Strong's Lexicon
ginóskó: To know, to come to know, to recognize, to perceive
Original Word:γινώσκω
Part of Speech:Verb
Transliteration:ginóskó
Pronunciation:ghin-oce'-ko
Phonetic Spelling:(ghin-oce'-ko)
Definition:To know, to come to know, to recognize, to perceive
Meaning:I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn; aor: I ascertained, realized.
Word Origin:A primary verb
Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: -H3045 - יָדַע (yada): To know, to perceive, to understand. This Hebrew verb shares a similar range of meanings with "ginóskó," emphasizing relational and experiential knowledge.
Usage:The Greek verb "ginóskó" primarily means "to know" or "to come to know." It implies a knowledge that is gained through experience or personal relationship. In the New Testament, it often denotes an intimate or relational knowledge, as opposed to mere intellectual understanding. This verb is used to describe both human and divine knowledge, including the knowledge of God, self-awareness, and understanding of others.
Cultural and Historical Background:In the Greco-Roman world, knowledge was highly valued, often associated with philosophical inquiry and understanding of the divine. The Hebrew concept of knowledge, which influences the New Testament usage, emphasizes relational and experiential knowledge. In the biblical context, "ginóskó" often reflects a deep, personal relationship, such as the knowledge between God and His people or between individuals in a covenant relationship.
HELPS Word-studies
1097ginṓskō – properly,to know, especially throughpersonal experience (first-hand acquaintance).1097/ginṓskō ("experientially know") is used for example in Lk 1:34, "And Mary [a virgin] said to the angel, 'How will this be since I do notknow (1097/ginṓskō = sexual intimacy) a man?'"
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Originfrom a prim. root gnó-
Definitionto come to know, recognize, perceive
NASB Translationascertaining (1), aware (7), certainty (1), come to know (1), comprehend (1), felt (1), find (3), found (2), kept...a virgin* (1), knew (13), know (104), know how (1), knowing (3), known (25), knows (14), learn (1), learned (1), perceived (1), perceiving (2), put (1), realize (3), recognize (7), recognized (1), recognizing (1), sure (4), take notice (1), unaware* (2), understand (11), understood (6), virgin* (1).
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 1097: γινώσκωγινώσκω (Attic
γιγνώσκω, see
γίνομαι at the beginning; from
ΓΝΟΩ, as
βιβρώσκω from
ΒΡΟΩ); (imperfect
ἐγίνωσκον); future
γνώσομαι; 2 aorist
ἔγνων (from
ΓΝΩΜΙ), imperative
γνῶθι,
γνώτω, subjunctive
γνῷ (3 person singular
γνοῖ,
Mark 5:43;
Mark 9:30;
Luke 19:15LTTrWH, for
RGγνῷ (
Buttmann, p. 46 (40); cf.
δίδωμι at the beginning)), infinitive
γνῶναι, participle
γνούς; perfect
ἔγνωκα (
John 17:7; 3 person plural
ἔγνωκαν for
ἐγνωκασι, see references in
γίνομαι at the beginning); pluperfect
ἐγνώκειν; passive (present 3 person singular
γινώσκεται (
Mark 13:28Tr marginal reading)); perfect
ἐγνωσμαι; 1 aorist
ἐγνώσθην; future
γνωσθήσομαί; in Greek writings from
Homer down; the
Sept. for
יָדַע; Latin
nosco,
novi (i. e.
