Topical Encyclopedia
The friendship between Jonathan, the son of King Saul, and David, the future king of Israel, is one of the most profound and celebrated relationships in the Bible. This friendship is first introduced in
1 Samuel 18 and is characterized by loyalty, selflessness, and covenantal love.
BackgroundJonathan was the eldest son of King Saul, the first king of Israel, and was a valiant warrior in his own right. David, the youngest son of Jesse, rose to prominence after his victory over Goliath, the Philistine giant. Following this victory, David was brought into the court of Saul, where he quickly became a favored member due to his military prowess and his skill as a musician.
The Covenant of FriendshipThe bond between Jonathan and David is established immediately after David's triumph over Goliath.
1 Samuel 18:1-3 states, "After David had finished speaking with Saul, the souls of Jonathan and David were knit together, and Jonathan loved him as himself. And from that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return to his father’s house. Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself."
This covenant was a formal agreement that signified a deep commitment to each other's welfare. Jonathan's love for David was so profound that he willingly gave David his robe, armor, sword, bow, and belt (
1 Samuel 18:4), symbolizing the transfer of his own rights and privileges as the heir to the throne.
Challenges to the FriendshipThe friendship between Jonathan and David faced significant challenges, primarily due to King Saul's growing jealousy and fear of David. Saul's animosity towards David intensified as David's popularity and success increased. Despite his father's hostility, Jonathan remained steadfast in his loyalty to David.
In
1 Samuel 19, Jonathan intervenes on David's behalf, speaking well of him to Saul and persuading his father to spare David's life. However, Saul's anger soon resurfaces, and he attempts to kill David. Jonathan's loyalty is further tested in
1 Samuel 20, where he devises a plan to warn David of Saul's intentions. The two friends meet in secret, and Jonathan reaffirms his covenant with David, saying, "May the LORD be with you as He has been with my father. And if I remain alive, may the LORD deal kindly with me, and if I die, do not ever cut off your loving devotion from my household" (
1 Samuel 20:13-15).
A Model of FriendshipThe friendship between Jonathan and David is often seen as a model of true friendship, characterized by selflessness, loyalty, and faithfulness. Jonathan's willingness to support David, even at the cost of his own future as king, demonstrates a profound understanding of God's will and a deep love for his friend. This relationship is a testament to the power of covenantal love and the importance of placing God's purposes above personal ambition.
LegacyJonathan's friendship with David had lasting implications for the future of Israel. Despite Jonathan's death in battle alongside his father Saul (1 Samuel 31), David honored his covenant with Jonathan by showing kindness to Jonathan's son, Mephibosheth (2 Samuel 9). This act of kindness underscores the enduring nature of their covenant and the deep respect David held for Jonathan.
The account of Jonathan and David serves as an enduring example of friendship that transcends personal gain and ambition, rooted in mutual respect, love, and a shared commitment to God's purposes.
