New International VersionThese people are blemishes at your love feasts, eating with you without the slightest qualm—shepherds who feed only themselves. They are clouds without rain, blown along by the wind; autumn trees, without fruit and uprooted—twice dead.
New Living TranslationWhen these people eat with you in your fellowship meals commemorating the Lord’s love, they are like dangerous reefs that can shipwreck you. They are like shameless shepherds who care only for themselves. They are like clouds blowing over the land without giving any rain. They are like trees in autumn that are doubly dead, for they bear no fruit and have been pulled up by the roots.
English Standard VersionThese are hidden reefs at your love feasts, as they feast with you without fear, shepherds feeding themselves; waterless clouds, swept along by winds; fruitless trees in late autumn, twice dead, uprooted;
Berean Standard BibleThese men are hidden reefs in your love feasts, shamelessly feasting with you but shepherding only themselves. They are clouds without water, carried along by the wind; fruitless trees in autumn, twice dead after being uprooted.
Berean Literal BibleThese are the hidden reefs, feasting together with you fearlessly in your love feasts; shepherding themselves; clouds without water, being carried about by winds; autumnal trees without fruit, twice having died, having been uprooted;
King James BibleThese are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
New King James VersionThese are spots in your love feasts, while they feast with you without fear, serving only themselves. They are clouds without water, carried about by the winds; late autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, pulled up by the roots;
New American Standard BibleThese are the ones who are hidden reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you without fear, like shepherds caring only for themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, doubly dead, uprooted;
NASB 1995These are the men who are hidden reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you without fear, caring for themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, doubly dead, uprooted;
NASB 1977These men are those who are hidden reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you without fear, caring for themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, doubly dead, uprooted;
Legacy Standard BibleThese are the men who are hidden reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you without fear, caring for themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, doubly dead, uprooted;
Amplified BibleThese men are hidden reefs [elements of great danger to others] in your love feasts when they feast together with you without fear, looking after [only] themselves; [they are like] clouds without water, swept along by the winds; autumn trees without fruit, doubly dead, uprooted and lifeless;
Christian Standard BibleThese people are dangerous reefs at your love feasts as they eat with you without reverence. They are shepherds who only look after themselves. They are waterless clouds carried along by winds; trees in late autumn—fruitless, twice dead and uprooted.
Holman Christian Standard BibleThese are the ones who are like dangerous reefs at your love feasts. They feast with you, nurturing only themselves without fear. They are waterless clouds carried along by winds; trees in late autumn—fruitless, twice dead, pulled out by the roots;
American Standard VersionThese are they who are hidden rocks in your love-feasts when they feast with you, shepherds that without fear feed themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
Contemporary English VersionThese people are filthy minded, and by their shameful and selfish actions they spoil the meals you eat together. They are like clouds blown along by the wind, but never bringing any rain. They are like leafless trees, uprooted and dead, and unable to produce fruit.
English Revised VersionThese are they who are hidden rocks in your love-feasts when they feast with you, shepherds that without fear feed themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
GOD'S WORD® TranslationThese people are a disgrace at the special meals you share with other believers. They eat with you and don't feel ashamed. They are shepherds who care [only] for themselves. They are dry clouds blown around by the winds. They are withered, uprooted trees without any fruit. As a result, they have died twice.
Good News TranslationWith their shameless carousing they are like dirty spots in your fellowship meals. They take care only of themselves. They are like clouds carried along by the wind, but bringing no rain. They are like trees that bear no fruit, even in autumn, trees that have been pulled up by the roots and are completely dead.
International Standard VersionThese people are stains on your love feasts. They feast with you without any sense of awe. They are shepherds who care only for themselves. They are waterless clouds blown about by the winds. They are autumn trees that are fruitless, totally dead, and uprooted.
NET BibleThese men are dangerous reefs at your love feasts, feasting without reverence, feeding only themselves. They are waterless clouds, carried along by the winds; autumn trees without fruit--twice dead, uprooted;
New Heart English BibleThese are hidden rocky reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you, shepherds who without fear feed themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn leaves without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
Webster's Bible TranslationThese are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, carried about by winds; withered autumnal trees, without fruit, twice dead, plucked out by the roots;
Weymouth New TestamentThese men--sunken rocks! --are those who share the pleasure of your love-feasts, unrestrained by fear while caring only for themselves; clouds without water, driven away by the winds; trees that cast their fruit, barren, doubly dead, uprooted; Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleThese men are hidden reefs in your love feasts, shamelessly feasting with you but shepherding only themselves. They are clouds without water, carried along by the wind; fruitless trees in autumn, twice dead after being uprooted.