gnosco, gnovi);
I. universally:
1.to learn to know, come to know, get a knowledge of; passiveto become known: with the accusative,Matthew 22:18;Mark 5:43;Acts 21:34;1 Corinthians 4:19;2 Corinthians 2:4;Colossians 4:8;1 Thessalonians 3:5, etc. Passive,Matthew 10:26;Acts 9:24;Philippians 4:5, etc.; (impersonally,γινώσκεται,Mark 13:28Tr marginal readingT 2, 7);τίἐκτίνος,Matthew 12:33;Luke 6:44;1 John 4:6;τινα orτίἐντίνι, to find a sign in a thing by which to know, to recognize in or by something,Luke 24:35;John 13:35;1 John 4:2;κατάτίγνώσομαιτοῦτο, the truth of this promise,Luke 1:18 (Genesis 15:8);περίτῆςδιδαχῆς,John 7:17. often the object is not added, but is readily understood from what precedes:Matthew 9:30;Matthew 12:15 (the consultation held by the Pharisees);Mark 7:24 (he would have no one know that he was present):Mark 9:30;Romans 10:19, etc.; followed byὅτι,Matthew 21:45;John 4:1;John 5:6;John 12:9, etc.; followed by the interrogativeτί,Matthew 6:3;Luke 16:4;ἀπότίνος to learn from one,Mark 15:45. with the accusative of person to recognize as worthy of intimacy and love, to own; so those whom God has judged worthy of the blessings of the gospel are saidὑπότοῦΘεοῦγινώσκεσθαι,1 Corinthians 8:3;Galatians 4:9 (on both cf.Winers Grammar, § 39, 3 Note 2;Buttmann, 55 (48)); negatively, in the sentence of Christοὐδέποτεἔγνωνὑμᾶς, I never knew you, never had any acquaintance with you,Matthew 7:23.to perceive, feel:ἔγνωτῷσώματι,ὅτι etc.Mark 5:29;ἔγνωνδύναμινἐξελθοῦσανἀπ'ἐμοῦ,Luke 8:46.
2.to know, understand, perceive, have knowledge of;
a.to understand: with the accusative,τάλεγόμενα,Luke 18:34;ἅἀναγινώσκεις,Acts 8:30; followed byὅτι,Matthew 21:45;John 8:27;2 Corinthians 13:6;Galatians 3:7;James 2:20; followed by interrog,τί,John 10:6;John 13:12, 28;ὁκατεργάζομαιοὐγινώσκω I do not understand what I am doing, my conduct is inexplicable to me,Romans 7:15.
b.to know:τόθέλημα,Luke 12:47;τάςκαρδίας,Luke 16:15;τόνμήγνόνταἁμαρτίαν ignorant of sin, i. e. not conscious of having committed it,2 Corinthians 5:21;ἐπιστολήγινωσκομένηκαίἀναγινωσκομένη,2 Corinthians 3:2;τινα, to know one, his person, character, mind, plans:John 1:48 ();;Acts 19:15;2 Timothy 2:19 (fromNumbers 16:5); followed byὅτι,John 21:17;Philippians 1:12;James 1:3;2 Peter 1:20; followed by the accusative with an infinitiveHebrews 10:34; followed by an indirect question,Revelation 3:3;Ἑλληνιστίγινώσκειν,to know Greek (graecescire,Cicero, de fin. 2, 5):Acts 21:37 (ἐπίστασθαίΣυριστί,Xenophon, Cyril 7, 5, 31;graecenescire,Cicero, pro Flac. 4, 10);ἴστε (Rec.