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The Feast of Firstfruits
9And the LORDsaidtoMoses,10“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you are to bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest.…

Treasury of Scripture

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

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MosesSpeakethMosesSpeaketh1.The feasts of the Lord
3.the Sabbath
4.The Passover
9.The sheaf of firstfruits
15.The feast of Pentecost
22.Gleanings to be left for the poor
23.The feast of trumpets
26.The day of atonement
33.The feast of tabernacles

And the LORD said to Moses,
This phrase indicates direct divine communication, emphasizing the authority and sacredness of the instructions that follow. Moses, as the leader and prophet of Israel, serves as the intermediary between God and the people. This pattern of God speaking to Moses is consistent throughout the Pentateuch, underscoring Moses' unique role in receiving and conveying God's laws. The use of "LORD" in all capitals signifies the covenant name of God, Yahweh, highlighting the personal relationship between God and Israel. This communication occurs during the Israelites' wilderness journey, a formative period for the nation as they receive the Law and prepare to enter the Promised Land. The context of Leviticus is the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai, where God establishes the religious and social framework for His people. This phrase sets the stage for the instructions on the Feast of Firstfruits, which follows in the subsequent verses, linking the agricultural cycle to Israel's worship and dependence on God.1.The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who is giving instructions to His people through Moses.

2.Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites, chosen by God to deliver His laws and commandments to the people.

3.Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are receiving these instructions as part of their covenant relationship with Him.

4.Mount Sinai
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, it is the place where God gave the Law to Moses, including the instructions in Leviticus.

5.Feasts of the LORD
The broader context ofLeviticus 23, which outlines the appointed feasts and holy convocations for the Israelites.God's Sovereignty and Authority
The LORD speaks directly to Moses, emphasizing His authority and the importance of His instructions. We are reminded of God's sovereignty in our lives and the need to heed His Word.

The Role of Mediators
Moses serves as a mediator between God and the Israelites. This foreshadows Christ as our ultimate mediator, who intercedes on our behalf.

The Importance of Obedience
The instructions given to Moses were to be followed precisely by the Israelites. This teaches us the importance of obedience to God's commands in our own lives.

The Significance of Holy Days
The feasts and holy convocations were times set apart for worship and remembrance. We are encouraged to set aside time for worship and reflection on God's goodness.

Covenant Relationship
The instructions inLeviticus 23 are part of the covenant relationship between God and His people. We are reminded of our covenant relationship with God through Christ and the responsibilities it entails.Top 10 Lessons from Leviticus 23

What is the Feast of Firstfruits?

What is the Firstfruits Offering?

Why did Aaron offer a sin offering for his sons?

How could only twenty loaves feed a hundred men (2 Kings 4:42–44) if the story is not embellished?(9)And the Lord spake unto Moses.--As the celebration of the sheaf of first-fruits formed no part of the original institution of the Passover (Exodus 12:1-20), and as the omer ritual could not be observed in the wilderness, where there was no sowing of corn, it is here enacted as a prospective part of the feast of unleavened bread, and hence is introduced by a separate formula.

Verses 9-14. - A second command is given on the subject of the Feast of Unleavened Bread respecting those ceremonies which were only to be made use of when the Israelites had reached Canaan. It has reference to the second day of Unleavened Bread, which is calledthe morrow after the sabbath, the first day of the feast being meant bythe sabbath, on whatever day of week it may have occurred. It was on this second day that the presentation of the first or wave sheaf of barley took place, according to the command,Ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest: and he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. Which command was fulfilled in the following manner. "Already, on the 14th of Nisan, the spot whence the first sheaf was to be reaped bad been marked out by delegates from the Sanhedrim, by tying together in bundles, while still standing, the barley that was to be cut down. Though for obvious reasons it was customary to choose for the purpose the sheltered Ashes valley across Kedron, there was no restriction on that point, provided the barley had grown in an ordinary field - of course in Palestine itself - and not in garden or orchard land, and that the soil had not been manured nor yet artificially watered. When the time for cutting the sheaf had arrived, that is, on the evening of the 15th of Nisan (even though it was a sabbath)just as the sun went down, three men, each with a sickle and basket, formally set to work. But in order clearly to bring out all that was distinctive in the ceremony, they first asked of the bystanders three times each of these questions: 'Has the sun gone down?' 'With this sickle?' 'Into this basket?' ' On this sabbath?' (or first Passover day); and lastly, 'Shall I reap?' Having been each time answered in the affirmative, they cut down barley to the amount of one ephah, or ten omers, or three seahs, which is equal to about three pecks and three pints of our English measure. The ears were brought into the court of the temple" (Edersheim, 'Temple Service'). The sheaf composed of these ears (for the Authorized Version is right in considering that it is the sheaf, and not the omer of flour made out of the ears of barley, that is meant byעֹמֶר, though Josephus and the Mishna take it the other way) was on the following day waved by the priests before the Lord, in token of its consecration, and through it, of the consecration of the whole barley crop to the Lord. With it was offered the burnt offering of a lamb, a meat offering double the usual quantity, and a drink offering. This passage and verses 18 and 37, are the only places in the Book of Leviticus where the drink offering is mentioned. Until the waving of the sheaf,neither bread nor parched corn, nor green ears, that is, no grain in any form, might be eaten. We may imagine how delicacies made of the new flour would at once appear in the streets as soon as the sheaf had been waved.

Parallel Commentaries ...


And the LORD
יְהוָ֖ה(Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068:LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

said
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר(way·ḏab·bêr)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1696:To arrange, to speak, to subdue

to
אֶל־(’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

Moses,
מֹשֶׁ֥ה(mō·šeh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 4872:Moses -- a great Israelite leader, prophet and lawgiver


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OT Law: Leviticus 23:9 Yahweh spoke to Moses saying (Le Lv Lev.)