World English BibleThese are hidden rocky reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you, shepherds who without fear feed themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots; Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionThese are stains at your love-feasts, feasting together with you without fear, shepherding themselves; waterless clouds, being carried away by winds; autumnal trees without fruit, having died twice, having been uprooted;
Berean Literal BibleThese are the hidden reefs, feasting together with you fearlessly in your love feasts; shepherding themselves; clouds without water, being carried about by winds; autumnal trees without fruit, twice having died, having been uprooted;
Young's Literal Translation These are in your love-feasts craggy rocks; feasting together with you, without fear shepherding themselves; clouds without water, by winds carried about; trees autumnal, without fruit, twice dead, rooted up;
Smith's Literal TranslationThese are spots in your loves, feasting together fearlessly, taking care of themselves: clouds wanting water, carried about by winds; decayed trees, unfruitful, twice dead, uprooted; Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleThese are spots in their banquets, feasting together without fear, feeding themselves, clouds without water, which are carried about by winds, trees of the autumn, unfruitful, twice dead, plucked up by the roots,
Catholic Public Domain VersionThese ones are defiled within their banquets, enjoying themselves and feeding themselves without fear; waterless clouds, which are tossed about by winds; autumn trees, unfruitful, twice dead, uprooted;
New American BibleThese are blemishes on your love feasts, as they carouse fearlessly and look after themselves. They are waterless clouds blown about by winds, fruitless trees in late autumn, twice dead and uprooted.
New Revised Standard VersionThese are blemishes on your love-feasts, while they feast with you without fear, feeding themselves. They are waterless clouds carried along by the winds; autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, uprooted; Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleThese people are those who lead a wasteful, feasting life and are blemished; they do not shepherd themselves in reverence; they are clouds without rain, driven by winds; trees whose blossoms have withered, without fruit; having died a second time, pulled up by the roots;
Aramaic Bible in Plain EnglishThese are those who are defiled in their feasts and run riot while feeding themselves without fear, clouds without rain that wander with the wind; trees, whose fruit has died, who are without fruit, which have died twice and they have pulled up from their roots, NT Translations Anderson New TestamentThese, while feasting with you, are spots in your love-feasts, feeding themselves without fear; they are clouds without water, driven along by winds; trees of autumn, without fruit, twice dead, torn up by the roots: -
Godbey New TestamentThese are rocks in your love-feasts, feasting along with you without fear shepherdizing themselves, clouds without water, driven away by the winds; withered trees, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
Haweis New TestamentThese are in your feasts of love, as sunken rocks; though joining in your banquet, they feed themselves fearlessly; clouds without water carried about by the winds; trees untimely withering, fruitless, twice dead, rooted up;
Mace New Testamentthey are a disgrace to your love-feasts, they indulge themselves at your festivals without reserve: clouds without water, transported with every wind: trees whose fruit soon withers and is useless, twice dead and rooted up:
Weymouth New TestamentThese men--sunken rocks! --are those who share the pleasure of your love-feasts, unrestrained by fear while caring only for themselves; clouds without water, driven away by the winds; trees that cast their fruit, barren, doubly dead, uprooted;
Worrell New TestamentThese are the hidden rocks in your love-feasts, feasting sumptuously together, feeding themselves without fear; clouds without water, borne along by winds; autumnal trees, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;
Worsley New TestamentThese are spots in your love-feasts, feeding themselves without fear, when they are feasting with you: clouds without water, carried about by the winds; trees withered and without fruit, twice dead and rooted up; raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame;
Additional Translations ... Audio Bible
Context God's Judgment on the Ungodly… 11Woe to them! They have traveled the path of Cain; they have rushed headlong into the error of Balaam; they have perished in Korah’s rebellion. 12These menarehidden reefsinyourlove feasts,shamelesslyfeasting with youbut shepherdingonly themselves.They are cloudswithout water,carried alongbythe wind;fruitlesstreesin autumn,twicedeadafter being uprooted.13They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.…
Cross References 2 Peter 2:13-17The harm they will suffer is the wages of their wickedness. They consider it a pleasure to carouse in broad daylight. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their deception as they feast with you. / Their eyes are full of adultery; their desire for sin is never satisfied; they seduce the unstable. They are accursed children with hearts trained in greed. / They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Beor, who loved the wages of wickedness. ...