ἐστε)γινώσκοντες ye know, understanding etc. (R. V.ye know of a surety, etc.),Ephesians 5:5; seeWiners Grammar, 355 (333); (cf.Buttmann, 51 (44); 314 (269)). imperativeγινώσκετεknow ye:Matthew 24:32f, 43;Mark 13:29;Luke 10:11;John 15:18;Acts 2:36;Hebrews 13:23;1 John 2:29.3. by a Hebraistic euphemism (cf.Winer's Grammar, 18), found also in Greek writings from the Alexandrian age down,γινώσκω is used of the carnal connection of male and female,remcumaliquo oraliquahabere (cf. ourhave a (criminal) intimacy with): of a husband,Matthew 1:25; of the woman,Luke 1:34; (Genesis 4:1, 17;Genesis 19:8;1 Samuel 1:19, etc.; Judith 16:22;Callimachus () epigr. 58, 3; often inPlutarch; cf. Vögelin,Plutarch, Brut., p. 10ff; so also Latincognosco,Ovid. met. 4, 596; novi,Justin Martyr, hist. 27, 3, 11).II. In particularγινώσκω,to become acquainted with, to know, is employed in the N. T. of the knowledge of God and Christ, and of the things relating to them or proceeding from them;
a.τόνΘεόν, the one, true God, in contrast with the polytheism of the Gentiles:Romans 1:21;Galatians 4:9; alsoτόνμόνονἀληθινόνΘεόν,John 17:3 cf.1 John 5:20;τόνΘεόν, the nature and will of God, in contrast with the false wisdom of both Jews and Gentiles,1 Corinthians 1:21;τόνπατέρα, the nature of God the Father, especially the holy will and affection by which he aims to sanctify and redeem men through Christ,John 8:55;John 16:3;1 John 2:3f, 14 ();; a peculiar knowledge of God the Father is claimed by Christ for himself,John 10:15;John 17:25;γνῶθιτόνκύριον, the precepts of the Lord,Hebrews 8:11;τόθέλημα (of God),Romans 2:18;νοῦνκυρίου,Romans 11:34;1 Corinthians 2:16;τήνσοφίαντοῦΘεοῦ,1 Corinthians 2:8;τάςὁδούςτοῦΘεοῦ,Hebrews 3:10 (fromPsalm 94:10 ().b.Χριστόν, his blessings,Philippians 3:10; inΧριστόνἐγνωκέναικατάσάρκα,2 Corinthians 5:16, Paul speaks of that knowledge of Christ which he had before his conversion, and by which he knew him merely in the form of a servant, and therefore had not yet seen in him the Son of God. According to John's usage,γινώσκειν,ἐγνωκέναιΧριστόν denotesto come to know, to know, his Messianic dignity (John 17:3;John 6:69); his divinity (τόνἀπ'ἀρχῆς,1 John 2:13f cf.John 1:10), his consummate kindness toward us, and the benefits redounding to us from fellowship with him (in Christ's wordsγινώσκομαιὑπότῶνἐμῶν,John 10:14 (according to the critical textsγινώσκουσινμετάἐμά)); his love of God (John 14:31); his sinless holiness (1 John 3:6). John unitesπιστεύειν andγινώσκειν, at one time puttingπιστεύειν first:John 6:69 (cf. Schaff's Lange or Meyer at the passage); but at another timeγινώσκειν:John 10:38 (according toRG, for whichLTTrWH readἵναγνῶτεκαίγινώσκητε (R. V.know and understand));John 17:8 (L bracketsκαίἔγνωσαν);1 John 4:16 (the love of God).
