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David's Officers
15Thus DavidreignedoverallIsraeland administeredjusticeand righteousnessfor allhis people:16Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;…

Treasury of Scripture

And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment and justice to all his people.

over all Israel

2 Samuel 3:12
And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whoseis the land? sayingalso, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my handshall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.

2 Samuel 5:5
In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.

David executed

2 Samuel 23:3,4
The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over menmust be just, ruling in the fear of God…

1 Chronicles 18:14
So David reigned over all Israel, and executed judgment and justice among all his people.

Psalm 45:6,7
Thy throne, O God,is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdomis a right sceptre…

AdministeredDavidDecisionsEquityExecutedIsraelJudgingJudgmentJusticeReignedReignethRightRighteousnessAdministeredDavidDecisionsEquityExecutedIsraelJudgingJudgmentJusticeReignedReignethRightRighteousness1.David subdues the Philistines and the Moabites
3.He smites Hadadezer, and the Syrians
9.Toi sends Joram with presents to bless him
11.David dedicates the presents and the spoil to God
14.He puts garrisons in Edom
16.David's officers

Thus David reigned over all Israel
David's reign over all Israel signifies the unification of the tribes under a single monarchy, fulfilling God's promise to establish David's kingdom (2 Samuel 7:16). This period marks a significant transition from the tribal confederation of the Judges to a centralized monarchy. David's leadership is seen as a type of Christ, who unites all believers under His spiritual reign (Ephesians 1:22-23). The phrase also highlights the fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham, promising a great nation (Genesis 12:2).

and administered justice and righteousness
David's administration of justice and righteousness reflects the ideal kingly role in Israel, as outlined inDeuteronomy 17:18-20. This phrase underscores the biblical principle that true leadership involves upholding God's laws and ensuring fairness and equity. David's commitment to justice prefigures the Messianic reign of Christ, who will establish perfect justice and righteousness (Isaiah 9:7). The Hebrew terms for justice (mishpat) and righteousness (tsedaqah) often appear together in the Old Testament, emphasizing God's character and His expectations for leaders (Psalm 89:14).

for all his people
David's governance extended to all his people, indicating inclusivity and impartiality in his rule. This phrase suggests that David's justice was not limited to a select group but was intended for the entire nation of Israel. It reflects the biblical ideal of a shepherd-king who cares for all his flock, a role ultimately fulfilled by Jesus Christ, the Good Shepherd (John 10:11). The phrase also points to the unity and peace that characterized David's reign, a foreshadowing of the peace Christ brings to His people (Ephesians 2:14-18).

1.David
The central figure in this verse, David is the king of Israel, known for his heart after God and his leadership qualities. His reign is marked by military victories, expansion of the kingdom, and a commitment to justice and righteousness.

2.Israel
The nation over which David reigned. At this time, Israel is a united kingdom, experiencing peace and prosperity under David's leadership.

3.Justice and Righteousness
These are the key attributes of David's reign mentioned in the verse. They reflect the biblical principles of fairness, moral integrity, and adherence to God's laws.Leadership and Integrity
David's reign exemplifies the importance of leading with integrity. As Christians, we are called to reflect God's justice and righteousness in our leadership roles, whether in the church, workplace, or home.

Justice as a Divine Mandate
The emphasis on justice in David's reign reminds us that justice is not merely a human concept but a divine mandate. We are to seek justice in our interactions and advocate for those who are marginalized.

Righteous Living
Righteousness involves living in accordance with God's standards. David's commitment to righteousness challenges us to examine our lives and align our actions with God's Word.

The Role of a Godly Leader
David's example shows that a godly leader prioritizes the well-being of their people. We are encouraged to serve others selflessly and make decisions that honor God.Top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 8

Why does the biblical account of David’s reign exaggerate his kingdom’s power compared to historical evidence?

Why do historical records suggest that David’s kingdom was much smaller than the Bible describes?

How do we reconcile the swift punishments in 1 Kings 2:22–25 and 2:29–34 with David’s emphasis on justice elsewhere, and is there historical evidence supporting these executions?

Is the claim in 1 Chronicles 24 of David having enough priests to fill 24 separate divisions historically plausible?Verse 15. -David executed judgment and justice. There was very little real truth in Absalom's fault finding with the administration of justice (2 Samuel 15:3, 4), unless we suppose - what is only too probable - that David, after his terrible crimes of murder and adultery, became lax in the discharge of his judicial duties. Here, at this period of his life, he was a zealous judge at home, as well as a brave and skilful general. He was one of those many sided characters who are great in a multitude of ways. Like Julius Caesar and our own Alfred, he was as distinguished in the arts of peace as in those of war. And thus, while his first care was for the establishment of religion, and while even the singing in the sanctuary was not beneath his notice, he also, even in the midst of dangerous wars, gave careful attention to the orderly government of his kingdom and the maintenance of right and law. We have already seen with what consummate skill he selected a capital immediately that he was made king of all Israel. Saul had done much in war. Though finally defeated at Gilboa, he had taught the Israelites their strength, and laid the foundations of David's empire; but he had done nothing to consolidate the tribes, or provide tribunals for the settlement of disputed legal rights or the punishment of crimes. Israel was as loose an aggregate of discordant atoms at his death as it was at his appointment; and the maintenance of order was left to the caprice of local sheiks. Samuel had done far more for the internal development and consolidation of the people than Saul; but it was David who made them into a nation. The continuance of his work was frustrated by the extravagance of Solomon, the folly of Rehoboam, and the ambition of the restless tribe of Ephraim; but the two parts into which his realm was broken at least held together, and there never again was danger of such anarchy and threatened disintegration as existed in the times of the judges.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Thus David
דָּוִ֖ד(dā·wiḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732:David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

reigned
וַיִּמְלֹ֥ךְ(way·yim·lōḵ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427:To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

over
עַל־(‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921:Above, over, upon, against

all
כָּל־(kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, every

Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל(yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478:Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

and administered
עֹשֶׂ֛ה(‘ō·śeh)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 6213:To do, make

justice
מִשְׁפָּ֥ט(miš·pāṭ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4941:A verdict, a sentence, formal decree, divine law, penalty, justice, privilege, style

and righteousness
וּצְדָקָ֖ה(ū·ṣə·ḏā·qāh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6666:Rightness, subjectively, objectively

for all
לְכָל־(lə·ḵāl)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, every

his people:
עַמּֽוֹ׃(‘am·mōw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5971:A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock


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OT History: 2 Samuel 8:15 David reigned over all Israel (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)