Instances of enumeration of sins which may be compared with that here given, are found, with respect to the heathen world, inRomans 1:29-31; with reference to Christians,Romans 13:13;1 Corinthians 6:9, 10;2 Corinthians 12:20, 21;Ephesians 5:3-5, followed by a brief indication of fruits of the Spirit in ver. 9;Colossians 3:5-9;1 Timothy 1:9, 10;2 Timothy 3:2-4. "Manifest;" namely, to our moral sense; we at once feel that these are the outcome of an evil nature, and are incompatible with the influence of the Spirit of God. "Works of the flesh" means works in which the prompting of the flesh is recognizable. The phrase is equivalent to "the deeds or doings of the body," which we are called to "mortify, put to death, by the Spirit" (Romans 8:13). InRomans 13:12 andEphesians 5:13 they are styled "works of darkness," that is, works belonging properly to a state in which the moral sense has not been quickened by the Spirit, or in which the light of Christ's presence has not shone. Which are these (ἅτινά ἐτι);of which sort are. Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness (πορνεία [Receptus,μοιχεία πορνεία],ἀκαθαρσία ἀσέλγεια). This is the first group, consisting of offences againstchastity - sins against which the Church has to contend in all ages and in all countries; but which idolatry, especially such idolatry as that of Cybele in Galatia, has generally much fostered. The first in our English Bible, "adultery,"is rejected from the Greek text by the general consent of editors. But in fact, "fornication" (πορνεία) may be taken as including it (Matthew 5:32), though it may also stand at its side as a distinct species of unchastity. "uncleanness" covers a wider range of sensual sin ("all uncleanness,"Ephesians 4:19); solitary impurity, whether in thought or deed; unnatural lust (Romans 1:24), though it can hardly be taken as meaning this lust alone. "Lasciviousness," or "wantonness," is scarcely an adequate rendering ofἀσέλγεια in this connection; it appears to point to recklessshamelessness in unclean indulgences. In classical Greek the adjectiveἀσέλγης describes a man insolently and wantonly reckless in his treatment of others; but in the New Testament it generally appears to point more specifically to unabashed open indulgence in impurity. The noun is connected with "uncleanness" and "fornication' 'in2 Corinthians 12:21; with "uncleanness' ' inEphesians 4:19; is used of the men of Sodom in2 Peter 2:7; comp. also2 Peter 2:18; l Peter 4:3;Jude 1:4 (cf. 7). Only inMark 7:22 can it from the grouping be naturally taken in its classical sense.

Parallel Commentaries ...


The
τὰ(ta)
Article - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

acts
ἔργα(erga)
Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2041:From a primary ergo; toil; by implication, an act.

of the
τῆς(tēs)
Article - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

flesh
σαρκός(sarkos)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 4561:Flesh, body, human nature, materiality; kindred.

are
ἐστιν(estin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 1510:I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

obvious:
Φανερὰ(Phanera)
Adjective - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 5318:Apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly. From phaino; shining, i.e. Apparent; neuter publicly, externally.

sexual immorality,
πορνεία(porneia)
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4202:Fornication, whoredom; met: idolatry. From porneuo; harlotry; figuratively, idolatry.

impurity,
ἀκαθαρσία(akatharsia)
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Strong's 167:Uncleanness, impurity. From akathartos; impurity, physically or morally.

[and] debauchery;
ἀσέλγεια(aselgeia)
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Strong's 766:From a compound of a and a presumed selges; licentiousness.


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NT Letters: Galatians 5:19 Now the works of the flesh (Gal. Ga)