Matthew 7:15-20Beware of false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves. / By their fruit you will recognize them. Are grapes gathered from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? / Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. ...
Ezekiel 34:2-10“Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Woe to the shepherds of Israel, who only feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed their flock? / You eat the fat, wear the wool, and butcher the fattened sheep, but you do not feed the flock. / You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bound up the injured, brought back the strays, or searched for the lost. Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty. ...
1 Corinthians 11:20-22Now then, when you come together, it is not the Lord’s Supper you eat. / For as you eat, each of you goes ahead without sharing his meal. While one remains hungry, another gets drunk. / Don’t you have your own homes in which to eat and drink? Or do you despise the church of God and humiliate those who have nothing? What can I say to you? Shall I praise you for this? No, I will not!
Proverbs 25:14Like clouds and wind without rain is the man who boasts of gifts never given.
Isaiah 56:10-11Israel’s watchmen are blind, they are all oblivious; they are all mute dogs, they cannot bark; they are dreamers lying around, loving to slumber. / Like ravenous dogs, they are never satisfied. They are shepherds with no discernment; they all turn to their own way, each one seeking his own gain:
Philippians 3:18-19For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. / Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things.
Jeremiah 23:1-2“Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of My pasture!” declares the LORD. / Therefore this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says about the shepherds who tend My people: “You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not attended to them. Behold, I will attend to you for the evil of your deeds, declares the LORD.
Romans 16:17-18Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them. / For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive.
1 Timothy 4:1-2Now the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will abandon the faith to follow deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons, / influenced by the hypocrisy of liars, whose consciences are seared with a hot iron.
Hosea 6:4What shall I do with you, O Ephraim? What shall I do with you, O Judah? For your loyalty is like a morning mist, like the early dew that vanishes.
2 Timothy 3:1-5But understand this: In the last days terrible times will come. / For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, / unloving, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, without love of good, ...
Zechariah 11:17Woe to the worthless shepherd, who deserts the flock! May a sword strike his arm and his right eye! May his arm be completely withered and his right eye utterly blinded!”
Colossians 2:18-19Do not let anyone who delights in false humility and the worship of angels disqualify you with speculation about what he has seen. Such a person is puffed up without basis by his unspiritual mind. / He has lost connection to the head, from whom the whole body, supported and knit together by its joints and ligaments, grows as God causes it to grow.
Micah 3:5-6This is what the LORD says: “As for the prophets who lead My people astray, who proclaim peace while they chew with their teeth, but declare war against one who puts nothing in their mouths: / Therefore night will come over you without visions, and darkness without divination. The sun will set on these prophets, and the daylight will turn black over them.
Treasury of Scripture These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit wither, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots; are spots. 2 Peter 2:13,14 And shall receive the reward of unrighteousness,as they that count it pleasure to riot in the day time. Spotsthey are and blemishes, sporting themselves with their own deceivings while they feast with you; … feasts. 1 Corinthians 11:21,22 For in eating every one taketh beforeother his own supper: and one is hungry, and another is drunken… feeding. Psalm 78:29-31 So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire; … Isaiah 56:10-12 His watchmenare blind: they are all ignorant, theyare all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber… Ezekiel 34:8,18As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely because my flock became a prey, and my flock became meat to every beast of the field, becausethere was no shepherd, neither did my shepherds search for my flock, but the shepherds fed themselves, and fed not my flock; … clouds. Proverbs 25:14 Whoso boasteth himself of a false giftis like clouds and wind without rain. Hosea 6:4 O Ephraim, what shall I do unto thee? O Judah, what shall I do unto thee? for your goodnessis as a morning cloud, and as the early dew it goeth away. 2 Peter 2:17 These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever. carried. Ephesians 4:14 That wehenceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men,and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; trees. Psalm 1:3 And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. Psalm 37:2 For they shall soon be cut down like the grass, and wither as the green herb. Matthew 13:6 And when the sun was up, they were scorched; and because they had no root, they withered away. twice. 