Strong's Lexicon
hos, hé, ho: who, which, that
Original Word:ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
Part of Speech:Relative Pronoun
Transliteration:hos, hé, ho
Pronunciation:hos, hay, ho
Phonetic Spelling:(hos)
Definition:who, which, that
Meaning:who, which, what, that.
Word Origin:Derived from the Greek root word ὅς (hos), which functions as a relative pronoun.
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries:The Hebrew equivalent often used in similar contexts is אֲשֶׁר (asher), Strong's Hebrew 834, which also functions as a relative pronoun meaning "who," "which," or "that."
Usage:The Greek relative pronoun ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is used to introduce relative clauses, providing additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It functions similarly to the English "who," "which," or "that." This pronoun is essential for connecting ideas and providing clarity and detail in sentences.
Cultural and Historical Background:In the context of Koine Greek, the language of the New Testament, relative pronouns like ὅς, ἥ, ὅ were crucial for the complex sentence structures found in Greek literature. They allowed for nuanced expression and detailed descriptions, which were important in both oral and written traditions of the time. Understanding these pronouns helps modern readers grasp the interconnectedness of ideas in biblical texts.
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origina prim. pronoun
Definitionusually rel. who, which, that, also demonstrative this, that
NASB Translationanother* (8), any (1), because* (7), deeds* (1), just (1), just* (1), once* (1), one (11), one* (6), other (2), others* (2), same (2), since* (3), so (1), some (7), some* (8), someone (1), such (1), there (1), these (6), these things (3), thing (1), things (4), third (1), this (22), this is what (1), those whom (1), until* (1), what (101), what* (2), whatever (5), whatever* (28), when (9), when* (3), where (1), where* (2), which (404), while* (3), who (158), whoever (4), whoever* (51), whom (218), whomever* (6), whose (38), why* (3).
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 3739: ὅςὅς,
ἡ,
ὁ, the postpositive article, which has the force of:
I. a demonstrative pronoun,this, that (Latinhic,haec,hoc; German emphaticder,die,das); in the N. T. only in the following instances:ὅςδέ,but he (Germaneraber),John 5:11LTrWH; (Mark 15:23TTr textWH; cf.Buttmann, § 126, 2); in distributions and distinctions:ὅςμέν ...ὅςδέ,this ... that, one ... another, the one ... the other,Matthew 21:35;Matthew 22:5LTTrWH;;Luke 23:33;Acts 27:44;Romans 14:5;1 Corinthians 7:7RG;;2 Corinthians 2:16;Jude 1:22;ὁμέν ...ὁδέ,the one ... the other,Romans 9:21; (ὁμέν ...ὁδέ ...ὁδέ,some ... some ... some,Matthew 13:23LTWH);ὁδέ ...ὁδέ ...ὁδέ,some ... some ... some,Matthew 13:8;ᾧ (masculine)μέν ...ἄλλῳ (δέ) ...ἑτέρῳδέ (butLTTrWH omit thisδέ)κτλ.,1 Corinthians 12:8-10ὁμέν ...ἄλλοδέ (L textTTrWHκαίἄλλο),Mark 4:4; with a variation of the construction also in the following passages:ὁμέν ...καίἕτερον,Luke 8:5;οὕςμέν with the omission ofοὕςδέ by anacoluthon,1 Corinthians 12:28;ὅςμέν ...ὁδέἀσθενῶν etc.one man ... but he that is weak etc.Romans 14:2. On this use of the pronoun, chiefly by later writers from Demosth. down, cf.Matthiae, § 289 Anm. 7; Kühner, § 518, 4 b. ii., p. 780; (Jelf, § 816, 3 b.); AlexanderButtmann (1873) Gram. § 126, 3;Buttmann, 101 (89);Winer's Grammar, 105 (100); Fritzsche on Mark, p. 507.
