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◄ Leviticus 11:31►
New International Version
Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening.

New Living Translation
All these small animals are unclean for you. If any of you touch the dead body of such an animal, you will be defiled until evening.

English Standard Version
These are unclean to you among all that swarm. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening.

Berean Standard Bible
These animals are unclean for you among all the crawling creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

King James Bible
Theseare unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.

New King James Version
Theseare unclean to you among all that creep. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

New American Standard Bible
These are to you the unclean among all the swarming things; whoever touches them when they are dead becomes unclean until evening.

NASB 1995
‘These are to you the unclean among all the swarming things; whoever touches them when they are dead becomes unclean until evening.

NASB 1977
‘These are to you the unclean among all the swarming things; whoever touches them when they are dead becomes unclean until evening.

Legacy Standard Bible
These are to you the unclean among all the swarming things; whoever touches them when they are dead becomes unclean until evening.

Amplified Bible
These [creatures] are unclean to you among all that swarm; whoever touches them when they are dead becomes unclean until evening.

Christian Standard Bible
These are unclean for you among all the swarming creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
These are unclean for you among all the swarming creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening.

American Standard Version
These are they which are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.

Contemporary English Version
Anyone who touches their dead bodies or anything touched by their dead bodies becomes unclean until evening.

English Revised Version
These are they which are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Among all the swarming creatures that move on the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches their dead bodies will be unclean until evening.

Good News Translation
Whoever touches them or their dead bodies will be unclean until evening.

International Standard Version
These are unclean for you among the swarming creatures, so anyone who touches them when they're dead becomes unclean until evening.

NET Bible
These are the ones that are unclean to you among all the swarming things. Anyone who touches them when they die will be unclean until evening.

New Heart English Bible
These are they which are unclean to you among all that crawl. Whoever touches them when they are dead, shall be unclean until the evening.

Webster's Bible Translation
These are unclean to you among all that creep: whoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the evening.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
These animals are unclean for you among all the crawling creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

World English Bible
These are they which are unclean to you among all that creep. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
these [are] the unclean to you among all which are teeming; anyone who is coming against them in their death is unclean until the evening.

Young's Literal Translation
these are the unclean to you among all which are teeming; any one who is coming against them in their death is unclean till the evening.

Smith's Literal Translation
These are unclean to you, among all the creeping: every one touching upon them in their dying, shall be unclean till even.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
31All these are unclean. He that toucheth their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening.

Catholic Public Domain Version
All these are unclean. Whoever will have touched their carcasses shall be unclean until evening.

New American Bible
Among the various swarming creatures, these are unclean for you. Everyone who touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

New Revised Standard Version
These are unclean for you among all that swarm; whoever touches one of them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
These are unclean to you among all that creep; whosoever touches them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the evening.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
These are defiled among every creeping thing; everything that touches them when they are dead shall be defiled until evening.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
These are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
These are unclean to you of all the reptiles which are on the earth; every one who touches their carcases shall be unclean till evening.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Clean and Unclean Animals
…30the gecko, the monitor lizard, the common lizard, the skink, and the chameleon.31These animalsare uncleanfor youamong allthe crawling creatures.Whoevertouchesthemwhen they are deadshall be uncleanuntilevening.32When one of them dies and falls on something, that article becomes unclean; any article of wood, clothing, leather, sackcloth, or any implement used for work must be rinsed with water and will remain unclean until evening; then it will be clean.…

Cross References
Acts 10:14-15
“No, Lord!” Peter answered. “I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.” / The voice spoke to him a second time: “Do not call anything impure that God has made clean.”

Mark 7:18-19
“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him, / because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)

Matthew 15:11
A man is not defiled by what enters his mouth, but by what comes out of it.”

Romans 14:14
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.

1 Timothy 4:4-5
For every creation of God is good, and nothing that is received with thanksgiving should be rejected, / because it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer.

Colossians 2:16-17
Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath. / These are a shadow of the things to come, but the body that casts it belongs to Christ.

Acts 10:28
He said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.

Romans 14:20
Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. All food is clean, but it is wrong for a man to let his eating be a stumbling block.

1 Corinthians 10:25-26
Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience, / for, “The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof.”

Hebrews 9:10
They consist only in food and drink and special washings—external regulations imposed until the time of reform.

Deuteronomy 14:7-8
But of those that chew the cud or have a completely divided hoof, you are not to eat the following: the camel, the rabbit, or the rock badger. Although they chew the cud, they do not have a divided hoof. They are unclean for you, / as well as the pig; though it has a divided hoof, it does not chew the cud. It is unclean for you. You must not eat its meat or touch its carcass.

Isaiah 66:17
“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to enter the groves—to follow one in the center of those who eat the flesh of swine and vermin and rats—will perish together,” declares the LORD.

Ezekiel 4:14
“Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.”

Genesis 7:2
You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate;

Deuteronomy 14:19-20
All flying insects are unclean for you; they may not be eaten. / But you may eat any clean bird.


Treasury of Scripture

These are unclean to you among all that creep: whoever does touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.