1 Timothy 5:6 But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth. Jump to Previous AutumnBarrenCaringCarriedCharityCloudsDeadFearFeastFeastsFeedFeedingFruitHiddenLovePleasurePluckedRocksRockyRootsShareShepherdsSpotsSunkenThemselvesTreesTwiceUnrestrainedWaterWindsWitheredWitherethJump to Next AutumnBarrenCaringCarriedCharityCloudsDeadFearFeastFeastsFeedFeedingFruitHiddenLovePleasurePluckedRocksRockyRootsShareShepherdsSpotsSunkenThemselvesTreesTwiceUnrestrainedWaterWindsWitheredWitherethJude 1 1.He exhorts them to be constant in the profession of the faith.4.false teachers crept in to seduce them, for whose evil doctrine a horrible punishment is prepared;20.whereas the godly may persevere, grow in grace, and keep the faith.These men are hidden reefs in your love feastsThe term "hidden reefs" suggests danger lurking beneath the surface, threatening to cause shipwreck. In the context of the early church, "love feasts" were communal meals shared among believers, often associated with the Lord's Supper. These gatherings were meant to foster unity and love, but the presence of false teachers posed a threat to the spiritual health of the community. The imagery of hidden reefs emphasizes the subtle and destructive nature of these individuals, who could cause spiritual ruin if not identified and addressed. shamelessly feasting with you but shepherding only themselves
The false teachers are described as participating in the communal meals without shame, highlighting their hypocrisy and self-centeredness. The role of a shepherd is to care for the flock, but these individuals are only concerned with their own interests. This behavior contrasts sharply with the example of Christ, the Good Shepherd, who lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11). The self-serving nature of these men is a warning against leaders who prioritize personal gain over the well-being of the community. They are clouds without water, carried along by the wind
Clouds without water promise rain but deliver none, symbolizing the emptiness and deceit of the false teachers' teachings. They appear to offer spiritual nourishment but fail to provide any real substance. The imagery of being "carried along by the wind" suggests instability and lack of direction, echoingEphesians 4:14, which warns against being "tossed to and fro by the waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine." This phrase underscores the futility and danger of following teachings that lack the truth of God's Word. fruitless trees in autumn, twice dead after being uprooted
Fruitless trees in autumn are expected to bear fruit, but these do not, symbolizing the lack of spiritual fruit in the lives of the false teachers. The phrase "twice dead" may refer to their spiritual barrenness and ultimate judgment. Being "uprooted" suggests a finality in their rejection and removal from the community of believers. This imagery aligns with Jesus' teaching inMatthew 7:19, where trees that do not bear good fruit are cut down and thrown into the fire, emphasizing the seriousness of spiritual fruitlessness and the consequences of leading others astray. Persons / Places / Events 1. JudeThe author of the epistle, traditionally identified as Jude, the brother of James and Jesus. He writes to warn the church about false teachers. 2. False TeachersIndividuals within the church who are leading others astray with their deceptive teachings and immoral behavior. 3. Love FeastsEarly Christian communal meals that were meant to promote fellowship and unity among believers. 4. Hidden ReefsA metaphor used by Jude to describe the danger posed by false teachers, as reefs can cause shipwrecks if not seen. 5. Autumn TreesAnother metaphor indicating barrenness and lack of spiritual fruit, emphasizing the spiritual deadness of the false teachers. Teaching Points Beware of Hidden DangersJust as hidden reefs can cause shipwrecks, false teachings can lead to spiritual ruin. Be vigilant in discerning truth from error. The Importance of Spiritual FruitTrue faith is evidenced by spiritual fruit. Evaluate teachings and leaders by the fruit they produce in their lives and the lives of others. Selfish LeadershipLeaders who shepherd only themselves are not true shepherds. True Christian leadership is marked by selflessness and service to others. The Deceptive Nature of False PromisesLike clouds without water, false teachers promise much but deliver nothing. Seek teachings that are grounded in Scripture and lead to spiritual growth. Community VigilanceThe early church's love feasts were meant for unity, but they were being corrupted. Maintain the purity and purpose of Christian fellowship by addressing issues of false teaching and immorality. Lists and Questions Top 10 Lessons from Jude 1
What is the theme of "Clouds Without Water"?
What is the theme of 'Clouds Without Water'?
What is a biblical love feast?