II. a relative pronounwho, which, what;
1. in the common construction, according to which the relative agrees as respects its gender with the noun or pronoun which is its antecedent, but as respects case is governed by its own verb, or by a substantive, or by a preposition:ὁἀστήρὅνεἶδον,Matthew 2:9;ὁ ...Ἰουδαῖοςοὗὁἔπαινοςκτλ.,Romans 2:29;οὗτοςπερίοὗἐγώἀκούωτοιαῦτα,Luke 9:9;ἀπότῆςἡμέρας,ἀφ'ἧς,Acts 20:18;Θεόςδἰοὗ,ἐξοὗ,1 Corinthians 8:6, and numberless other examples it refers to a more remote noun in1 Corinthians 1:8, where the antecedent ofὅς is not the nearest nounἸησοῦΧριστοῦ, butτῷΘεῷ in 4; yet cf.Winer's Grammar, 157 (149); as in this passage, so very often elsewhere the relative is the subject of its own clause:ἀνήρὅς etc.James 1:12;πᾶςὅς,Luke 14:33;οὐδείςὅς,Mark 10:29;Luke 18:29, and many other examples
2. in constructions peculiar in some respect;
a. the gender of the relative is sometimes made to conform to that of the following noun:τῆςαὐλῆς,ὁἐστιπραιτώριον,Mark 15:16;λαμπάδες,ἅεἰσί (Lἐστιν)τάπνεύματα,Revelation 4:5 (LTWH);σπέρματι,ὅςἐστιΧριστός,Galatians 3:16; add,Ephesians 1:14 (LWH textTr marginal readingὁ);;1 Timothy 3:15;Revelation 5:8 (TWH marginal readingἅ); cf.Herm. ad Vig., p. 708;Matthiae, § 440, p. 989f;Winers Grammar, § 24, 3;Buttmann, § 143, 3.
b. in constructions ad sensum (cf.Buttmann, § 143, 4);α. the plural of the relative is used after collective nouns in the singular (cf.Winers Grammar, § 21, 3;Buttmann, as above):πλῆθοςπολύ,οἱἦλθον,Luke 6:17;πᾶντόπρεσβυτέριον,παῥὧν,Acts 22:5;γενεάς,ἐνοἷς,Philippians 2:15.β.κατάπᾶσανπόλιν,ἐναἷς,Acts 15:36;ταύτηνδευτέρανὑμῖνγράφωἐπιστολήν,ἐναἷς (because the preceding context conveys the idea of two Epistles),2 Peter 3:1.γ. the gender of the relative is conformed not to the grammatical but to the natural gender its antecedent (cf.Winers Grammar, § 21, 2;Buttmann, as above):παιδάριονὅς,John 6:9LTTrWH;θηρίονὅς, of Nero, as antichrist,Revelation 13:14LTTrWH;κεφαλήὅς, of Christ,Colossians 2:19; (addμυστήριονὅς etc.1 Timothy 3:16GLTTrWH; cf.Buttmann, as above;Winer's Grammar, 588f (547));σκεύη (of men)οὕς,Romans 9:24;ἔθνηοἱ,Acts 15:17;Acts 26:17;τέκνα,τεκνίαοἱ,John 1:13;Galatians 4:19;2 John 1:1 (Euripides, suppl. 12);τέκνονὅς,Philemon 1:10.
c. In attractions (Buttmann, § 143, 8;Winer's Grammar, §§ 24, 1; 66, 4ff);α. the accusative of the relative pronoun depending on a transitive, verb is changed by attraction into the oblique case of its antecedent:κτίσεωςἧςἔκτισενὁΘεός,Mark 13:19 (RG);τοῦῤήματοςοὗεἶπεν,Mark 14:72 (Rec.); add,John 4:14;John 7:31, 39 (butTr marginal readingWH marginal readingὁ);;Acts 3:21, 25;Acts 7:17, 45;Acts 9:36;Acts 10:39;Acts 22:10;Romans 15:18;1 Corinthians 6:19;2 Corinthians 1:6;2 Corinthians 10:8, 13;Ephesians 1:8;Titus 3:5(RG),;Hebrews 6:10;Hebrews 9:20;James 2:5;1 John 3:24;Jude 1:15; for other examples see below;ἐνἄραἡοὐγινώσκει,Matthew 24:50;τῇπαραδόσειἡπαρεδώκατε,Mark 7:13; add,Luke 2:20;Luke 5:9;Luke 9:43;Luke 12:46;Luke 24:25;John 17:5;Acts 2:22;Acts 17:31;Acts 20:38;2 Corinthians 12:21;2 Thessalonians 1:4;Revelation 18:6; cf.Winers Grammar, § 24, 1; (Buttmann, as above). Rarely attraction occurs where the verb governs the dative (but see below): thus,κατέναντιοὗἐπίστευσεΘεοῦ forκατέναντιΘεοῦ,ᾧἐπίστευσε (seeκατέναντι),Romans 4:17;φωνῆς,ἧςἔκραξα (forἡ (others,ἥν, cf.Winers Grammar, 164 (154f)Buttmann, 287 (247))),Acts 24:21, cf.Isaiah 6:4; (ἤγετοδέκαίτῶνἑαυτοῦτέπιστῶν,οἷςἠδετοκαίὧνἠπιστειπολλούς, forκαίπολλούςτούτων,οἷςἠπιστει,Xenophon, Cyril 5, 4, 39;ὧνἐγώἐντετύχηκαοὐδείς, forοὐδείςτούτων,οἷςἐντετύχηκα,Plato, Gorgias, p. 509 a.; Protag., p. 361 e.; de rep. 7, p. 531 e.;παῥὧνβοηθεῖς,οὐδεμίανληψειχάριν, forπαράτούτων,οἷςκτλ.,Aeschines f. leg., p. 43 (117); cf. Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, i., p. 237; (Buttmann, § 148, 11;Winer's Grammar, 163f (154f); but others refuse to recognize this rare species of attraction in the N. T.; cf. Meyer onEphesians 1:8)). The following expressions, however, can hardly be brought under this construction:τῆςχάριτοςἧςἐχαρίτωσεν (as if forἡ),Ephesians 1:6LTTrWH;τῆςκλήσεως,ἧςἐκλήθητε,Ephesians 4:1;διάτῆςπαρακλήσεωςἧςπαρακαλούμεθα,2 Corinthians 1:4, but must be explained agreeably to such phrases asχάρινχαριτουν,κλῆσινκαλεῖν, etc. ((i. e. accusative of kindred abstract substantive; cf.Winers Grammar, § 32, 2;Buttmann, § 131, 5)); cf.Winers Grammar, (andButtmann, as above).β. The noun to which the relative refers is so conformed to the case of the relative clause that eitherαα. it is itself incorporated into the relative construction, but without the article (Buttmann, § 143, 7;Winer's Grammar, § 24, 2 b.):ὅνἐγώἀπεκεφάλισαἸωάννην,οὗτοςἠγέρθη, forἸωάννης,ὅνκτλ.,Mark 6:16; add,Luke 24:1;Philemon 1:10;Romans 6:17;εἰςἥνοἰκίαν,ἐκεῖ, equivalent toἐντῇοἰκία,εἰςἥν,Luke 9:4; orββ. it is placed before the relative clause, either with or without the article (Winers Grammar, § 24, 2 a.;Buttmann, § 144, 13):τόνἄρτονὅνκλῶμεν,οὐχίκοινωνίατοῦσώματος,1 Corinthians 10:16;λίθονὅνἀπεδοκίμασανοἱοἰκοδομοῦντες,οὗτοςἐγενήθη (forὁλίθος,ὅςκτλ.),Matthew 21:42;Mark 12:10;Luke 20:17;1 Peter 2:7.γ. Attraction in the phrasesἄχριἧςἡμέρας forἄχριτῆςἡμέρας,ἡ (Winer's Grammar, § 24, 1 at the end):Matthew 24:38;Luke 1:20;Luke 17:27;Acts 1:2;ἀφ'ἧςἡμρας forἀπότῆςἡμέρας,ἡ,Colossians 1:6, 9;ὅντρόπον,as, just as, forτοῦτοντόντρόπονὅν orᾧMatthew 23:37;Luke 13:31;Acts 7:28; (preceded or) followed byοὕτως,Acts 1:11;2 Timothy 3:8.δ. A noun common to both the principal clause and the relative is placed in the relative clause after the relative pronoun (Winer's Grammar, 165 (156)):ἐνᾧκρίματικρίνετε,κριθήσεσθε, forκριθήσεσθεἐντῷκρίματι,ἐνᾧκρίνετε,Matthew 7:2;Matthew 24:44;Mark 4:24;Luke 12:40, etc.
3. The Neuterὁ a. refers to nouns of the masculine and the feminine gender, and to plurals, when that which is denoted by these nouns is regarded as a thing (cf.Buttmann, § 129, 6):λεπτάδύο,ὁἐστικοδράντης,Mark 12:42;ἀγάπην,ὁἐστισύνδεσμος,Colossians 3:14LTTrWH;ἄρτους,ὁ etc.Matthew 12:4L textTTrWH.
b. is used in the phrases (Buttmann, as above] —ὁἐστιν,which (term) signifies:Βοανεργέςὁἐστινυἱοίβροντῆς,Mark 3:17; add,;Hebrews 7:2;ὁἐστιμεθερμηνευόμενον, and the like:Matthew 1:23;Mark 15:34;John 1:38 (),f (f);.
c. refers to a whole sentence (Buttmann, as above):τοῦτονἀνέστησενὁΘεός,οὗ ...μάρτυρες,Acts 2:32;Acts 3:15;περίοὗ ...ὁλόγος,Hebrews 5:11;ὁκαίἐποίησαν (and the like),Acts 11:30;Galatians 2:10;Colossians 1:29;ὁ (which thing viz. that I write a new commandment (cf.Buttmann, § 143, 3))ἐστινἀληθές,1 John 2:8;ὁ (namely, to have one's lot assigned in the lake of fire)ἐστινὁθάνατοςὁδεύτερος,Revelation 21:8.
