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Conquest of the Northern Cities
1Now whenJabinkingof Hazorheard about these things,he sent wordtoJobabkingof Madon;tothe kingsof Shimronand Achshaph;2to the kings of the north in the mountains, in the Arabah south of Chinnereth, in the foothills, and in Naphoth-dor to the west;…

Treasury of Scripture

And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard those things, that he sent to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph,

Jabin

Joshua 11:10
And Joshua at that time turned back, and took Hazor, and smote the king thereof with the sword: for Hazor beforetime was the head of all those kingdoms.

Joshua 12:19
The king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;

Joshua 19:36
And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor,

he sent

Joshua 10:3,4
Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying, …

Psalm 2:1-4
Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? …

Psalm 83:1-3
A Songor Psalm of Asaph. Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O God…

Madon The LXX.

Joshua 12:19,20
The king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one; …

Joshua 19:15,25
And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages…

Joshua 19:25,29
And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph, …

Joshua 19:25,29
And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph, …

AchshaphAch'shaphAcshaphHazorHeardHearethHearingJabinJobabKingsMadonShimronThereofWordAchshaphAch'shaphAcshaphHazorHeardHearethHearingJabinJobabKingsMadonShimronThereofWord1.Diverse kings overcome at the waters of Merom
10.Hazor is taken and burnt
16.All the country taken by Joshua
21.The Anakims cut off
23.The land rests from war

Now when Jabin king of Hazor heard about these things
Jabin was a royal title used by the kings of Hazor, a prominent Canaanite city located in northern Israel. Hazor was a major city-state and a significant military and economic center in Canaan. The phrase "heard about these things" refers to the previous victories of Joshua and the Israelites over other Canaanite cities and kings, particularly the defeat of the southern coalition inJoshua 10. This news would have been alarming to Jabin, prompting him to take action to protect his territory. Hazor's archaeological remains indicate it was a large and fortified city, underscoring its importance and the threat perceived by Jabin.

he sent word to Jobab king of Madon
Jobab, the king of Madon, is mentioned here as part of a coalition against Israel. Madon was likely a smaller city-state in the region, though its exact location is uncertain. The sending of word indicates a call to arms, a common practice among ancient Near Eastern kings to form alliances against common enemies. This reflects the political landscape of Canaan, where city-states often banded together for mutual defense against powerful adversaries.

to the kings of Shimron and Achshaph
Shimron and Achshaph were other city-states in the northern region of Canaan. The inclusion of these kings in the coalition highlights the widespread concern among the Canaanite rulers about the advancing Israelites. The gathering of multiple kings suggests a significant military alliance, emphasizing the scale of the threat perceived by the Canaanites. This coalition mirrors other biblical accounts where multiple nations unite against a common foe, such as inPsalm 83, which speaks of a confederation against Israel. The unification of these kings against Israel can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the ultimate victory of God's people over their enemies, a theme that resonates throughout the biblical narrative.

1.Jabin, King of Hazor
Jabin is the king of Hazor, a significant Canaanite city. His name means "whom God observes," and he plays a central role in organizing a coalition against Israel.

2.Hazor
A major Canaanite city located in northern Israel. It was a powerful city-state and a strategic military location.

3.Jobab, King of Madon
Another Canaanite king who joins Jabin's coalition. Madon is less prominent in biblical history but is part of the northern alliance.

4.Shimron
A city whose king joins the coalition against Israel. It is mentioned as part of the northern confederation.

5.Achshaph
Another city-state involved in the coalition. Like Shimron, it is part of the northern alliance against Israel.The Reality of Opposition
Just as Israel faced coalitions against them, Christians today may face opposition. We should be prepared for spiritual battles and rely on God's strength.

The Importance of Leadership
Jabin's role as a leader in organizing opposition highlights the influence leaders have. Christian leaders should use their influence to unite believers in faith and purpose.

God's Sovereignty in Battle
Despite the formidable coalition, God is in control. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty over their circumstances.

Unity Among Believers
The coalition of kings against Israel serves as a reminder of the power of unity. Christians are called to unite in love and purpose to advance God's kingdom.

Faith Over Fear
Israel's history shows that faith in God leads to victory, even against overwhelming odds. Believers are encouraged to choose faith over fear in their daily lives.Top 10 Lessons from Joshua 11

How could the Israelites quickly overwhelm multiple allied armies, as described in Joshua 11:1–5?

Are there any external historical records confirming the conquests detailed in Joshua 11?

How does the absolute obedience in Joshua 11:12–15 align with prior instructions about sparing certain peoples?

How does the swift, seemingly unopposed conquest of Laish in Judges 18:27–29 align with other biblical accounts or historical records of territorial conflicts?XI.

JOSHUA'S NORTHERN CAMPAIGN.

(1)Jabin king of Hazor seems to have been in northern Palestine what Adonizedec, king of Jerusalem, was in the south. For the strength of this monarchy see the story in Judges 4, 5. From its formidable character when it recovered strength in the days of the judges, we may gather some notion of what it was at first.