c.γνῶναι ...τάτοῦπνεύματος the things which proceed from the Spirit,1 Corinthians 2:14;τόπνεῦματῆςἀληθείαςκαίτόπνεῦματῆςπλάνης,1 John 4:6;τάμυστήριατῆςβασιλείαςτῶνοὐρανῶν,Matthew 13:11;τήνἀλήθειαν,John 8:32;2 John 1:1; absolutely, of the knowledge of divine things,1 Corinthians 13:12; of the knowledge of things lawful for a Christian,1 Corinthians 8:2. [SYNONYMS:γινώσκειν,εἰδέναι,ἐπίστασθαί,συνιέναι: In classic usage (cf.Schmidt, chapter 13),γινώσκειν, distinguished from the rest by its original inchoative force, denotes a discriminating apprehension of external impressions, a knowledge grounded in personal experience.εἰδέναι, literally, 'to have seen with the mind's eye,' signifies a clear and purely mental perception, in contrast both to conjecture and to knowledge derived from others.ἐπίστασθαί primarily expresses the knowledge obtained by proximity to the thing known (cf. ourunderstand, Germanverstehen); then knowledge viewed as the result of prolonged practice, in opposition to the process of learning on the one hand, and to the uncertain knowledge of a dilettante on the other.συνιέναι implies native insight, the soul's capacity of itself not only to lay hold of the phenomena of the outer world through the senses, but by combination (σύν andἰέναι) to arrive at their underlying laws. Hence,συνιέναι may mark an antithesis to sense-perception; whereasγινώσκειν marks an advance upon it. As applied e. g. to a work of literature,γινώσκειν expresses an acquaintance with it;ἐπίστασθαί the knowledge of its contents;συνιέναι the understanding of it, a comprehension of its meaning.γινώσκειν andεἰδέναι most readily come into contrast with each other; ifεἰδέναι andἐπίστασθαί are contrasted, the former refers more to natural, the latter to acquired knowledge. In the N. T., as might be expected, these distinctions are somewhat less sharply marked. Such passages asJohn 1:26, 31, 48 ();;2 Corinthians 5:16;1 John 5:20 may seem to indicate that, sometimes at least,γινώσκω andοἶδα are nearly interchangeable; yet seeJohn 3:10, 11;John 8:55 (yet cf.);1 John 2:29 (know ... perceive), and the characteristic use ofεἰδέναι by John to describe our Lord's direct insight into divine things: (contrast);, etc; cf.Lightfoot's note onGalatians 4:9;Green, 'Critical Notes' etc., p. 75 (onJohn 8:55); Westcott onJohn 2:24.γινώσκω andἐπίσταμαι are associated inActs 19:15 (cf.Green, as above, p. 97);οἶδα andγινώσκω in1 Corinthians 2:11;Ephesians 5:5;οἶδα andἐπίσταμαι inJude 1:10. Compare:ἀναγινώσκω,διαγινώσκω,ἐπιγινώσκω,καταινώσκω,προγινώσκω.]
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
allow, be aware of, perceive.A prolonged form of a primary verb; to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed) -- allow, be aware (of), feel, (have) know(-ledge), perceived, be resolved, can speak, be sure, understand.
Forms and Transliterations