4. By an idiom to be met with fromHomer down, in the second of two coordinate clauses a pronoun of the third person takes the place of the relative (cf.Passow 2, p. 552b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word B. IV. 1);Buttmann, § 143, 6; (Winer's Grammar, 149 (141))):ὅςἔσταιἐπίτοῦδώματοςκαίτάσκεύηαὐτοῦἐντῇοἰκίαμήκαταβάτω,Luke 17:31;ἐξοὗτάπάντακαίἡμεῖςεἰςαὐτόν,1 Corinthians 8:6.
5. Sometimes, by a usage especially Hebraistic, an oblique case of the pronounαὐτός is introduced into the relative clause redundantly; as,ἧςτόθυγάτριοναὐτῆς,Mark 7:25; seeαὐτός, II. 5.
6. The relative pronoun very often so includes the demonstrativeοὗτος orἐκεῖνος that for the sake of perspicuity demons. pronoun must be in thought supplied, either in the clause preceding the relative clause or in that which follows it (Winers Grammar, § 23, 2;Buttmann, § 127, 5). The following examples may suffice:
a. a demons. pronoun must be added in thought in the preceding clause:οἷςἡτοίμασται, forτούτοιςδοθήσεται,οἷςἡτοίμασται,Matthew 20:23;δεῖξαι (namely,ταῦτα),ἅδεῖγενέσθαι,Revelation 1:1;Revelation 22:6;ᾧ forἐκεῖνοςᾧ,Luke 7:43, 47;οὗ forτούτῳοὗ,Romans 10:14; with the attraction ofὧν forτούτωνἅ,Luke 9:36;Romans 15:18;ὧν forταῦταὧν,Matthew 6:8; with a preposition intervening,ἔμαθενἀφ'ὧν (forἀπότούτωνἅ)ἔπαθεν,Hebrews 5:8.
b. a demons. pronoun must be supplied in the subsequent clause:Matthew 10:38;Mark 9:40;Luke 4:6;Luke 9:50;John 19:22;Romans 2:1, and often.
7. Sometimes the purpose and end is expressed in the form of a relative clause (cf. the Latinqui forutis):ἀποστέλλωἄγγελον,ὅς (for which Lachmann in Matt. hasκαί)κατασκευάσει,who shall etc. equivalent tothat he may etc.,Matthew 11:10;Mark 1:2;Luke 7:27; (1 Corinthians 2:16); so also in Greek authors, cf.Passow, under the word, VIII. vol. 2, p. 553; (Liddell and Scott, under B. IV. 4);Matthiae, § 481, d.; (Kühner, § 563, 3 b.;Jelf, § 836, 4;Buttmann, § 139, 32); — or the cause:ὅνπαραδέχεται, because he acknowledges him as his own,Hebrews 12:6; — or the relative stands whereὥστε might be used (cf.Matthiae, § 479 a.;Krüger, § 51, 13, 10; (Kühner, § 563, 3 e.);Passow, under the word, VIII. 2, ii., p. 553b; (Liddell and Scott, as above)):Luke 5:21;Luke 7:49.
8. For the interrogativeτίς,τί, in indirect questions (cf. Ellendt, Lex.Sophocles 2:372; (cf.Buttmann, § 139, 58)):οὐκἔχωὁπαραθήσω,Luke 11:6; by a later Greek usage, in a direct question (cf.Winers Grammar, § 24, 4;Buttmann, § 139, 59):ἐφ'ὁ (orRec.ἐφ'ᾧ)πάρει,Matthew 26:50 (on which (and the more than doubtful use ofὅς in direct question) seeἐπί, B. 2 a.ζ῾., p. 233b and C. I. 2 g.γ.αα., p. 235^b).