Do you celebrate with those who are happy?(12-19) Three-fold description of the ungodly, corresponding to the three examples just given. The divisions are clearly marked, each section beginning with "These are" ( Jude 1:12; Jude 1:16; Jude 1:19). (12-15) Description corresponding to Cain. (12)These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you.--Rather,These are the rocks in your feasts of charity, banqueting with you fearlessly (see next Note); or,These are they who banquet together fearlessly, rocks in your feasts of charity. The former is preferable. But in any case we must probably readrocks--i.e.,that on which those who meet them at your love-feasts will be wrecked (see Notes on1Corinthians 11:20-22)--not "spots," which is borrowed from2Peter 2:13. But it is just possible that asspiloi,St. Peter's word, may mean either "spots" or "rocks" (though most commonly the former), so St. Jude's word (spilades) may mean either "spots" or "rocks" (though almost invariably the latter). In an Orphic poem of the fourth century,spilades means "spots "; but this is rather late authority for its use in the first century. Here "rocks" is the safer translation. St. Peter is dwelling on the sensuality of these sinners, and for him "spots" is the more obvious metaphor. St. Jude, in tracing an analogy between them and Cain, would be more likely to select "rocks." These libertines, like Cain, turned the ordinances of religion into selfishness and sin: both, like sunken rocks, destroyed those who unsuspectingly approached them. On the difference of reading respecting the word for "feasts of charity," or "love-feasts," see Note on2Peter 2:13. Possibly the nameAgapae for such feasts comes from this passage. Had it been common when St. Paul wrote 1 Corinthians 11, he would probably have made a point of it; love-feasts in which there was no love. (Comp.1Peter 5:14.) . . . Verses 12, 13. - The next two verses carry on the description of the men in a running fire of epithets and figures, short, sharp, and piercing, corresponding also at certain points with 2 Peter 2:13-17. These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear. What is referred to appears not to be ordinary friendly gatherings or occasions for the interchange of affection, but the well-known agapae, or love-feasts, of the primitive Church, the meals provided in connection with the Lord's Supper, at which rich and poor sat down together. In adopting the rendering "spots," the English Version follows Tyndale, Cranmer, the Genevan, and the Rhemish, and is followed by some good interpreters on the ground that the term, though formally different, is essentially the same as that in 2 Peter 2:13. The word itself, however, properly means "rocks," and therefore the point may be that their immoral conduct makes these men like treacherous reefs, on which their fellows make shipwreck. So the Revised Version gives "hidden rocks" in the text, and transfers "spots" to the margin. The "without fear," which is usually attached to the third clause, is connected by some with the second, in which case it expresses the reckless, irreverent spirit in which these men joined in the sacred agape. The last clause, "feeding [or, 'pasturing'] themselves," describes them further as having no regard to the proper object of these love-feasts in ministering to Christian fellowship and the holy sense of brotherhood, but as using them simply as a means for the saris-faction of their own appetites and the furtherance of their own base ends. Compare the evils referred to by Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:21, and the description of the shepherds in Ezekiel 34, and Isaiah 56:11. "They are like shepherds," says Humphry, "that have themselves for their flocks, feasting themselves, not their sheep, and doing this without fear of the chief Shepherd, who has his eye upon them." Clouds they are without water, carried about of winds; or, carried past by winds. Like rainless clouds, the sport of the uncertain breezes, yielding nothing for the fruitfulness of earth, these empty, volatile, inconstant men disappoint the expectation of the Church and do it no service. Trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots. The Authorized Version is less happy than usual in its rendering of the first clause. The Revised Version, in adopting "autumn trees" instead of "trees whose fruit withereth," returns to the renderings of the earlier versions, Wickliffe giving "harvest trees," Tyndale and Cranmer "trees without fruit at gathering-time," and the Rhemish "trees of autumn." The idea of uselessness and unfruitfulness, which was expressed in the previous figure, is repeated, but in a more absolute form, in this new figure. The late autumn is not the time, from the Eastern point of view, for the putting forth of fruit. The tree then becomes bare, barren, leafless. So is it with these men. Nor is it only that they have no fruit to show. The capacity of fruitfulness is extinct within them. The possibility of recovering it is gone from them. They are as dead to all good service as trees are which are rooted out as hopelessly useless. The phrase, "twice dead," may mean no more than "utterly dead." The point, however, is rather this - that they are dead, not only in respect of barrenness - which is a