Strong's Lexicon
echthros: Enemy, hostile, hated
Original Word:ἐχθρός
Part of Speech:Adjective
Transliteration:echthros
Pronunciation:ekh-thros'
Phonetic Spelling:(ech-thros')
Definition:Enemy, hostile, hated
Meaning:hated, hostile; subst: an enemy.
Word Origin:Derived from a primary verb ἔχθω (echthō), meaning "to hate."
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H340 (אֹיֵב, 'oyeb) - enemy
- H341 (אֹיֵבָה, 'oyebah) - enmity
Usage:The Greek word "echthros" is used in the New Testament to denote an enemy or someone who is hostile. It can refer to personal enemies, national foes, or spiritual adversaries. The term is often used to describe those who oppose God or His people, as well as the enmity between individuals.
Cultural and Historical Background:In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of enmity was prevalent in both personal and political contexts. Enemies were often seen as those who threatened one's honor, property, or life. In Jewish thought, enemies could also be those who opposed God's covenant people, Israel. The New Testament expands this understanding to include spiritual enmity, particularly in the context of the struggle between good and evil.
HELPS Word-studies
2190exthrós – properly, anenemy; someoneopenly hostile (atenmity), animated bydeep-seated hatred. 2190/exthros ("enemy"), impliesirreconcilable hostility, proceeding out of a "personal" hatredbent on inflictingharm (DNTT).
[2190 (exthrós) describes a person resolved to inflict harm (seeDNTT, Vol 1, 553) – i.e. driven by irreconcilable, deep-rootedenmity.]
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Originfrom echthos (hatred)
Definitionhostile
NASB Translationenemies (20), enemy (10), enemy* (1), hostile (1).
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 2190: ἐχθρόςἐχθρός,
ἔχθρα,
ἐχθρόν (
ἔχθος hatred); the
Sept. numberless times for
אויֵב, also for
צַר, several times for
שׂונֵא and
מְשַׂנֵּא, a hater;
1. passively,hated, odious, hateful (inHomer only in this sense):Romans 11:28 (opposed toἀγαπητός).
2. actively,hostile, hating and opposing another:1 Corinthians 15:25;2 Thessalonians 3:15; with the genitive of the person hated or opposed,James 4:4 Lachmann;Galatians 4:16, cf. Meyer or Wieseler on the latter passage used of men as at enmity with God by their sin:Romans 5:10 (cf.Romans 8:7;Colossians 1:21;James 4:4) (but many takeἐχθρός here (as in, see 1 above) passively; cf. Meyer);τῇδιάνοια, opposing (God) in the mind,Colossians 1:21;ἐχθρόςἄνθρωπος, a man that is hostile, a certain enemy,Matthew 13:28;ὁἐχθρός, the hostile one (well known to you), i. e.κατ'ἐξοχήν the devil, the most bitter enemy of the divine government:Luke 10:19, cf.Matthew 13:39 (and ecclesiastical writings).ὁἐχθρός (andἐχθρός) substantively,enemy (so the word, whether adjective or a substantive, is translated inA. V., except twice (R. V. once)foe:ἔσχατοςἐχθρός,1 Corinthians 15:26): with the genitive of the person to whom one is hostile,Matthew 5:43;Matthew 10:36;Matthew 13:25; Luke 1:(),;;Romans 12:20;Revelation 11:5, 12; in the words ofPsalm 109:1 (), quoted inMatthew 22:44;Mark 12:36;Luke 20:43;Acts 2:35;1 Corinthians 15:25 (L brackets; others omit the genitive (see above));Hebrews 1:13;Hebrews 10:13. with the genitive of the thing:Acts 13:10;τοῦσταυροῦτοῦΧριστοῦ, who given up to their evil passions evade the obligations imposed upon them by the death of Christ,Philippians 3:18.
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
enemy, foe.From a primary echtho (to hate); hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially Satan) -- enemy, foe.
Forms and Transliterations
εχθρά έχθραν εχθρε εχθρέ ἐχθρὲ εχθροι εχθροί ἐχθροί ἐχθροὶ εχθροίς εχθρον εχθρόν ἐχθρόν ἐχθρὸν εχθρος εχθρός ἐχθρός ἐχθρὸς εχθρου εχθρού ἐχθροῦ εχθρους εχθρούς ἐχθρούς ἐχθροὺς εχθρώ εχθρων εχθρών ἐχθρῶν echthre echthrè echthroi echthroí echthroì echthron echthrón echthròn echthrôn echthrōn echthrō̂n echthros echthrós echthròs echthrou echthroû echthrous echthroús echthroùsLinks
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