9. Joined to a preposition it forms a periphrasis for a conjunction (Buttmann, 105 (92)):ἀνθ'ὧν, forἀντίτούτωνὅτι —because,Luke 1:20;Luke 19:44;Acts 12:23;2 Thessalonians 2:10;for which reason, wherefore,Luke 12:3 (seeἀντί, 2 d.);ἐφ'ᾧ,.for that, since (seeἐπί, B. 2 a.δ., p. 233^a);ἀφ'οὗ (from the time that),when, since,Luke 13:25;Luke 24:21 (seeἀπό, I. 4 b., p. 58{b});ἄχριςοὗ, seeἄχρι, 1 d.;ἐξοὗ,whence,Philippians 3:20 cf.Winers Grammar, § 21, 3; (Buttmann, § 143, 4 a.);ἕωςοὗ,until (seeἕως, II. 1 b.α., p. 268{b}); alsoμέχριςοὗ,Mark 13:30;ἐνᾧ,while,Mark 2:19;Luke 5:34;John 5:7;ἐνοἷς,meanwhile,Luke 12:1; (cf.ἐν, I. 8 e.).
10. With particles:ὅςἄν andὅςἐάν,whosoever, if any one ever, seeἄν, II. 2 andἐάν, II., p. 163{a};οὗἐάν,wheresoever (whithersoever) with subjunctive,1 Corinthians 16:6 (cf.Buttmann, 105 (92)).ὅςγέ, seeγέ, 2.ὅςκαί,who also, he who (cf.Klotz ad Devar. 2:2, p. 636):Mark 3:19;Luke 6:13;Luke 10:39 (hereWH bracketsἡ);John 21:20;Acts 1:11;Acts 7:45;Acts 10:39 (Rec. omitsκαί);;Romans 5:2;1 Corinthians 11:23;2 Corinthians 3:6;Galatians 2:10;Hebrews 1:2, etc.;ὅςκαίαὐτός,who also himself, who as well as others:Matthew 27:57.ὅςδήποτε,whosoever,John 5:4Rec.;ὅσπερ (orὅςπερLTr text),who especially, the very one who (cf.Klotz ad Devar. 2:2, p. 724):Mark 15:6 (but hereTWHTr marginal reading now readὅνπαρῃτοῦντο, which see).
11. The genitiveοὗ, used absolutely (cf.Winers Grammar, 690 (549) note;Jelf, § 522, Obs. 1), becomes an adverb (first so in Attic writings, cf.Passow, II., p. 546a; (Meisterhans, § 50, 1));
a.where (Latinubi):Matthew 2:9;Matthew 18:20;Luke 4:16;Luke 23:53;Acts 1:13;Acts 12:12;Acts 16:13;Acts 20:6 (TTr marginal readingὅπου);;Romans 4:15;Romans 9:26;2 Corinthians 3:17;Colossians 3:1;Hebrews 3:9;Revelation 17:15; after verbs denoting motion (seeἐκεῖ b.;ὅπου, 1 b.) it can be renderedwhither (cf.Winers Grammar, § 54, 7;Buttmann, 71 (62)),Matthew 28:16;Luke 10:1;Luke 24:28;1 Corinthians 16:6.
b.when (like Latinubi equivalent toeotemporequo,quom):Romans 5:20 (Euripides, Iph. Taur. 320) (but others takeοὗ in Romans, the passage cited locally).
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
one, other, some, that, what, which
Including feminine he (hay), and neuter ho (ho) probably a primary word (or perhaps a form of the articleho); the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that -- one, (an-, the) other, some, that, what, which, who(-m, -se), etc. See alsohou.
see GREEKho
see GREEKhou
Forms and Transliterations
α ἅ ἃ αι αἵ αἳ αις αἷς ας ἃς η ἣ ᾗ ην ἥν ἣν ης ἧς Ο ὁ ὅ ὃ οι οἵ οἳ οις οἷς ον ὃν ος ὅς ὃς όσα ὅσα ὅσοι όστις ου οὗ ουν ους οὓς οφ του τούτων των ω ᾧ ων ὧν ως a ai ais as e ē en ēn es ēs ha há hà hai haí haì hais haîs has hàs he hē hḕ hêi hē̂i hen hēn hḗn hḕn hes hês hēs hē̂s ho hó hò hō hoi hoí hoì hôi hō̂i hois hoîs hon hòn hôn hōn hō̂n hos hós hòs hosa hósa hosoi hósoi hou hoû hous hoùs O ō oi ois on ōn os osa osoi ou ous
Links
Interlinear Greek •
Interlinear Hebrew •
Strong's Numbers •
Englishman's Greek Concordance •
Englishman's Hebrew Concordance •
Parallel Texts