Hazor is identified asJebel Hadirah,nearKedes,in Upper Galilee.

Madon, perhapsMadin,west of the Sea of Galilee.

Shimron is identified asSim-nieh,west of Nazareth.

Verse 1. -And it came to pass. The political constitution of Palestine was, humanly speaking, the cause of its overthrow. The division of the country into a host of petty states, and the consequent want of cohesion and concert, made its conquest a comparatively easy task. Had the kings of the north rallied round the standard set up in Central Palestine by Adoni-zedek, a far more formidable opposition would have been offered to Joshua at Gibeon. Calvin takes us, however, at once to the fountain head, and remarks how God fitted the burden to those who had to bear it. In spite of the great things God had done to them, they might have been driven to despair (and every one knows how weak their faith was) by the overwhelming numbers of the enemy. But by reason of the slackness of their opponents they were able to meet and overcome them in detail, without any opposition but what their weak faith enabled them courageously to confront.Jabin king of Hazer. Jabin (the Hebrew meaning of this word isintelligent) was, like Pharaoh in Egypt, the usual name for the king that reigned in Hazor (seeJudges 4:2, 23, 24). He was a powerful monarch, and if not before, at least after, the Israelitish invasion became the acknowledged head of the league formed among the Canaanites against the Israelites. The first mention we have of Hazor in history is before the Exodus. The temple at Karnak, in Egypt, contains an account of an expedition into Palestine by Thotmes III., in which Kedeshu, Magedi, Damesku, Khatzor or Hazara, and other places are mentioned. We may no doubt identify these with Kedesh-Naphtali, Megiddo, Damascus, and Hazor (see Palest. Expl. Quart. Paper, April, 1876). Hazor, likefort in French and German,caer in Welsh, and the terminationcester in English (so alsochester), signifies a castle or fortified town. Like the names above mentioned, it was by no means an uncommon name. Beside the present Hazer, which was in northern Palestine, two cities of that name are mentioned in the south (Joshua 15:23, 25). It rose from its ashes during the period of inaction which followed the death of Joshua, and though (ch. 19:36) it was assigned to the tribe of Naphtali, became once more the centre of a strong Canaanitish organisation. It was, perhaps, the city Solomon is stated to have fortified (1 Kings 9:15), though this is not expressly stated. This becomes more probable when we find this Hazer among the cities of northern Israel captured by Tiglath-Pileser (2 Kings 15:29). "Yet still, in spite of the destruction by the Assyrians, the name lived on till the time of the Maccabees, and the great contest between King Demetrius and Jonathan the Maccabean took place upon the plain of Hazer" (Ritter, 2:225). Josephus also mentions theπεδίον Ἀσώρ in this connection. Robinson identifies it with Tel Khuraibeh, on the lake of Huleh, the ancient Merom. Conder regards it as represented by Jebel and Merj Hadireh, on the borders of this lake. Dean Stanley places it above the lake, while Vandevelde finds a place called Hazur, with extensive ruins, some distance westward. The names, however, Hazur and Haziri, are very common. Of Madon and Shimron nothing is known. Knobel would identify Achshaph with Aeco or Ptolemais. Robinson supposes it to be the modern Kesai. But this is not certain, for Aehshaph (ch. 19:25) formed the border of Asher, while Kesaf is in the extreme north. According to Conder, it is the present el Yasif.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Now when
וַיְהִ֕י(way·hî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961:To fall out, come to pass, become, be

Jabin
יָבִ֣ין(yā·ḇîn)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2985:Jabin -- 'one who is intelligent', two Canaanite kings

king
מֶֽלֶךְ־(me·leḵ-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4428:A king

of Hazor
חָצ֑וֹר(ḥā·ṣō·wr)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 2674:Hazor -- the name of several places in Palestine, also one in Arabia

heard of this,
כִּשְׁמֹ֖עַ(kiš·mō·a‘)
Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 8085:To hear intelligently

he sent word
וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח(way·yiš·laḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7971:To send away, for, out

to
אֶל־(’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

Jobab
יוֹבָב֙(yō·w·ḇāḇ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3103:Jobab -- a son of Joktan, also his descendants, also two non-Israelite kings, also two Benjamites

king
מֶ֣לֶךְ(me·leḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4428:A king

of Madon,
מָד֔וֹן(mā·ḏō·wn)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4068:Madon -- a royal city of the Canaanites

to
וְאֶל־(wə·’el-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

the kings
מֶ֥לֶךְ(me·leḵ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4428:A king

of Shimron
שִׁמְר֖וֹן(šim·rō·wn)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 8110:Shimron -- a city of Canaan

and Achshaph,
אַכְשָֽׁף׃(’aḵ·šāp̄)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 407:Achshaph -- a place in northern Canaan


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OT History: Joshua 11:1 It happened when Jabin king of Hazor (Josh. Jos)