death in life - but in respect of the extinction of all vitality. Raging (or, wild) waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; or shames, as the original gives it; that is to say, shameful deeds, or, it may be, the degrading lusts which inspire their unlicensed life (Huther). This comparison recalls at once the figure in Isaiah 57:20. Wandering stars, to whom is (or, has been) reserved the blackness of darkness for ever. In the Book of Enoch (chapter 18:14) the angel shows the prophet "a prison for the stars of heaven, and for the host of heaven," and in the next verse it is explained that "the stars that roll over the fire are they who have transgressed the command of God before their rising, because they did not come forth in their time." It is possible that Jude had this in mind here, as the language of earlier chapters of the same book may have suggested others of Jude's figures. If the "wandering stars" are to be identified with any particular order of the heavenly bodies, it will be with the comets rather than the planets, the movements of the former seeming, to the common eye, so much the more erratic. The doom which is declared to be in reserve, no doubt takes its form so far from the immediate figure of the comet vanishing into the unseen. But the idea expressed is not so much that of suddenness as that of certainty and irreversibility. It is the doom which Christ himself pronounces to be prepared ( Matthew 25:41), and, therefore, inevitable and perpetual. In confirmation of this statement of the certainty of the doom, the readers are next reminded of the Lord's judicial coming, and of that as the subject of prophecy. The prophecy in question, though not one of those recorded in the canonical Hebrew Scriptures, seems to have been familiar enough to the readers to make it a natural and pertinent thing to quote it. So Paul cites heathen authors or common popular sayings in support of his statements.
Parallel Commentaries ...
Greek These [men]Οὗτοί(Houtoi)Demonstrative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3778:This; he, she, it.areεἰσιν(eisin)Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 1510:I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.theοἱ(hoi)Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.hidden reefsσπιλάδες(spilades)Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 4694:A hidden rock; fig: a flaw, stigma. Of uncertain derivation; a ledge or reef of rock in the sea.inἐν(en)Preposition
Strong's 1722:In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.yourὑμῶν(hymōn)Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Plural
Strong's 4771:You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou.love feasts,ἀγάπαις(agapais)Noun - Dative Feminine Plural
Strong's 26:From agapao; love, i.e. Affection or benevolence; specially a love-feast.shamelesslyἀφόβως(aphobōs)Adverb
Strong's 870:Fearlessly, shamelessly, securely, tranquilly. Adverb from a compound of a and phobos; fearlessly.feasting [with you]συνευωχούμενοι(syneuōchoumenoi)Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4910:To feast sumptuously with.[but] shepherdingποιμαίνοντες(poimainontes)Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4165:To shepherd, tend, herd; hence: I rule, govern. From poimen; to tend as a shepherd of.[only] themselves.ἑαυτοὺς(heautous)Reflexive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 1438:Himself, herself, itself.[They are] cloudsνεφέλαι(nephelai)Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 3507:A cloud. From nephos; properly, cloudiness, i.e. a cloud.without water,ἄνυδροι(anydroi)Adjective - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 504:Without water, dry; subst: dry places, desert. Waterless, i.e. Dry.carried alongπαραφερόμεναι(parapheromenai)Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Feminine Plural
Strong's 3911:From para and phero; to bear along or aside, i.e. Carry off; by implication, to avert.byὑπὸ(hypo)Preposition
Strong's 5259:A primary preposition; under, i.e. of place, or with verbs; of place (underneath) or where (below) or time (when).[the] wind;ἀνέμων(anemōn)Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 417:The wind; fig: applied to empty doctrines. From the base of aer; wind; by implication, quarters.fruitlessἄκαρπα(akarpa)Adjective - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 175:Unfruitful, barren, profitless. Barren.treesδένδρα(dendra)Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 1186:A tree. Probably from drus; a tree.in autumn,φθινοπωρινὰ(phthinopōrina)Adjective - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 5352:Autumnal, in autumn, when fruit is expected. From derivative of phthino and opora; autumnal.twiceδὶς(dis)Adverb
Strong's 1364:Twice, entirely, utterly. Adverb from duo; twice.deadἀποθανόντα(apothanonta)Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 599:To be dying, be about to die, wither, decay. From apo and thnesko; to die off.after being uprooted.ἐκριζωθέντα(ekrizōthenta)Verb - Aorist Participle Passive - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 1610:To root out, pluck up by the roots. From ek and rhizoo; to uproot.
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NT Letters: Jude 1:12 These are hidden rocky reefs in your (Jud. Ju Jd) |