Leviticus 11:8,24,25
Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; theyare unclean to you…

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Leviticus 11
1.What animals may be eaten
4.and what may not be eaten
9.What fishes
13.What fowls
29.The creeping things which are unclean














These animals are unclean for you among all the crawling creatures.
In the context of Leviticus, the term "unclean" refers to a state of ritual impurity, which prevented individuals from participating in certain religious activities. The distinction between clean and unclean animals is part of the broader Levitical law given to the Israelites to set them apart as God's chosen people. The crawling creatures mentioned here likely include various small animals and insects that move close to the ground. This classification is part of a larger system of dietary laws found inLeviticus 11, which outlines what is permissible for the Israelites to eat. These laws served not only as a means of maintaining physical health but also as a symbol of spiritual purity and separation from the surrounding nations. The concept of clean and unclean animals is echoed in the New Testament, where Peter's vision inActs 10:9-16 challenges the early church to reconsider these distinctions in light of the new covenant in Christ.

Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.
The requirement for someone who touches a dead unclean animal to be considered unclean until evening underscores the importance of ritual purity in the daily life of the Israelites. This temporary state of uncleanness required the individual to undergo a purification process, which often included washing and waiting until evening, a time marker that signified a new day in the Hebrew calendar. This regulation highlights the pervasive nature of sin and impurity and the need for constant vigilance and cleansing. The evening purification can be seen as a type of the cleansing that comes through Christ, who provides ultimate purification from sin. The concept of being unclean until evening also points to the temporary nature of the old covenant's purification rituals, which are fulfilled and made complete in the sacrifice of Jesus, as described inHebrews 10:1-14.

Persons / Places / Events
1.Moses and Aaron
The primary recipients of the laws in Leviticus, tasked with communicating God's commandments to the Israelites.

2.Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are given these laws to maintain holiness and purity.

3.Swarming Creatures
Refers to various small animals and insects that move in large numbers, considered unclean under Mosaic Law.

4.The Wilderness
The setting where the Israelites received the Law, emphasizing their journey and dependence on God.

5.The Tabernacle
The central place of worship for the Israelites, where purity laws were especially significant.
Teaching Points
Understanding Holiness
The laws in Leviticus, including those about unclean animals, were given to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation. This underscores the importance of holiness in our lives today.

Symbolism of Cleanliness
The distinction between clean and unclean animals symbolizes the separation between sin and righteousness. Believers are called to discern and avoid spiritual impurity.

Temporary vs. Eternal Purity
The uncleanness from touching dead creatures was temporary, lasting until evening. This points to the temporary nature of ceremonial laws compared to the eternal purity found in Christ.

Respect for God's Commands
The detailed laws in Leviticus demonstrate the importance of obedience to God's commands, encouraging believers to respect and follow God's Word diligently.

Community and Contamination
The laws about uncleanness also served to protect the community from physical and spiritual contamination, reminding us of our responsibility to maintain purity within the body of Christ.
Lists and Questions
Top 10 Lessons from Leviticus 11

What does "unclean until evening" mean?

What are the different types of demons?

Numbers 6:9–12 — Why would accidental defilement require repeating the entire vow and new sacrifices, suggesting a severe ritual focus that seems excessive?

If Leviticus 5:2 considers touching an unclean creature as sin, even unknowingly, how can ignorance be morally blameworthy?(31)These are unclean.--Better,these are the most unclean,asLeviticus 11:29. That is, the eight animals thus enumerated are pre-eminently unclean of all the creeping things.

When they be dead.--The phrase, "whosoever doth touch them when they be dead," is simply another expression for "whosoever toucheth the carcase of them," which is used inLeviticus 11:24. Defilement is only contracted when their dead bodies are touched, but not if touched when alive. According to the canon which obtained during the second Temple, "there is no kind of living creature that becomes defiled while it is alive, or defiles when it is alive, save man only."

Verses 31-38. - As the little animals just mentioned - weasels, mice, and lizards - are more likely than those of a larger size to be found dead in domestic utensils and clothes, a further warning as to their defiling character is added, with talcs for daily use. The words translatedranges for pots (verse 35) should rather be renderedcovered pots, that is, pots or kettles with lids to them.Seed which is to be sown, that is, seed corn, is not defiled by contact with these dead animals, unless it has been wetted bywater being put on it, in which case the moisture would convey the corruption into the seeds.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
These [animals]
אֵ֛לֶּה(’êl·leh)
Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428:These, those

are unclean
הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים(haṭ·ṭə·mê·’îm)
Article | Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 2931:Unclean

for you among all
בְּכָל־(bə·ḵāl)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, every

the crawling creatures.
הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ(haš·šā·reṣ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8318:A swarm, active mass of minute animals

Whoever
כָּל־(kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, every

touches
הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ(han·nō·ḡê·a‘)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 5060:To touch, lay the hand upon, to reach, violently, to strike

them
בָּהֶ֛ם(bā·hem)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's Hebrew

when they are dead
בְּמֹתָ֖ם(bə·mō·ṯām)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 4194:Death, the dead, their place, state, pestilence, ruin

shall be unclean
יִטְמָ֥א(yiṭ·mā)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2930:To be or become unclean

until
עַד־(‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704:As far as, even to, up to, until, while

evening.
הָעָֽרֶב׃(hā·‘ā·reḇ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6153:Evening


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OT Law: Leviticus 11:31 These are they which are unclean (Le Lv Lev.)
Leviticus 11:30
Leviticus 11:32
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