γινώκσω γινωσκε γίνωσκε γινωσκει γινώσκει γινωσκειν γινώσκειν γινωσκεις γινώσκεις γινωσκεται γινώσκεται γινωσκετε γινώσκετε γινωσκετω γινωσκέτω γινωσκη γινώσκη γινώσκῃ γινωσκητε γινώσκητε γινώσκομαι γινωσκομεν γινώσκομεν γινωσκομενη γινωσκομένη γινώσκοντά γινώσκοντας γινωσκοντες γινώσκοντες γινώσκουσαν γινωσκουσι γινώσκουσι γινώσκουσί γινωσκουσιν γινώσκουσιν γινωσκω γινώσκω γινώσκωμεν γινωσκων γινώσκων γινωσκωσι γινώσκωσι γινώσκωσί γινώσκωσιν γλαύκα γνοι γνοῖ γνοίη γνοίην γνοντα γνόντα γνοντες γνόντες γνους γνούς γνοὺς γνω γνώ γνῷ γνῶ Γνωθι γνώθι Γνῶθι γνώμεν γνωναι γνώναι γνώναί γνῶναι γνῶναί γνως γνώς γνῷς γνώσει γνώσεις γνωσεσθε γνώσεσθε γνωσεται γνώσεται γνωση γνώση γνώσῃ γνωσθεντες γνωσθέντες γνωσθη γνωσθή γνωσθῇ γνωσθησεται γνωσθήσεται γνωσθήση γνωσθήσομαι γνωσθήσομαί γνωσθήσονται γνωσθητω γνωσθήτω γνώσι γνωσιν γνώσιν γνῶσιν γνωσομαι γνώσομαι γνωσομεθα γνωσόμεθα γνωσονται γνώσονται γνωτε γνώτε γνῶτε γνωτω γνώτω γνώτωσαν εγίνωσκε εγινωσκεν εγίνωσκεν ἐγίνωσκεν εγινωσκον εγίνωσκον ἐγίνωσκον εγνω έγνω ἔγνω εγνωκα έγνωκα ἔγνωκα εγνωκαμεν εγνώκαμεν ἐγνώκαμεν εγνωκαν έγνωκαν ἔγνωκαν εγνωκας έγνωκάς ἔγνωκάς εγνωκατε εγνώκατε ἐγνώκατε ἐγνώκατέ έγνωκε εγνωκειτε εγνώκειτε εγνώκειτέ ἐγνώκειτε ἐγνώκειτέ εγνωκεν έγνωκεν ἔγνωκεν εγνωκεναι ἐγνωκέναι εγνωκότας εγνωκοτες εγνωκότες ἐγνωκότες έγνωμεν εγνων έγνων ἔγνων εγνως έγνως ἔγνως εγνωσαν έγνωσαν έγνωσάν ἔγνωσαν εγνωσθη εγνώσθη ἐγνώσθη εγνώσθην εγνώσθης εγνωσται έγνωσται ἔγνωσται έγνωτε ἐπέγνωσαν eginosken eginōsken egínosken egínōsken eginoskon eginōskon egínoskon egínōskon egno egnō égno égnō egnoka egnōka égnoka égnōka egnokamen egnōkamen egnṓkamen egnokan egnōkan égnokan égnōkan egnokas egnōkas égnokás égnōkás egnokate egnōkate egnṓkate egnṓkaté egnokeite egnōkeite egnṓkeite egnoken egnōken égnoken égnōken egnokenai egnokénai egnōkenai egnōkénai egnokotes egnokótes egnōkotes egnōkótes egnon egnōn égnon égnōn egnos egnōs égnos égnōs egnosan egnōsan égnosan égnōsan egnostai egnōstai égnostai égnōstai egnosthe egnōsthē egnṓsthe egnṓsthē epegnosan epegnōsan epégnosan epégnōsan ginoske ginōske ginōskē gínoske gínōske ginoskei ginōskei ginṓskei ginṓskēi ginoskein ginōskein ginṓskein ginoskeis ginōskeis ginṓskeis ginosketai ginōsketai ginṓsketai ginoskete ginōskete ginōskēte ginṓskete ginṓskēte ginosketo ginoskéto ginōsketō ginōskétō ginosko ginōskō ginṓsko ginṓskō ginoskomen ginōskomen ginōskōmen ginṓskomen ginṓskōmen ginoskomene ginoskoméne ginōskomenē ginōskoménē ginoskon ginōskōn ginṓskon ginṓskōn ginoskontes ginōskontes ginṓskontes ginoskosin ginōskōsin ginṓskosin ginṓskōsin ginoskousi ginōskousi ginṓskousí ginoskousin ginōskousin ginṓskousin gno gnô gnō gnō̂ gnoi gnoî gnôi gnō̂i gnôis gnō̂is gnonai gnônai gnônaí gnōnai gnō̂nai gnō̂naí gnonta gnónta gnontes gnóntes gnos gnōs gnose gnōsē gnṓsei gnṓsēi gnosesthe gnōsesthe gnṓsesthe gnosetai gnōsetai gnṓsetai gnosin gnôsin gnōsin gnō̂sin gnosomai gnōsomai gnṓsomai gnosometha gnosómetha gnōsometha gnōsómetha gnosontai gnōsontai gnṓsontai gnosthe gnōsthē gnosthêi gnōsthē̂i gnosthentes gnosthéntes gnōsthentes gnōsthéntes gnosthesetai gnosthḗsetai gnōsthēsetai gnōsthḗsetai gnostheto gnosthḗto gnōsthētō gnōsthḗtō gnote gnôte gnōte gnō̂te Gnothi Gnôthi Gnōthi Gnō̂thi gnoto gnōtō gnṓto gnṓtō gnous gnoùsLinks
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